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{{Short description|Chemical compound}} |
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{{Chembox |
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{{Chembox |
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| verifiedrevid = 431916363 |
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| Name = Manganese(VII) oxide |
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| verifiedrevid = 450876772 |
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| ImageFile1 = Mn2O7.png |
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| Name = Manganese(VII) oxide |
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| ImageSize1 = |
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| ImageFile = Mn2O7.svg |
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| ImageName1 = Manganese(VII) oxide |
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| ImageSize = |
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| ImageFile2 = Manganese-heptoxide-3D-balls.png |
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| ImageName = Manganese(VII) oxide |
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| ImageSize2 = |
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| ImageName2 = Ball-and-stick model of manganese heptoxide |
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| ImageFile1 = Manganese-heptoxide-3D-balls.png |
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| ImageSize1 = |
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| ImageFile3 = Manganese heptoxide.jpg |
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| ImageName1 = Ball-and-stick model of manganese heptoxide |
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| ImageName3 = Manganese(VII) oxide |
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| IUPACName = Manganese(VII) oxide |
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| ImageFile2 = Manganese-heptoxide-3D-vdW.png |
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| ImageName2 = Manganese(VII) oxide |
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| OtherNames = Permanganic acid<br />Manganic oxide<br /> dimanganese heptoxide |
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| ImageFile3 = Manganese_heptoxide.jpg |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| ImageName3 = |
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| SMILES = O=(O=)(O=)MnOMn(=O)(=O)=O |
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| IUPACName = Manganese(VII) oxide |
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| CASNo = 12057-92-0 |
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| OtherNames = Manganic oxide<br /> dimanganese heptoxide<br/>Permanganic anhydride<br /> Permanganic oxide |
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| RTECS = |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} |
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| Formula = Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> |
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| CASNo = 12057-92-0 |
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| MolarMass = 221.87 g/mol |
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| ChemSpiderID = 9944714 |
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| Appearance = dark red oil (room temp.), green if in contact with sulfuric acid |
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| EINECS = 235-025-8 |
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| Density = 2.79 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| PubChem = 13879826 |
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| Solubility = decomposes to permanganic acid, HMnO4 |
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| StdInChI=1S/2Mn.7O/q;;7*-2 |
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| MeltingPt = 5.9 °C, 279.1 K |
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| StdInChIKey = ZEFXULJEOUCCOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| BoilingPt = explodes on heating<br /> sublimes at −10 °C |
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| SMILES = O=(=O)(=O)O(=O)(=O)=O |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
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| Coordination = bitetrahedral |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| CrystalStruct = monoclinic |
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| Formula = Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> |
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| MolarMass = 221.87 g/mol |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| Appearance = dark red oil (room temp.), green if in contact with sulfuric acid |
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| ExternalMSDS = |
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| Density = 2.79 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| MainHazards = explosive, strong oxidizer, very corrosive |
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| Solubility = decomposes to ], HMnO4 |
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| RPhrases = |
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| MeltingPtC = 5.9 |
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| BoilingPt = explodes on heating |
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| Section8 = {{Chembox Related |
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| OtherCpds = ] ]<br /> ] |
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| Coordination = bitetrahedral |
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| CrystalStruct = monoclinic |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| ExternalSDS = |
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| MainHazards = explosive, strong oxidizer, very corrosive |
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| GHSPictograms = {{GHS01}}{{GHS03}}{{GHS05}}{{GHS06}} |
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| GHSSignalWord = Danger |
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| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|201}}, {{H-phrases|271}}, {{H-phrases|314}}, {{H-phrases|300+310+330}} |
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| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|260}}, {{P-phrases|284}}, {{P-phrases|283}}, {{P-phrases|221}} |
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| NFPA-H = 4 |
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| NFPA-F = 4 |
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| NFPA-R = 4 |
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| NFPA-S = OX |
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| Section8 = {{Chembox Related |
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| OtherCompounds = ]<br /> ]<br /> ]<br /> ] |
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'''Manganese(VII) oxide''' is an ] with the ] Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>. This volatile liquid is highly reactive and more often discussed than intentionally prepared. It is a dangerous oxidizer and was first described in 1860.<ref>Aschoff, H. Ann. Phys. Chem. Ser. 2 volume 111 (1860) page 217 and page 224.</ref> |
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'''Manganese(VII) oxide''' (manganese heptoxide) is an ] with the ] {{chem2|]2]7}} Manganese heptoxide is a volatile liquid with an oily consistency. It is a highly reactive and powerful ] that reacts explosively with nearly any ]. It was first described in 1860.<ref>Aschoff, H. Ann. Phys. Chem. Ser. 2 volume 111 (1860) page 217 and page 224.</ref> It is the ] of ]. |
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== Properties == |
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== Properties == |
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The ] form of this chemical compound is dark green. The liquid is green by reflected light and red by transmitted light.<ref name=brauer>{{cite book|author=H. Lux|chapter=Manganese(VII) Oxide|title=Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. |editor=G. Brauer|publisher=Academic Press|year=1963|place=NY, NY|volume=1|pages=1459–1460}}</ref> It is soluble in ], and decomposes when in contact with water. |
