| Revision as of 08:04, 12 May 2011 editLamro (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users84,236 edits {{Mercury compounds}}← Previous edit |
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{{redirect|Millon's base|the analytical reagent used to detect the presence of soluble proteins|Millon's reagent}} |
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|verifiedrevid = 428717853 |
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|ImageFile=Mercuric-amidochloride-from-xtal-2000-3D-CM-ellipsoids.png |
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|ImageFile=Mercuric-amidochloride-from-xtal-2000-3D-CM-ellipsoids.png |
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|ImageSize=250px |
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|ImageSize=250px |
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|IUPACName=mercuric azanide chloride |
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|IUPACName=Mercuric azanide chloride |
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|OtherNames=mercuric amidochloride<br />mercury(II) amide chloride<br />mercury(II) amidochloride<br />ammoniated mercury |
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|OtherNames={{ubl|Aminomercuric chloride|Ammoniated mercuric chloride|Ammoniated mercury|Mercuric amidochloride|Mercury(II) amide chloride|Mercury(II) amidochloride|Mercury(II) azanide chloride}} |
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|Section1= {{Chembox Identifiers |
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|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
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| InChI = 1/ClH.Hg.H2N/h1H;;1H2/q;+2;-1/p-1/rClH2HgN/c1-2-3/h3H2 |
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|InChI = 1/ClH.Hg.H2N/h1H;;1H2/q;+2;-1/p-1/rClH2HgN/c1-2-3/h3H2 |
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| InChIKey = WRWRKDRWMURIBI-CUFRCDTJAQ |
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|InChIKey = WRWRKDRWMURIBI-CUFRCDTJAQ |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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|StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChI = 1S/ClH.Hg.H2N/h1H;;1H2/q;+2;-1/p-1 |
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|StdInChI = 1S/ClH.Hg.H2N/h1H;;1H2/q;+2;-1/p-1 |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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|StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = WRWRKDRWMURIBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
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|StdInChIKey = WRWRKDRWMURIBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
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|CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} |
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| CASNo=10124-48-8 |
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|CASNo=10124-48-8 |
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| PubChem=3032553 |
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|PubChem=3032553 |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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|ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID=21106343 |
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|ChemSpiderID=21106343 |
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| SMILES = ClN |
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|SMILES = ClN |
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|UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}} |
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|UNII = JD546Z56F0 |
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
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|Formula={{chem2|Hg(NH2)Cl}} |
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|MolarMass=252.065 g/mol |
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|Appearance=White powder of small prisms<ref name=CRC>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|edition=1st student|publisher=CRC Press|editor-first=Robert C.|editor-last=Weast|location=Boca Raton|isbn=0-8493-0740-6|orig-date=1988|year=1991|lccn=87-26820|url=https://archive.org/details/crchandbookofche01edunse/page/n55|url-access=registration|page=B{{hyphen}}42}}</ref> |
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|Odor=None<ref name=Hawley>{{cite encyclopedia|entry=Mercury, ammoniated|page=657|url=https://archive.org/details/condensedchemica00hawl/page/656/|url-access=registration|title=The Condensed Chemical Dictionary|edition=10th|first=Gessner G.|last=Hawley|publisher=Van Nostrand Reinhold / Litton Educational|location=New York|year=1981|lccn=80-29636|isbn=0-442-23244-6}}</ref> |
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|Density=5.7 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name=CRC/> |
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|BoilingPt_notes=Sublimes<ref name=Merck/> |
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|Solubility=1.4 g/L (cold); decomposes if hot<ref name=CRC/> |
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|SolubleOther=Soluble in warm ], ] and ]s, ]<ref name=Merck>{{cite Merck Index|monograph_id=m817|title=Mercuric Chloride, Ammoniated}} As cited in {{wikicite|reference="", ] entry #1175|ref=HSDB}}.</ref> or ] solution; insoluble in ]<ref name=Hawley /> |
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|Section6={{Chembox Pharmacology |
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|ATCCode_prefix = D08 |
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|ATCCode_suffix = AK01 |
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|Section7={{Chembox Hazards |
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|GHSPictograms={{GHS06}}{{GHS08}}{{GHS09}} |
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|GHSSignalWord=Danger |
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|HPhrases={{H-phrases|H300|H310|H330|H373|H410}} |
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|PPhrases={{P-phrases|P260|P262|P264|P270|P271|P273|P280|P284|P301+P316|P302+P352|P304+P340|P316|P319|P320|P321|P330|P361+P364|P391|P403+P233|P405|P501}} |
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|GHS_ref=<ref>]. in ''Classification and Labeling'' database. Accessed 22 April 2024.</ref> |
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|FlashPt_notes=Non-combustible |
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|LD50={{ubl|86 mg/kg (rat, oral)|1325 mg/kg (rat, skin)|7.5 mg/kg (mouse, intraperitoneal)|68 mg/kg (mouse, oral)}} |
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|Section8={{Chembox Related |
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|OtherCompounds={{ubl|]|]|]|]|]|]|]}} |
