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			{{Short description|Chemical compound}}
	{{Drugbox		{{Drugbox
			| Verifiedfields = changed
	| verifiedrevid = 447925816
			| verifiedrevid = 451110455
	| IUPAC_name = β-<small>D</small>-glucopyranosyl-(1&rarr;6)--β-<small>D</small>-glucopyranosyl-(1&rarr;3)-β-<small>D</small>-glucopyranosyl-(1&rarr;3)β-<small>D</small>-glucopyranosyl-(1&rarr;3)]-β-<small>D</small>-glucopyranose
			| IUPAC_name =
	| image = Lentinan.svg		| image = Lentinan.svg
	| width = 400px		| width = 300px
			<!-- Clinical data -->
	<!--Clinical data-->
	| tradename =		| tradename =
	| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|international|lentinan}}		| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|international|lentinan}}
Line 16:		Line 17:
	| legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V -->		| legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V -->
	| legal_status =		| legal_status =
	| routes_of_administration =		| routes_of_administration =
			<!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->
	<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
	| bioavailability =		| bioavailability =
	| protein_bound =		| protein_bound =
	| metabolism =		| metabolism =
	| elimination_half-life =		| elimination_half-life =
	| excretion =		| excretion =
			<!-- Identifiers -->
			| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
	<!--Identifiers-->
	| CAS_number = 37339-90-5		| CAS_number = 37339-90-5
			| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
			| UNII = 6751655D1D
	| ATC_prefix = L03		| ATC_prefix = L03
	| ATC_suffix = AX01		| ATC_suffix = AX01
	| PubChem = 37723		| ChEBI = 31770
			| PubChem =
	| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}		| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
	| DrugBank =		| DrugBank =
	| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}		| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
	| KEGG = D01695		| KEGG = D01695
			| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
			| ChemSpiderID = none
	<!--Chemical data-->
			<!-- Chemical data -->
	| C=42 | H=72 | O=36
	| molecular_weight = 1152.99948 g/mol		| molecular_weight = ~ 500,000 Da
			| synonyms =
	| synonyms = <small>(2''S'',3''R'',4''S'',5''S'',6''R'')-2-oxymethyl]oxan-4-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-<nowiki>oxymethyl]oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol</small>
	}}		}}
			'''Lentinan''' is a ] isolated from the ] of ] mushroom (''Lentinula edodes'').
	'''Lentinan''' is a ] with a glycosidic β-1,3:β-1,6 linkage.<ref name="CancerGuide"> Includes many abstracts</ref> It is an anti-tumor ] from the ] (''Lentinula edodes'') mushroom.<ref name="CancerGuide"/> Lentinan is a polysaccharide that has a molecular weight of approximately 500,000 Da. The Japanese pharmaceutical company ] developed Lentinan, which is an intravenously administered anti-cancer agent.
			==Chemistry==
	Lentinan is one of the host-mediated anti-cancer drugs<ref name="pmid10522061">{{cite journal| author=Nakano H, Namatame K, Nemoto H, Motohashi H, Nishiyama K, Kumada K| title=A multi-institutional prospective study of lentinan in advanced gastric cancer patients with unresectable and recurrent diseases: effect on prolongation of survival and improvement of quality of life. Kanagawa Lentinan Research Group. | journal=Hepatogastroenterology | year= 1999 | volume= 46 | issue= 28 | pages= 2662–8 | pmid=10522061 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref> which has been shown to affect host defense immune systems.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Nakano H, Namatame K, Nemoto H, Motohashi H, Nishiyama K, Kumada K |title=A multi-institutional prospective study of lentinan in advanced gastric cancer patients with unresectable and recurrent diseases: effect on prolongation of survival and improvement of quality of life. Kanagawa Lentinan Research Group |journal=Hepatogastroenterology |volume=46 |issue=28 |pages=2662–8 |year=1999 |pmid=10522061 |doi=}}</ref>
			Lentinan is a β-1,3 ] with β-1,6 branching. It has a molecular weight of 500,000 Da and specific rotation of +14-22° (NaOH).
	==Research into the effects of Lentinan==		==Research==
			===Preclinical studies===
	Lentinex is a formulation featuring lentinan and is approved for use in the EU. An '']'' experiment showed lentinan stimulated production of white blood cells in the human cell line ].<ref name="pmid = 10190187 ">
			An '']'' experiment showed lentinan stimulated production of white blood cells in the human cell line ].<ref name="pmid = 10190187 ">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sia GM, Candlish JK | title = Effects of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) extract on human neutrophils and the U937 monocytic cell line | journal = Phytotherapy Research | volume = 13 | issue = 2 | pages = 133–137 | date = March 1999 | pmid = 10190187 | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199903)13:2<133::AID-PTR398>3.0.CO;2-O | doi-access = free }}</ref> Lentinan is thought to be inactive in humans when given orally and is therefore administered intravenously. The authors of an '']'' study of lentinan suggested that the compound may be active when administered orally in mice.<ref name="pmid = 12470439">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ng ML, Yap AT | title = Inhibition of human colon carcinoma development by lentinan from shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) | journal = Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine | volume = 8 | issue = 5 | pages = 581–589 | date = October 2002 | pmid = 12470439 | doi = 10.1089/107555302320825093 }}</ref>
	{{Cite journal
	| author = Sia GM, Candlish JK.
