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Revision as of 09:56, 31 October 2011 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Script assisted update of identifiers for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'ChEMBL').← Previous edit		Latest revision as of 08:11, 15 September 2024 edit undoGraeme Bartlett (talk | contribs)Administrators249,716 edits cas
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			{{Short description|Pharmaceutical drug}}
	{{Drugbox		{{Drugbox
	| Verifiedfields = changed		| Verifiedfields = changed
			| verifiedrevid = 458271221
	| Watchedfields = changed
			| IUPAC_name =
	| verifiedrevid = 404488576
			| image =
	| IUPAC_name =
			| width =
	| image =
			<!-- Clinical data -->
	| width =
			| tradename =
			| MedlinePlus = a690006
	<!--Clinical data-->
			| pregnancy_US = C
	| tradename =
			| pregnancy_category =
	| MedlinePlus = a690006
			| licence_EU = yes
	| pregnancy_US = C
			| legal_UK = POM
	| pregnancy_category =
			| legal_US = Rx-only
	| legal_UK = POM
			| legal_status =
	| legal_US = Rx-only
	| legal_status =
	| routes_of_administration = Subcutaneous, intramuscular		| routes_of_administration = Subcutaneous, intramuscular
			<!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->
			| bioavailability =
			| protein_bound =
			| metabolism =
			| elimination_half-life =
			<!-- Identifiers -->
			| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|changed|DrugBank}}
			| CAS_number = 98530-12-2
			| ATC_prefix = L03
			| ATC_suffix = AB05
			| ATC_supplemental =
			| PubChem =
			| IUPHAR_ligand = 8338
			| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
			| DrugBank = DB00105
			| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
			| ChEMBL = 1201558
			| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
			| ChemSpiderID = none
			| UNII = 43K1W2T1M6
			<!-- Chemical data -->
			| chemical_formula =
			| molecular_weight =
			}}
			'''Interferon alfa-2b''' is an antiviral or ] drug. It is a ] form of the protein ] that was originally sequenced and produced recombinantly in '']''<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nagata S, Taira H, Hall A, Johnsrud L, Streuli M, Ecsödi J, Boll W, Cantell K, Weissmann C | display-authors = 6 | title = Synthesis in E. coli of a polypeptide with human leukocyte interferon activity | journal = Nature | volume = 284 | issue = 5754 | pages = 316–320 | date = March 1980 | pmid = 6987533 | doi = 10.1038/284316a0 | s2cid = 4310807 | bibcode = 1980Natur.284..316N }}</ref> in the laboratory of ] at the ], in 1980.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Weissmann C |chapter=Recombinant interferon - the 20th anniversary|date=2001|title=Recombinant Protein Drugs|pages=3–41| veditors = Buckel P |series=Milestones in Drug Therapy|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Basel|doi=10.1007/978-3-0348-8346-7_1|isbn=978-3-0348-8346-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mantei N, Schwarzstein M, Streuli M, Panem S, Nagata S, Weissmann C | title = The nucleotide sequence of a cloned human leukocyte interferon cDNA | journal = Gene | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–10 | date = June 1980 | pmid = 6157600 | doi = 10.1016/0378-1119(80)90137-7 }}</ref> It was developed at ], and ultimately marketed by Schering-Plough under the trade name '''Intron-A'''. It was also produced in 1986 in recombinant human form, in the ] of Havana, Cuba, under the name Heberon Alfa R.<ref>{{Cite journal| vauthors = Nodarse-Cuní H, López-Saura PA |date=2017|title=Cuban interferon alpha-2b. Thirty years as an effective and safe drug|url=https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumenI.cgi?IDARTICULO=75882|journal=Biotecnología Aplicada|volume=34|issue=1|pages=1211–1217|issn=1027-2852}}</ref>
			It has been used for a wide range of indications, including viral infections and cancers. This drug is approved around the world for the treatment of chronic ], chronic ], ], ], chronic ], multiple myeloma, ], carcinoid tumor, ] and malignant melanoma.{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for the whole sentence|date=March 2020}}
	<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
	| bioavailability =
