Revision as of 13:53, 15 February 2012 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 471520280 of page Isoamyl_acetate for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: ''). |
Latest revision as of 12:11, 3 September 2024 edit Prince Quilliam (talk | contribs)29 editsmNo edit summary |
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{{Short description|Chemical compound with banana odor}} |
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{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}} |
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{{chembox |
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{{chembox |
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| verifiedrevid = 443880449 |
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| verifiedrevid = 477004274 |
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| Name = Isoamyl acetate |
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| Name = Isoamyl acetate |
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| ImageFile1 = Isoamyl_acetate.svg |
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| ImageFile = |
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| ImageFile1 = Isoamyl_acetate.svg |
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| ImageSize1 = 200px |
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| ImageSize1 = 200px |
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| ImageName1 = Isoamyl acetate |
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| ImageName1 = Isoamyl acetate |
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| ImageFile2 = Isoamyl-acetate-3D-balls.png |
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| ImageFile2 = Isoamyl-acetate-3D-balls.png |
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| ImageSize2 = 200px |
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| ImageSize2 = 200px |
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| ImageFile3 = Isopentyl acetate.jpg |
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| IUPACName = 3-methylbut-1-yl ethanoate |
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| ImageSize3 = 50px |
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| OtherNames = isopentyl acetate<br />banana oil<br />isopentyl ethanoate<br />pear essence<br />3-methylbutyl acetate<br />3-methylbutyl ethanoate |
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| PIN = 3-Methylbutyl acetate |
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| SystematicName = 3-Methylbutyl ethanoate |
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| OtherNames = Isopentyl acetate<br />Isopentyl ethanoate<br />Isoamyl acetate<br />Banana oil<br />Pear essence |
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| IUPACName = |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI = 31725 |
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| ChEBI = 31725 |
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| PubChem = 31276 |
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| Beilstein = 1744750 |
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| Gmelin = 101452 |
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| EC_number = 204-662-3 |
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| RTECS = NS9800000 |
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| UNNumber = 1104 1993 |
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| SMILES = O=C(OCCC(C)C)C |
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| SMILES = O=C(OCCC(C)C)C |
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}} |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>14</sub>O<sub>2</sub> |
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| C=7 | H =14 | O=2 |
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| MolarMass = 130.19 g/mol |
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| Density = 0.876 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| Density = 0.876 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| Appearance = Colorless liquid |
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| Odor = Banana-like<ref name=PGCH/> |
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| MeltingPtC = −78 |
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| MeltingPtC = −78 |
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| BoilingPtC = 142<!--Ref Index: nD-20 = 1.4006--> |
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| BoilingPtC = 142<!--Ref Index: nD-20 = 1.4006--> |
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| Solubility = 0.3% (20{{nbsp}}°C)<ref name=PGCH/> |
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| VaporPressure = 4{{nbsp}}mmHg or 0.533{{nbsp}}kPa (20{{nbsp}}°C)<ref name=PGCH/> |
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| MagSus = −89.4·10<sup>−6</sup>{{nbsp}}cm<sup>3</sup>/mol |
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| RefractIndex =1.4020 at 20° |
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}} |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| NFPA-H = 1 |
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| NFPA-H = 1 |
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| NFPA-F = 3 |
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| NFPA-F = 3 |
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| NFPA-R = 0 |
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| NFPA-R = 0 |
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| FlashPt = 25 °C |
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| FlashPtC = 25 |
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| PEL = TWA 100{{nbsp}}ppm (525{{nbsp}}mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0347}}</ref> |
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| ExploLimits = 1.0% (100{{nbsp}}°C) – 7.5%<ref name=PGCH/> |
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| REL = TWA 100{{nbsp}}ppm (525{{nbsp}}mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH/> |
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| IDLH = 1000{{nbsp}}ppm<ref name=PGCH/> |
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| LCLo = 6470{{nbsp}}ppm (cat)<ref name=IDLH>{{IDLH|123922|Isoamyl acetate}}</ref> |
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| LD50 = 7422{{nbsp}}mg/kg (rabbit, oral)<br/>16,600{{nbsp}}mg/kg (rat, oral)<ref name=IDLH/> |
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| GHSPictograms = {{GHS02}} |
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| GHSSignalWord = Danger |