	| title = Effects of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) extract on human neutrophils and the U937 monocytic cell line.
	| journal = Phytother Res.
	| volume = 13
	| issue = 2
	| pages = 133–7
	| publisher =
	| location =
	| year = 1999
	| month = Mar
	| doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199903)13:2<133::AID-PTR398>3.0.CO;2-O
	| pmid = 10190187
	| postscript = <!--None-->
	}}</ref>
	A pharmacological blend (]) of lentinan, ], '']'' and '']'' has also been shown to stimulate white blood cell production ''in vitro''. <ref>
	{{Cite journal
	| author = Clark D, Adams M.
	| title = Using commercial nutraceutical mixes as immune stimulants: an in vitro proliferation study using Metabolic Cell-Support on non-stimulated human lymphocytes.
	| journal = Austr. J. Med. Herbal.
	| volume = 19
	| pages = 108–111
	| year = 2007
	| postscript = <!--None-->
	}}</ref>
			===Human clinical trials===
	An '']'' experiment on mice, revealed lentinan is orally active (since clinical use of the drug is administered through an IV). <ref name="pmid = 12470439">
			Lentinan has been the subject of a limited number of clinical studies in cancer patients in Japan;<ref name="pmid = 18670743">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yang P, Liang M, Zhang Y, Shen B | title = Clinical application of a combination therapy of lentinan, multi-electrode RFA and TACE in HCC | journal = Advances in Therapy | volume = 25 | issue = 8 | pages = 787–794 | date = August 2008 | pmid = 18670743 | doi = 10.1007/s12325-008-0079-x | s2cid = 33140754 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid = 16897983">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nimura H, Mitsumori N, Takahashi N, Kashimura H, Takayama S, Kashiwagi H, Yanaga K | title = | language = ja | journal = Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy | volume = 33 Suppl 1 | issue = 1 | pages = 106–109 | date = June 2006 | pmid = 16897983 }}</ref><ref name="pmid = 10522061">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nakano H, Namatame K, Nemoto H, Motohashi H, Nishiyama K, Kumada K | title = A multi-institutional prospective study of lentinan in advanced gastric cancer patients with unresectable and recurrent diseases: effect on prolongation of survival and improvement of quality of life. Kanagawa Lentinan Research Group | journal = Hepato-Gastroenterology | volume = 46 | issue = 28 | pages = 2662–2668 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10522061 }}</ref><ref name="pmid19596954">{{cite journal | vauthors = Oba K, Kobayashi M, Matsui T, Kodera Y, Sakamoto J | title = Individual patient based meta-analysis of lentinan for unresectable/recurrent gastric cancer | journal = Anticancer Research | volume = 29 | issue = 7 | pages = 2739–2745 | date = July 2009 | pmid = 19596954 }}</ref><ref name="pmid19596936">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hazama S, Watanabe S, Ohashi M, Yagi M, Suzuki M, Matsuda K, Yamamoto T, Suga Y, Suga T, Nakazawa S, Oka M | display-authors = 6 | title = Efficacy of orally administered superfine dispersed lentinan (beta-1,3-glucan) for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer | journal = Anticancer Research | volume = 29 | issue = 7 | pages = 2611–2617 | date = July 2009 | pmid = 19596936 | url = http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/29/7/2611.full }}</ref><ref name="pmid19579640">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kataoka H, Shimura T, Mizoshita T, Kubota E, Mori Y, Mizushima T, Wada T, Ogasawara N, Tanida S, Sasaki M, Togawa S, Sano H, Hirata Y, Ikai M, Mochizuki H, Seno K, Itoh S, Kawai T, Joh T | display-authors = 6 | title = Lentinan with S-1 and paclitaxel for gastric cancer chemotherapy improve patient quality of life | journal = Hepato-Gastroenterology | volume = 56 | issue = 90 | pages = 547–550 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19579640 }}</ref><ref name="pmid19579616">{{cite journal | vauthors = Isoda N, Eguchi Y, Nukaya H, Hosho K, Suga Y, Suga T, Nakazawa S, Sugano K | display-authors = 6 | title = Clinical efficacy of superfine dispersed lentinan (beta-1,3-glucan) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma | journal = Hepato-Gastroenterology | volume = 56 | issue = 90 | pages = 437–441 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19579616 }}</ref><ref name="pmid19453066">{{cite journal | vauthors = Shimizu K, Watanabe S, Watanabe S, Matsuda K, Suga T, Nakazawa S, Shiratori K | title = Efficacy of oral administered superfine dispersed lentinan for advanced pancreatic cancer | journal = Hepato-Gastroenterology | volume = 56 | issue = 89 | pages = 240–244 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19453066 }}</ref> however, evidence of ] is lacking.<ref name="webmd">{{cite web|title=Lentinan|url=http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-763-lentinan.aspx?activeingredientid=763&activeingredientname=lentinan|publisher=]|access-date=June 10, 2017}}</ref><ref name="MSKCC">{{cite web|title=Lentinan|url=https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/lentinan|publisher=]|access-date=June 10, 2017}}</ref>
	{{Cite journal
	| author = Ng ML, Yap AT.
