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Revision as of 20:41, 9 August 2011 editCheMoBot (talk | contribs)Bots141,565 edits Updating {{chembox}} (no changed fields - added verified revid - updated 'ChemSpiderID_Ref', 'DrugBank_Ref', 'UNII_Ref', 'ChEMBL_Ref', 'ChEBI_Ref', 'KEGG_Ref', 'StdInChI_Ref', 'StdInChIKey_Ref', 'ChEBI_Ref') per [[Misplaced Pages:WikiProject Chemicals/Chem← Previous edit		Latest revision as of 18:48, 7 September 2024 edit undo2600:1010:a01a:c69b:2ff5:67c1:8bd4:72f (talk) →Nutritional information: Converted kilojoules to joules (original value was correct, but joules are more intuitive than kilojoules for this range)
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			{{Short description|Sugar alcohol used as a sweetener}}
			{{Use American English|date=January 2024}}
			{{Hatnote group|
			{{Distinguish|Maltol}}
			{{For|"malt sugar"|Maltose}}}}
	{{chembox		{{chembox
			| Verifiedfields = changed
⚫	| verifiedrevid = 443931452
			| Watchedfields = changed
		⚫	| verifiedrevid = 443933183
	| Name = Maltitol		| Name = Maltitol
	| ImageFile = Maltitol.svg		| ImageFile = Maltitol.svg
	<!-- | ImageSize = 200px -->		| ImageSize = 200px
	| ImageName = Chemical structure of maltitol		| ImageName = Chemical structure of maltitol
	| IUPACName = 4-O-α-<small>D</small>-Glucopyranosyl-<small>D</small>-glucitol		| IUPACName = 4-''O''-α-<small>D</small>-Glucopyranosyl-<small>D</small>-glucitol
	| OtherNames = Amalty<br />Maltitol<br />Maltisorb<br />Maltisweet
	| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers		| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
	| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}		| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
	| CASNo = 585-88-6		| CASNo = 585-88-6
			| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
			| ChEMBL = 63558
	| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}		| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
	| UNII = D65DG142WK		| UNII = D65DG142WK
	| SMILES = OC(O)(O)((O)CO)()O<br />1O(CO)(O)(O)1O		| SMILES = OC(O)(O)((O)CO)()O1O(CO)(O)(O)1O
			| PubChem = 493591
			| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
			| ChemSpiderID = 432001
			| InChI = 1/C12H24O11/c13-1-4(16)7(18)11(5(17)2-14)23-12-10(21)9(20)8(19)6(3-15)22-12/h4-21H,1-3H2/t4-,5+,6+,7+,8+,9-,10+,11+,12+/m0/s1
			| InChIKey = VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYBZ
			| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
			| StdInChI = 1S/C12H24O11/c13-1-4(16)7(18)11(5(17)2-14)23-12-10(21)9(20)8(19)6(3-15)22-12/h4-21H,1-3H2/t4-,5+,6+,7+,8+,9-,10+,11+,12+/m0/s1
			| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
			| StdInChIKey = VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N
	}}		}}
	| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties		| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
	| Formula = C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>24</sub>O<sub>11</sub>		| C=12|H=24|O=11
	| MolarMass = 344.31 g/mol		| Density =
		⚫	| MeltingPtC = 145
	| Density = ? g/cm<sup>3</sup>
⚫	| MeltingPt = 145 °C
	}}		}}
	}}		}}
	'''Maltitol''' is a ] (a ]) used as a ]. It has 75-90% of the sweetness of ] (table sugar) and nearly identical properties, except for browning. It is used to replace table sugar because it has fewer ], does not promote tooth decay, and has a somewhat lesser effect on blood glucose. In chemical terms, maltitol is known as '''4-O-α-glucopyranosyl-<small>D</small>-sorbitol'''. It is known under trade names such as '''Maltisorb''', '''Maltisweet''' '''and Lesys.'''		'''Maltitol''' is a ] (a ]) used as a ] and ]. It has 75–90% of the sweetness of ] (table sugar) and nearly identical properties, except for ]. It is used to replace table sugar because it is half as ], does not promote tooth decay, and has a somewhat lesser effect on ]. In chemical terms, maltitol is known as '''4-''O''-α-glucopyranosyl-{{sc|D}}-sorbitol'''. It is used in commercial products under trade names such as Lesys, Maltisweet and SweetPearl.<ref name=Ullmann>{{cite book |doi=10.1002/14356007.a25_413.pub3 |chapter=Sugar Alcohols |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |year=2012 |last1=Schiweck |first1=Hubert |last2=Bär |first2=Albert |last3=Vogel |first3=Roland |last4=Schwarz |first4=Eugen |last5=Kunz |first5=Markwart |last6=Dusautois |first6=Cécile |last7=Clement |first7=Alexandre |last8=Lefranc |first8=Caterine |last9=Lüssem |first9=Bernd |last10=Moser |first10=Matthias |last11=Peters |first11=Siegfried |isbn=9783527303854 }}</ref>
	==Production and uses==		==Production and uses==