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| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|226|315|319|335|336|372}} |
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| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|233|240|241|242|243|260|261|264|270|271|280|302+352|303+361+353|304+340|305+351+338|312|314|321|332+313|337+313|362|370+378|403+233|403+235|405|501}} |
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| Section4 = {{Chembox Related |
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| OtherCompounds = ] |
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}}<!-- |
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| ] |
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| {{{Refractive index (nD20)|1.4020}}}--> |
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'''Isoamyl acetate''', also known as '''isopentyl acetate''', is an ] formed from ] and ], with the molecular formula {{chem2|C7H14O2}}. It is a colorless liquid that is only slightly soluble in water, but very soluble in most organic solvents. Isoamyl acetate has a strong odor which is described as similar to both ] and ].<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/perchem/ISO-AMYL%20ACETATE.htm | title = Iso-amyl acetate | publisher = chemicalland21.com}}</ref> Pure isoamyl acetate, or mixtures of isoamyl acetate, ], and other flavors in ] may be referred to as '''banana oil'''<ref>Karl-Georg Fahlbusch, Franz-Josef Hammerschmidt, Johannes Panten, Wilhelm Pickenhagen, Dietmar Schatkowski, Kurt Bauer, Dorothea Garbe, Horst Surburg "Flavors and Fragrances" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'', Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002. {{doi|10.1002/14356007.a11_141}}.</ref> or '''pear oil'''.<ref>{{cite web |title=T3DB: Isopentyl acetate |url=http://www.t3db.ca/toxins/T3D4851 |website=Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB) |publisher=Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canada Foundation for Innovation, and by The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC) |access-date=2 April 2023}}</ref> |
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==Natural occurrence== |
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Isoamyl acetate occurs naturally in many plants, including ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref name="ntp" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Isoamyl acetate Taxonomy |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Isoamyl-acetate#section=Taxonomy&fullscreen=true |website=PubChem |publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information |access-date=2 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref> It is also released by fermentation processes, including those used for making ], ], ], and ].<ref name="ntp">{{cite web |author1=Technical Resources International, Inc |title=SUMMARY OF DATA FOR CHEMICAL SELECTION: Isoamyl Acetate |url=https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/htdocs/chem_background/exsumpdf/isoamylacetate_508.pdf |website=National Toxicology Program |publisher=U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |access-date=2 April 2023 |date=November 1994}}</ref> |
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Isoamyl acetate is released by a ]'s ] apparatus where it serves as a ] beacon to attract other bees and provoke them to sting.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Boch R|author2=Shearer DA |author3=Stone BC |date=September 8, 1962|title=Identification of isoamyl acetate as an active component in the sting pheromone of the honey bee |journal=Nature |volume=195 |issue=4845 |pages=1018–20 |publisher=Nature Publishing Group |location=England |pmid=13870346|doi=10.1038/1951018b0 |bibcode=1962Natur.195.1018B |s2cid=4224788 }}</ref> |
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==Production== |
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Isoamyl acetate is prepared by the acid-catalyzed reaction (]) between ] and glacial ] as shown in the reaction equation below. Typically, ] is used as the ]. Alternatively, ] or an acidic ion exchange resin can be used as the catalyst. |
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:] |
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It is also produced synthetically by the ] of ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Isoamyl acetate Methods of Manufacturing |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Isoamyl-acetate#section=Methods-of-Manufacturing |website=PubChem |publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information |language=en}}</ref> |
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==Applications== |
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Isoamyl acetate is used to confer banana or pear flavor in foods such as ]s, ] and ]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Isoamyl acetate |url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/molecule-of-the-week/archive/i/isoamyl-acetate.html |website=American Chemical Society |access-date=27 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref> ''Banana oil'' and ''pear oil'' commonly refer to a solution of isoamyl acetate in ] that is used as an ]. |
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It is also used as a ] for some ]es, ]s, and ]s. As a solvent and carrier for materials such as ], it was extensively used in the aircraft industry for stiffening and wind-proofing fabric flying surfaces, where it and its derivatives were generally known as ']'. Now that most aircraft wings are made of metal, such use is mostly limited to historically accurate reproductions and scale models. |
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Because of its intense, pleasant odor and its low toxicity, isoamyl acetate is used to test the effectiveness of ] or ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_id=9780&p_table=STANDARDS|title=Fit Testing Procedures (Mandatory). - 1910.134 App A {{!}} Occupational Safety and Health Administration|website=www.osha.gov|access-date=2020-02-04}}</ref> |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Esters}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Isoamyl Acetate}} |
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] |
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] |
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] |
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] |
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] |
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] |