	| title = Inhibition of human colon carcinoma development by lentinan from shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes).
	| journal = J Altern Complement Med.
	| volume = 8
	| issue = 5
	| pages = 581–9
	| publisher =
	| location = National University of Singapore
	| year = 2002
	| month = Oct
	| doi = 10.1089/107555302320825093
	| pmid = 12470439
	| postscript = <!--None-->
	}}</ref>
			===Adverse effects===
	Limited clinical studies of cancer patients have associated lentinan with a higher survival rate, higher quality of life, and lower re-occurrence of cancer.<ref name="pmid = 18670743">
			Lentinan has been reported to cause ].<ref name="Nakamura">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nakamura T | title = Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) dermatitis | journal = Contact Dermatitis | volume = 27 | issue = 2 | pages = 65–70 | date = August 1992 | pmid = 1395630 | doi = 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05211.x | s2cid = 7320474 | doi-access = }}</ref>
	{{Cite journal
	| author = Yang P, Liang M, Zhang Y, Shen B.
	| title = Clinical application of a combination therapy of lentinan, multi-electrode RFA and TACE in HCC.
	| journal = Adv Ther.
	| volume = 25
	| issue = 8
	| pages = 787–94
	| publisher =
	| location =
	| year = 2008
	| month = Aug
	| doi = 10.1007/s12325-008-0079-x
	| pmid = 18670743
	| postscript = <!--None-->
	}}</ref><ref name="pmid = 16897983">
	{{Cite journal
	| author = Nimura H, Mitsumori N, Takahashi N,
	| title =
	| journal = Gan to Kagaku Ryoho.
	| volume = 33
	| issue = 1
	| pages = 106–9
	| publisher =
	| location =
	| year = 2006
	| month = Jun
	| doi =
	| pmid = 16897983
	| issn =
	| postscript = <!--None-->
	}}</ref><ref name="pmid = 10522061">
	{{Cite journal
	| author = Nakano H, Namatame K, Nemoto H, Motohashi H, Nishiyama K, Kumada K.
	| title = A multi-institutional prospective study of lentinan in advanced gastric cancer patients with unresectable and recurrent diseases: effect on prolongation of survival and improvement of quality of life. Kanagawa Lentinan Research Group.
	| journal = Hepatogastroenterology.
	| volume = 46
	| issue = 28
	| pages = 2662–8
	| publisher =
	| location =
	| year = 1999
	| month =
	| doi =
	| pmid = 10522061
	| issn =
	| postscript = <!--None-->
	}}</ref><ref name="pmid19596954">{{cite journal |author=Oba K, Kobayashi M, Matsui T, Kodera Y, Sakamoto J |title=Individual Patient Based Meta-analysis of Lentinan for Unresectable/Recurrent Gastric Cancer |journal=Anticancer Res. |volume=29 |issue=7 |pages=2739–45 |year=2009 |month=July |pmid=19596954 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19596936">{{cite journal |author=Hazama S, Watanabe S, Ohashi M, ''et al.'' |title=Efficacy of Orally Administered Superfine Dispersed Lentinan ({beta}-1,3-Glucan) for the Treatment of Advanced Colorectal Cancer |journal=Anticancer Res. |volume=29 |issue=7 |pages=2611–7 |year=2009 |month=July |pmid=19596936 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19579640">{{cite journal |author=Kataoka H, Shimura T, Mizoshita T, ''et al.'' |title=Lentinan with S-1 and paclitaxel for gastric cancer chemotherapy improve patient quality of life |journal=Hepatogastroenterology |volume=56 |issue=90 |pages=547–50 |year=2009 |pmid=19579640 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19579616">{{cite journal |author=Isoda N, Eguchi Y, Nukaya H, ''et al.'' |title=Clinical efficacy of superfine dispersed lentinan (beta-1,3-glucan) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma |journal=Hepatogastroenterology |volume=56 |issue=90 |pages=437–41 |year=2009 |pmid=19579616 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19453066">{{cite journal |author=Shimizu K, Watanabe S, Watanabe S, ''et al.'' |title=Efficacy of oral administered superfine dispersed lentinan for advanced pancreatic cancer |journal=Hepatogastroenterology |volume=56 |issue=89 |pages=240–4 |year=2009 |pmid=19453066 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
	==See also==		== See also ==
	*]		*]
	*]
	*Smith JE, Rowan NJ, Sullivan R ], 2001
	*Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center's page for .
	== References ==		== References ==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist|30em}}
	== External links ==		== External links ==
	* effects (antitumor and others)		* effects (antitumor and others)
			*Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center's page for .
	{{Immunostimulants}}		{{Immunostimulants}}
	{{Carbohydrates}}		{{Carbohydrates}}
			]
	]		]
	]
	{{antineoplastic-drug-stub}}
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]