| Revision as of 13:20, 15 February 2012 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 472786952 of page Mercury(II)_fulminate for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'CASNo'). |
Latest revision as of 17:23, 31 December 2024 edit Scope creep (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Page movers, New page reviewers, Pending changes reviewers143,632 edits →In popular culture: junk trivia sectionTag: Manual revert |
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{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}} |
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{{chembox |
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{{chembox |
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| Verifiedfields = changed |
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| verifiedrevid = 451972717 |
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| Watchedfields = changed |
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| ImageFile = Mercury fulminate.svg |
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| verifiedrevid = 477000105 |
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| ImageFile1 = Mercury-fulminate-3D-balls.png |
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| ImageFile = <chem>{}^{-}O-\overset{+}{N}#C-Hg-C#\overset{+}{N}-O^{-}</chem> |
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| ImageFile1 = Mercury-fulminate-3D-vdW.png |
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| ImageFile2 = Mercury-fulminate-xtal-3D-vdW.png |
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| ImageFile2 = Mercury-fulminate-xtal-3D-vdW.png |
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| ImageFile3 = Mercuryfulminate puryfied.jpg |
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| ImageFile3 = Mercuryfulminate puryfied.jpg |
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| IUPACName = Mercury(II) fulminate |
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| ImageSize = |
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|SystematicName=Dioxycyanomercury |
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| IUPACName = |
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| OtherNames = Fulminated Mercury |
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| OtherNames = Fulminated Mercury |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 9197626 |
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| ChemSpiderID = 9197626 |
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| InChI = 1/2CNO.Hg/c2*1-2-3;/rC2HgN2O2/c6-4-1-3-2-5-7 |
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| InChI = 1/2CNO.Hg/c2*1-2-3;/rC2HgN2O2/c6-4-1-3-2-5-7 |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = MHWLNQBTOIYJJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| StdInChIKey = MHWLNQBTOIYJJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: 628-86-4 --> |
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| CASNo = 628-86-4 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| PubChem = 11022444 |
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| UNII = O8H2ZFF76L |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| PubChem = 11022444 |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI = 39152 |
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| ChEBI = 39152 |
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| SMILES = #CC# |
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| SMILES = #CC# |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = Hg(CNO)<sub>2</sub> |
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| Formula = C<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>Hg |
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| MolarMass = 284.624 g/mol |
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| MolarMass = 284.624 g/mol |
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| Appearance = Grey Crystalline solid |
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| Appearance = Grey, pale brown, or white crystalline solid |
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| Density = 4.43 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| Density = 4.42 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| MeltingPt = |
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| MeltingPtC = 160 |
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| BoilingPt = |
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| BoilingPtC = 356.6 |
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| Solubility = slightly soluble |
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| Solubility = slightly soluble |
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| SolubleOther = soluble in ], ] |
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| SolubleOther = soluble in ], ] |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Explosive |
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|Section3={{Chembox Explosive |
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| ShockSens = High |
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| ShockSens = High |
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| FrictionSens = High |
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| FrictionSens = High |
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| ExplosiveV = 4250 m/s |
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| DetonationV = 4250 m/s |
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| Section4 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| MainHazards = Highly Toxic, Shock Sensitive Explosive |
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| MainHazards = Highly toxic, shock sensitive explosive |
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| FlashPt = |
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| NFPA-H = 4 |
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| NFPA-F = 1 |