	| protein_bound =
	| metabolism =
	| elimination_half-life =
			The medication is being used in clinical trials to treat patients with ]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/cuba-drug-fight-coronavirus-us-sanctions-1493872|title=Cuba uses "wonder drug" to fight coronavirus around the world despite U.S. sanctions| vauthors = O'Connor T |date=March 24, 2020|website=Newsweek}}</ref> and there are published results in the peer-reviewed scientific literature.<ref name=ivermectin>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pereda R, González D, Rivero HB, Rivero JC, Pérez A, Lopez LD, Mezquia N, Venegas R, Betancourt JR, Domínguez RE, Nodarse H | display-authors = 6 | title = Therapeutic Effectiveness of Interferon Alpha 2b Treatment for COVID-19 Patient Recovery | journal = Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research | volume = 40 | issue = 12 | pages = 578–588 | date = December 2020 | pmid = 33337933 | doi = 10.1089/jir.2020.0188 | s2cid = 229324680 }}</ref>
	<!--Identifiers-->
	| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
	| CAS_number =
	| ATC_prefix = L03
	| ATC_suffix = AB05
	| ATC_supplemental =
	| PubChem =
	| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|changed|drugbank}}
	| DrugBank = DB05272
	| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
	| ChEMBL = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: 1201558 -->
	| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
	| ChemSpiderID = NA
	<!--Chemical data-->
	| chemical_formula =
	| molecular_weight =
	}}
			So far, two non-peer reviewed research articles have been published. One study at the ], Galveston, showed evidence of a direct anti-viral effect of Interferon alpha against novel Coronavirus in vitro. The study demonstrated around 10,000 fold reduction in the quantity of virus that was pre-treated with Interferon alpha 48 hours earlier. A second study by universities in China, Australia and Canada analysed 77 moderate COVID-19 subjects in Wuhan and observed that those who received Interferon alpha-2b showed a significant reduction in the duration of virus shedding period and even in levels of the inflammatory cytokine, IL-6. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/zydus-to-test-use-of-hep-c-med-for-virus/articleshow/75260635.cms|title = Zydus to test use of Hepatitis C medicine for virus | website=] | date=21 April 2020 }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/brief-zydus-explores-biologicals-route-t-idUSFWN2C51DU|title = BRIEF-Zydus Explores Biologicals Route to Treat Coronavirus with Interferon Alpha-2B|newspaper = Reuters|date = 20 April 2020}}</ref>
	'''Interferon alfa-2b''' is an ] originally discovered in the laboratory of ] at the University of Zurich, developed at Biogen, and ultimately marketed by Schering-Plough under the tradename '''Intron-A'''. It has been used for a wide range of indications, including viral infections and cancers.
			This drug is also used off-label in cats and dogs, both by injection and orally.<ref name="WW">{{cite web | vauthors = Forney B |date= |title=Interferon Alpha-2B for Veterinary Use |url=https://www.wedgewoodpharmacy.com/learning-center/professional-monographs/interferon-alpha-2b-for-veterinary-use.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019032534/https://www.wedgewoodpharmacy.com/learning-center/professional-monographs/interferon-alpha-2b-for-veterinary-use.html |archive-date=2021-10-19 |website=Wedgewood Pharmacy}}</ref> The cross-species nature of IFN-α allow it to work in non-human animals,<ref name=Yang07>{{cite journal | vauthors = Yang LM, Xue QH, Sun L, Zhu YP, Liu WJ | title = Cloning and characterization of a novel feline IFN-omega | journal = Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research | volume = 27 | issue = 2 | pages = 119–127 | date = February 2007 | pmid = 17316139 | doi = 10.1089/jir.2006.0094 }}</ref> but the period of usefulness is limited by the production of antibodies against this foreign protein.<ref name=WW/>
	This drug is approved around the world for the treatment of chronic ], chronic ], hairy cell leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, follicular lymphoma, carcinoid tumor, and malignant melanoma.