	Maltitol is a ] produced by Corn Products Specialty Ingredients (formerly SPI Polyols), ], Roquette, and Mitsubishi Shoji Foodtech, among other companies. Maltitol is made by ] of ] obtained from ]. Its high sweetness allows it to be used without being mixed with other sweeteners, and exhibits negligible cooling effect (positive ]) in comparison with other sugar alcohols, and is very similar to the subtle cooling effect of ].<ref>		Maltitol is a ] produced by ] of ] obtained from ]. '''Maltitol syrup''', a ], is produced by hydrogenating ], a mixture of carbohydrates produced from the ]. This product contains between 50% and 80% maltitol by weight. The remainder is mostly ], with a small quantity of other sugar-related substances.<ref>{{Citation
			| title = Application A537 – Reduction in the energy factor assigned to Maltitol: Final Assessment Report
			| publisher = Food Standards Australia New Zealand
			| date = 5 October 2005
			| url = http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/FAR_A537%20Maltitol.pdf
			| access-date = 27 January 2014
			| archive-date = 4 March 2016
			| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035434/http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/applications/documents/FAR_A537%20Maltitol.pdf
			| url-status = live
			}}</ref>
			Maltitol's high ] allows it to be used without being mixed with other sweeteners. It exhibits a negligible ] (positive ]) in comparison with other ]s, similar to the subtle cooling effect of ].<ref>
	{{Cite book		{{Cite book
	| isbn = 1556526970, 9781556526978		| isbn = 9781556526978
			| pages =
	| pages = 86
	| last = Field		| last = Field
	| first = Simon Quellen		| first = Simon Quellen
	| coauthors = Simon Field		| author2 = Simon Field
	| title = Why There's Antifreeze in Your Toothpaste		| title = Why There's Antifreeze in Your Toothpaste
	| date = 2007		| date = 2007
			| publisher = Chicago Review Press
			| url = https://archive.org/details/whytheresantifre0000fiel/page/86
	}}</ref>		}}</ref>
	It is used especially in production of sweets: sugarless ], ], ]s, baked goods, and ]. The pharmaceutical industry uses maltitol as an ], where it is used as a low-calorie sweetening agent. Its similarity to ] allows it to be used in syrups with the advantage that ] (which may cause bottle caps to stick) is less likely. Maltitol may also be used as a ] in gelatin capsules, as an ], and as a ].<ref></ref>		It is used in candy manufacture, particularly sugar-free ], ], ]s, ]s, and ]. The pharmaceutical industry uses maltitol as an ], where it is used as a low-calorie sweetening agent. Its similarity to ] allows it to be used in syrups with the advantage that ] (which may cause bottle caps to stick) is less likely. Maltitol may also be used as a ] in ]s, as an ], and as a ].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cargillexcipients.com/index.php?id=14 |title=Cargill:Products and Services |access-date=2009-02-18 |archive-date=2007-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812231653/http://www.cargillexcipients.com/index.php?id=14 |url-status=live }}</ref>
			==Nutritional information==
			Maltitol provides between {{convert|2|and(-)|3|cal/g|J/g|abbr=~|lk=on|sigfig=1}}.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.2337/diacare.25.1.148 | journal = Diabetes Care | date = 2002 | volume = 25 | issue = 1 | pages = 148–198 | title = Evidence-Based Nutrition Principles and Recommendations for the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetes and Related Complications | url = http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/25/1/148.full.pdf+html | last1 = Franz | first1 = M. J. | last2 = Bantle | first2 = J. P. | last3 = Beebe | first3 = C. A. | last4 = Brunzell | first4 = J. D. | last5 = Chiasson | first5 = J.-L. | last6 = Garg | first6 = A. | last7 = Holzmeister | first7 = L. A. | last8 = Hoogwerf | first8 = B. | last9 = Mayer-Davis | first9 = E. | last10 = Mooradian | first10 = A. D. | last11 = Purnell | first11 = J. Q. | last12 = Wheeler | first12 = M. | pmid = 11772915 | doi-access = free | access-date = 2015-04-28 | archive-date = 2016-10-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161020185251/http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/25/1/148.full.pdf+html | url-status = live }}</ref> Maltitol is largely unaffected by human digestive enzymes and is fermented by ], with about 15% of the ingested maltitol excreted unchanged in the feces.<ref name="oku91">{{cite journal |last1=Oku |first1=T. |last2=Akiba |first2=M. |last3=Lee |first3=M. H. |last4=Moon |first4=S. J. |last5=Hosoya |first5=N. |title=Metabolic fate of ingested -maltitol in man |journal=Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology |date=October 1991 |volume=37 |issue=5 |pages=529–44 |pmid=1802977 |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jnsv1973/37/5/37_5_529/_pdf |access-date=21 February 2019 |doi=10.3177/jnsv.37.529 |doi-access=free |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528232826/https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jnsv1973/37/5/37_5_529/_pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