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| Autoignition = 180 °C |
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| NFPA-R = 4 |
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| AutoignitionPtC = 170 |
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| AutoignitionPt_notes = |
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'''Mercury(II) fulminate''', or '''Hg(CNO)<sub>2</sub>''', is a ]. It is highly sensitive to ], heat and ] and is mainly used as a trigger for other explosives in ]s and ]s. Mercury(II) cyanate, though its chemical formula is identical, has a different atomic arrangement, making the ] and ] ] ]s. |
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First used as a ] in small copper caps beginning in the 1820s, mercury fulminate quickly replaced ]s as a means to ignite ] charges in ] ]s. Later, during the late 19th century and most of the 20th century, mercury fulminate became widely used in ] for ]; it was the only practical detonator for firing projectiles until the early 20th century.<ref name=wisniak/> Mercury fulminate has the distinct advantage over ] of being non-corrosive, but it is known to weaken with time, by decomposing into its constituent elements. The reduced mercury which results forms amalgams with cartridge brass, weakening it, as well. Today, mercury fulminate has been replaced in primers by more efficient chemical substances. These are non-corrosive, less toxic, and more stable over time; they include ], ], and ] derivatives. In addition, none of these compounds requires ] for manufacture, supplies of which can be unreliable in wartime. |
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==Preparation== |
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Mercury(II) fulminate is prepared by dissolving ] in ] and adding ] to the solution. It was first prepared by ] in 1800.<ref>{{cite journal |
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| title = On a New Fulminating Mercury |
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| author = Edward Howard |
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| journal = ] |
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| year = 1800 |
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| volume = 90 |
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| issue = 1 |
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| pages = 204–238 |
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| doi = 10.1098/rstl.1800.0012 |
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| s2cid = 138658702 |
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}}</ref><ref name=wisniak>{{cite journal | last=Wisniak | first=Jaime | title=Edward Charles Howard. Explosives, meteorites, and sugar | journal=Educación Química | publisher=Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico | volume=23 | issue=2 | year=2012 |language=en| issn=0187-893X | doi=10.1016/s0187-893x(17)30114-3 | pages=230–239| doi-access=free }}</ref> The ] of this compound was determined only in 2007.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=W. Beck |author2=J. Evers |author3=M. Göbel |author4=G. Oehlinger |author5=T. M. Klapötke | title = The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Mercury Fulminate (Knallquecksilber) | year = 2007 | journal = ] | volume = 633 | issue = 9 | pages = 1417–1422 | doi = 10.1002/zaac.200700176| doi-access = free }}</ref> |
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] can be prepared in a similar way, but this ] is even more unstable than mercury fulminate; it can explode even under water and is impossible to accumulate in large amounts because it detonates under its own weight.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Sciences - Fulminating Substances |author= |website=Scientific American |date=11 June 1853 |url= https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/fulminating-substances-1853-06-11/}}</ref> |
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==Decomposition== |
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The thermal decomposition of mercury(II) fulminate can begin at temperatures as low as 100 °C, though it proceeds at a much higher rate with increasing temperature.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1098/rspa.1933.0040|title=Thermal decomposition and detonation of mercury fulminate|author1=W. E. Garner|author2=H. R. Hailes|name-list-style=amp|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London|volume=139|issue=1–3|year=1933|pages=1–40|bibcode=1933CP....334..128S|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
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A possible reaction for the decomposition of mercury(II) fulminate yields ] gas, ] gas, and a combination of relatively stable mercury salts. |
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:4 Hg(CNO)<sub>2</sub> → 2 CO<sub>2</sub> + N<sub>2</sub> + HgO + 3 Hg(OCN)CN |
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:Hg(CNO)<sub>2</sub> → 2 CO + N<sub>2</sub> + Hg |
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:Hg(CNO)<sub>2</sub> → :Hg(OCN)<sub>2</sub> (] or / and ]) |
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:2 Hg(CNO)<sub>2</sub> → 2 CO<sub>2</sub> + N<sub>2</sub> + Hg + Hg(CN)<sub>2</sub> (]) |
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==See also== |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Commons category|Mercury(II) fulminate}} |
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*{{cite news | title = 300 years after discovery, structure of mercury fulminate finally determined | publisher = physorg.com | url = http://www.physorg.com/news107176552.html | date = 24 August 2007}} |
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{{Mercury compounds}} |
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] |
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] |
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] |