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The ] form of this chemical compound is dark green. It is soluble in ], and decomposes when in contact with water. It melts at only 5.9 °C, and sublimes at −10 °C{{Clarify|date=June 2010}}. These properties indicate a ] molecular species, which is confirmed by its structure. The molecules consist of a pair of tetrahedra that share a common vertex. The vertices are occupied by oxygen atoms and at the centers of the tetrahedra are the Mn(VII) centers. The connectivity is indicated by the formula O<sub>3</sub>Mn-O-MnO<sub>3</sub>. The terminal Mn-O distances are 1.585 Å and the bridging oxygen is 1.77 Å distant from the two Mn atoms. The Mn-O-Mn angle is 120.7°.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Simon, A.; Dronskowski, R.; Krebs, B.; Hettich, B. | title = The Crystal Structure of Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> | journal = ] | year = 1987 | volume = 26 | pages = 139–140 | doi = 10.1002/anie.198701391}}</ref> |
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==Structure== |
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It contains manganese in its highest oxidation state. This oxidation state, +7, is shared by ]s, which are more stable compounds. |
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Its solubility properties indicate a ] molecular species, which is confirmed by its structure. The molecules consist of a pair of ] that share a common vertex. The vertices are occupied by oxygen atoms and at the centers of the tetrahedra are the Mn(VII) centers. The connectivity is indicated by the formula O<sub>3</sub>Mn−O−MnO<sub>3</sub>. The terminal Mn−O distances are 1.585 Å and the bridging oxygen is 1.77 Å distant from the two Mn atoms. The Mn−O−Mn angle is 120.7°.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Simon, A. |author2=Dronskowski, R. |author3=Krebs, B. |author4=Hettich, B. | title = The Crystal Structure of Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> | journal = ] | year = 1987 | volume = 26 |issue=2 | pages = 139–140 | doi = 10.1002/anie.198701391}}</ref> |
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Pyrosulfate, pyrophosphate, and dichromate adopt structures similar to that of Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>. Probably the most similar main group species is ]. Focusing on comparisons within the transition metal series, ] and Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> are structurally similar but the Tc-O-Tc angle is 180°. Solid ] is not molecular but consists of crosslinked Re centers with both tetrahedral and octahedral sites,<ref>{{cite journal | author = Krebs, B.; Mueller, A.; Beyer, H. H. | title = The Crystal Structure of Rhenium(VII) Oxide | journal = ] | year = 1969 | volume = 8 | pages = 436–443 | doi = 10.1021/ic50073a006}}</ref> in the vapour phase it is molecular with a similar structure to Tc<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>.<ref>Wells A.F. (1962) ''Structural Inorganic Chemistry'' 3d edition Oxford University Press</ref> |
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], ], and ] adopt structures similar to that of {{chem2|Mn2O7}}. Probably the most similar main group species is {{chem2|]}}. Focusing on comparisons within the transition metal series, {{chem2|]}} and {{chem2|Mn2O7}} are structurally similar but the Tc−O−Tc angle is 180°. Solid {{chem2|]}} is not molecular but consists of crosslinked Re centers with both tetrahedral and octahedral sites;<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Krebs, B. |author2=Mueller, A. |author3=Beyer, H. H. | title = The Crystal Structure of Rhenium(VII) Oxide | journal = ] | year = 1969 | volume = 8 |issue=3 | pages = 436–443 | doi = 10.1021/ic50073a006}}</ref> in the vapour phase it is molecular with a similar structure to Tc<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>.<ref>Wells A.F. (1962) ''Structural Inorganic Chemistry'' 3d edition Oxford University Press</ref> |
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== Synthesis and reactions == |
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== Synthesis and reactions == |
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Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> arises as a dark green oil by the addition of concentrated ] to ]. The reaction initially produces permanganic acid, HMnO<sub>4</sub> (structurally, HOMnO<sub>3</sub>), which is dehydrated by sulfuric acid to form its ], Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>. |
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{{chem2|Mn2O7}} arises as a dark green oil by the addition of cold concentrated {{chem2|]}} to solid {{chem2|]}}.<ref name=brauer/> The reaction initially produces ], {{chem2|HMnO4}} (structurally, {{chem2|HOMnO3}}), which is dehydrated by cold sulfuric acid to form its ], {{chem2|Mn2O7}}: |
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:{{chem2|2 KMnO4 + 2 H2SO4 -> Mn2O7 + H2O + 2 KHSO4}} |
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:2 KMnO<sub>4</sub> +(cold) 2 H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> → Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O + 2 KHSO<sub>4</sub> |
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Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> can react further with sulfuric acid to give the remarkable cation MnO<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>, which is ] with ]:{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}} |
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{{chem2|Mn2O7}} can react further with sulfuric acid to give the remarkable manganyl(VII) cation {{chem2|MnO3+}}, which is ] with {{chem2|]}}: |
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:{{chem2|Mn2O7 + 2 H2SO4 -> 2 +- + H2O}} |
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{{chem2|Mn2O7}} decomposes near room temperature, explosively so above {{convert|55|C}}. The explosion can be initiated by striking the sample or by its exposure to oxidizable organic compounds. The products are {{chem2|]}} and {{chem2|]}}.<ref>Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. {{ISBN|0-12-352651-5}}.</ref> ] is also produced, giving a strong smell to the substance. The ozone can spontaneously ignite a piece of paper impregnated with an alcohol solution.{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}} |
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:Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> → 2 {{chem||+||-}} + H<sub>2</sub>O |
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Manganese heptoxide reacts with ] in presence of ], liberating ] and ]: |
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Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> decomposes near room temperature, explosively so at > 55 °C. The explosion can be initiated by striking the sample or by its exposure to oxidizable organic compounds. The products are ] and ].<ref>Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.</ref> ] is also produced, giving a strong smell to the substance. The ozone can spontaneously ignite a piece of paper impregnated with an alcohol solution. The production of manganese heptoxide is an undesirable byproduct in many situations.{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}} |
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:{{chem2|2 Mn2O7 + 2 ] + 4 ] -> 4 ] + 6 ] + 2 ] + 3 ]}} |
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== References == |
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== References == |
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{{Manganese compounds}} |
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{{Manganese compounds}} |
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{{Oxides}} |
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