	==Chemical properties==		==Chemical properties==
	Maltitol in its crystallized form measures the same (bulk) as table sugar and ] and caramelizes in a manner very similar to that of sucrose after liquifying by exposure to intense heat. The crystallized form is readily dissolved in warm liquids (120F/48.9C and above); the powdered form is preferred if room temperature or cold liquids are used. Due to its sucrose-like structure, maltitol is easy to produce and made commercially available in crystallized, powdered, and syrup forms.		Maltitol in its crystallized form measures the same (bulk) as table sugar and ] and ]s in a manner similar to that of ] after liquifying from being heated. The crystallized form is readily dissolved in warm liquids (≈&nbsp;{{Convert|120|F|C|order=flip|sigfig=1}} and above); the powdered form is preferred if room-temperature or cold liquids are used. Due to its sucrose-like structure, maltitol is easy to produce and made commercially available in crystallized, powdered, and syrup forms.
	It is not metabolized by oral bacteria, so it does not promote ]. It is somewhat more slowly absorbed than sucrose, which makes it somewhat more suitable for people with ] than ]. Its ] value is 2.1 calories (Cal) per gram (8.8 ]/]); (sucrose is 4.0 Cal/g (16.7 kJ/g)).		It is not metabolized by ], so it does not promote ].<ref name=Ullmann/> It is more slowly absorbed than sucrose, a desirable property for ].
			==Effects on digestion==
	==Laxative effect==
			Like other ] (with the possible exception of ]), maltitol has a ] effect,<ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405195511/http://www.cargillfoods.com/emea/en/products/sweeteners/polyols/maltidex-maltitol/health-benefits/index.jsp |date=2016-04-05 }}. Cargill – Food and Beverage Ingredients.</ref> typically causing ] at a daily consumption above about 90&nbsp;g.<ref>{{cite journal| pmid=12548293 | doi=10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601516 | volume=57 | title=A digestive tolerance study of maltitol after occasional and regular consumption in healthy humans | year=2003 | journal=Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. | pages=26–30 | last1 = Ruskoné-Fourmestraux | first1 = A. | last2 = Attar | first2 = A. | last3 = Chassard | first3 = D. | last4 = Coffin | first4 = B. | last5 = Bornet | first5 = F. | last6 = Bouhnik | first6 = Y.| s2cid=6975213 | issue=1 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Doses of about 40&nbsp;g may cause mild ] (stomach and bowel sounds) and ].<ref>{{cite journal| pmc=5093271 | pmid=27840639 | doi=10.1155/2016/5967907 | volume=2016 | title=Gastrointestinal Disturbances Associated with the Consumption of Sugar Alcohols with Special Consideration of Xylitol: Scientific Review and Instructions for Dentists and Other Health-Care Professionals | year=2016 | journal=Int. J. Dent. | page=5967907 | last1 = Mäkinen | first1 = K. K.| doi-access=free }}</ref>
	Not unlike other sugar alcohols (with the exception of ]), maltitol (when consumed in large quantities or at a particularly high concentration) can have a ] effect.<ref>http://www.turkeymonkey.com/2004/07/22/maltitol-a-sweetener-and-a-laxative-in-one/</ref>
	==Government warnings==		==See also==
			* ]
	In countries such as Australia, Canada, Norway, and New Zealand, maltitol carries a mandatory warning such as "Excessive consumption may have a laxative effect." In the United States, it is a ] (GRAS) substance, with a recommendation of a warning about its laxative potential when consumed at levels above 100 grams per day.
			* ]
	==References==		==References==
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	==External links==		==External links==
			*{{Commonscatinline}}
	*
			* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708222621/http://www.caloriecontrol.org/sweeteners-and-lite/polyols/maltitol |date=2015-07-08 }}, Calorie Control Council
	*
	* , at All About Sweeteners
			{{Alcohols}}
	{{E number infobox 950-969}}		{{E number infobox 950-969}}
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