			{| class="wikitable"
	{| class="Wikitable"|style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto" border="1"
	!colspan="4"|Interferon alfa-2b products<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.pharma2020.ru/spaw2/uploads/files/321.pdf?pharma2020=091cae460ddce3b1fbe0d97fdf63e4ae|title=Russia through the prism of the world biopharmaceutical market|author=Dmitrij I. Bairamashvili1 and Mikhail L. Rabinovich2*|year=2007|journal=Biotechnol. J|volume=2}}</ref>		!colspan="4"|Interferon alfa-2b products<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.pharma2020.ru/spaw2/uploads/files/321.pdf?pharma2020=091cae460ddce3b1fbe0d97fdf63e4ae|title=Russia through the prism of the world biopharmaceutical market| vauthors = Bairamashvili DI, Rabinovich ML |year=2007|journal=Biotechnol. J.|volume=2|issue=7 |pages=801–817 |doi=10.1002/biot.200700091 |pmid=17615600 |s2cid=26770545 |access-date=2009-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224134036/http://www.pharma2020.ru/spaw2/uploads/files/321.pdf?pharma2020=091cae460ddce3b1fbe0d97fdf63e4ae|archive-date=2012-02-24|url-status=dead}}</ref>
	|-		|-
	!Product		!Product
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	!Special uses		!Special uses
	|-		|-
	|Alpharona		| Alpharona
	|]		|]
	|		|
	|		|
	|-		|-
	|Intron-A/IntronA		| Intron-A/IntronA
	|]		|]
	|		|
	|		|
	|-		|-
	|Realderon		| Realderon
	|]		|]
	|		|
	|		|
	|-		|-
	|Reaferon EC		| Reaferon EC
	|]		|]
	|		|
	|		|
	|-		|-
	|Reaferon EC-Lipint		| Reaferon EC-Lipint
	|]		|]
	|]		|]
	|		|
	|-		|-
	|Infagel		| Infagel
	|]		|]
	|ointment		| ointment
	|		|
	|-		|-
	|Recolin		| Recolin
	|]		|]
	|		|
	|		|
	|-		|-
	|Altevir		| Altevir
	|] subsidiary		|] subsidiary
	|liquid, free of ]		| liquid, free of ]
	|		|
	|-		|-
			| Kipferon
	|Viferon
	|]
	|suppository or ointment with vitamins C, E
	|viral, bacterial, ]
	|-
	|Kipferon
	|]		|]
	|combination with ], ], ]		| combination with ], ], ]
	|		|
	|-		|-
	|Giaferon		| Giaferon
	|]		|]
	|		|
	|		|
	|-		|-
	|Genferon		| Genferon
	|]		|]
	|		|
	|		|
	|-		|-
			| Opthalamoferon
	|Grippferon
	|]		|]
			| with ]
	|nasal formulation
			| eye infections
	|]
	|-		|-
			| Heberon Alfa R
	|Opthalamoferon
			|], Cuban-Chinese joint venture ]<ref>{{Cite web | vauthors = Makichuk D |url=https://asiatimes.com/2020/04/covid-contenders-viral-drugs-that-offer-hope/|title=Covid contenders: Viral drugs that offer hope | work = Asia Times |date=18 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oncubanews.com/en/cuba/the-famous-cuban-interferon-vs-the-sars-cov-2-coronavirus/|title = The famous Cuban interferon vs the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus|date = 19 March 2020}}</ref>
	|]
			|
	|with ]
			| ], ] (MERS), ]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://amerika21.de/2020/03/238594/interferon-kuba-deutschland|title=Medikament aus Kuba zur Behandlung des Coronavirus bald auch in Deutschland?|date=30 March 2020}}</ref>
	|eye infections
	|-		|-
	|Gerpferon
	|]
	|with ], ] ointment
	|]
	|}		|}
	==See also==		== See also ==
	* ]		* ]
			* ]
	==References==		== References ==
			{{Reflist}}
	<references />
			== Further reading ==
			{{refbegin}}
			* {{cite web | url = http://www.emea.europa.eu/humandocs/PDFs/EPAR/Introna/H-281-PI-en.pdf | title = Intron-A Summary of Product Characteristics | publisher = European Medicines Agency | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091107054423/http://www.emea.europa.eu/humandocs/PDFs/EPAR/Introna/H-281-PI-en.pdf | archive-date = 2009-11-07 }}
			* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nagata S, Taira H, Hall A, Johnsrud L, Streuli M, Ecsödi J, Boll W, Cantell K, Weissmann C | display-authors = 6 | title = Synthesis in E. coli of a polypeptide with human leukocyte interferon activity | journal = Nature | volume = 284 | issue = 5754 | pages = 316–320 | date = March 1980 | pmid = 6987533 | doi = 10.1038/284316a0 | s2cid = 4310807 | bibcode = 1980Natur.284..316N }}
			{{refend}}
			== External links ==
			{{Commons category}}
	==External links==
	*
	*
	*{{cite journal |author=Nagata S, Taira H, Hall A, ''et al.'' |title=Synthesis in E. coli of a polypeptide with human leukocyte interferon activity |journal=Nature |volume=284 |issue=5754 |pages=316–20 |year=1980 |month=Mar |pmid=6987533 |doi=10.1038/284316a0 }}
	{{Interferons}}		{{Interferons}}
			{{Immunostimulants}}
	{{DNA antivirals}}		{{DNA antivirals}}
	{{RNA antivirals}}		{{RNA antivirals}}
			{{Cytokine receptor modulators}}
	]		]
			]
			]
	{{antiinfective-drug-stub}}		{{antiinfective-drug-stub}}