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|Section2= {{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula=ClH<sub>2</sub>HgN |
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| MolarMass=252.065 |
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| Appearance= |
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| Density=5.56 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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|Section3= {{Chembox Hazards |
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'''Mercuric amidochloride''' is an ] with the formula {{chem2|Hg(NH2)Cl|auto=1}}. |
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'''Mercuric amidochloride''' is an ] with the formula HgNH<sub>2</sub>Cl. It consists of a zig-zag 1-dimensional polymer (HgNH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>n</sub> with ] counterions.<ref>Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.</ref><ref>W. N. Lipscomb " The structure of mercuric amidochloride, HgNH<sub>2</sub>Cl" Acta Crystallographica 1951, volume 4, pp. 266-268. {{doi|10.1107/S0365110X51000866}}</ref> It arises from the reaction of ammonia and mercuric chloride. Addition of base converts it into "Millon's base," which has the formula OH(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>x</sub>. A variety of related amido and nitrido materials with chloride, bromide, and hydroxide are known.<ref>Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.</ref> |
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==Preparation and properties== |
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At one time, before the toxicity of mercury was appreciated, this material was considered as ] and ]. |
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It arises from the reaction of ] and ] (Calomel reaction), where the resulting mercuric amidochloride is highly insoluble. |
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It forms white crystals in the shape of small ]. It tastes earthy and ], but is a deadly poison and should not be ingested.<ref name=Hawley/> |
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At the molecular level, it ] as a zig-zag ] ] {{chem2|(HgNH2)_{''n''}|}} with ] counterions.<ref name=Struct>{{Wells5th|pages=1166-1169}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lipscomb |first1=W. N. |year=1951 |title=The structure of mercuric amidochloride, HgNH<sub>2</sub>Cl |journal=Acta Crystallographica |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=266–8 |doi=10.1107/S0365110X51000866|bibcode=1951AcCry...4..266L }}</ref> |
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It is stable in ], but darkens on exposure to ].<ref name=Remington>{{cite book|page=1172|edition=18th|title=Pharmaceutical Sciences|editor-first=Alfonso R.|editor-last=Gennaro|year=1990|publisher=Mack|location=]|lccn=60-53334|isbn=0-912-734-04-3|first=Stewart H.|last=Harvey|chapter=Antimicrobial drugs|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/remingtonspharma0000unse/page/1172|chapter-url-access=registration}}</ref> It does not ], even at ], instead subliming<ref name=Merck/> and decomposing to ], ], and ].<ref>Lewis, R. J. (1996). ''Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials'', 9th ed. Vols. 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold. p. 2121. As cited in ].</ref> Consequently sealed containers with this chemical may explode when heated.<ref name=DOTGdbk>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781680080711|url-access=registration|pages=129, 240–241|year=2016|title=Emergency Response Guidebook|author=North American transport authorities|publisher=J. J. Keller|location=Neenah, WI}}</ref> |
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The substance is a deadly ],<ref name=Hawley/> although not a ].<ref>American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (2008). ''Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices''. Cincinnati, OH. p. 37. As cited in ].</ref> It is toxic unto lethality by inhalation, ingestion or dermal absorption. In lesser cases, it may instead cause ] and ]s<ref name=Remington/> or ] the ].{{failed verification|date=April 2024}} If improperly handled, it may cause dangerous environmental pollution, in ], water bodies, and ].<ref name="pubchem"/> |
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Addition of base converts it into "'''Millon's base'''", named after ], which has the formula {{chem2|Hg2(OH)N*''x''H2O}}. A variety of related amido and nitrido materials with chloride, bromide, and hydroxide are known.<ref>{{Holleman&Wiberg}}</ref>{{page needed|date=December 2014}} |
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==Uses== |
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Before the toxicity of mercury was revealed, mercuric amidochloride, then known as "ammoniated mercury" or "]", was used as a ] skin ], especially for ], ] and other certain dermatoses.<ref name=GenHist>{{cite journal |vauthors=Aberer W, Gerstner G, Pehamberger H |title=Ammoniated mercury ointment: outdated but still in use |journal=Contact Dermatitis |volume=23 |issue=3 |pages=168–71 |date=September 1990 |pmid=2149317 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-0536.1990.tb04778.x|s2cid=20467204 }}</ref> It was also used for scaling in ], to treat ], and against ] and ] infection (especially in dogs), against ] infestation,<ref name=Remington/> against ] on the body and near eyes, against ] infection on ], and as a ].<ref name="pubchem"/><ref name=GenHist/> Chronic use of this medication can lead to systemic ]. Since less toxic medications are available now, to treat those conditions, there is no need to use mercuric amidochloride as a medication anymore.<ref name=Remington/><ref name=GenHist/> |
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==See also== |
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* ], also known as "Mercurochrome", another antiseptic mercury compound |
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* ], another antiseptic mercury compound |
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==References== |
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==References== |
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<references/> |
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<references> |
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<ref name="pubchem">]. "" entry in '']'' (database). Accessed 22 April 2024</ref> |
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</references> |
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{{Mercury compounds}} |
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{{Mercury compounds}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mercuric Amidochloride}} |
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