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{{Short description|Antibiotic medication}} |
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{{cleanup|date=October 2010}} |
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{{unreferenced|date=October 2010}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}} |
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{{cs1 config |name-list-style=vanc |display-authors=6}} |
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{{Drugbox |
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{{Drugbox |
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| verifiedrevid = 451519324 |
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| verifiedrevid = 451520946 |
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| drug_name = Neosporin |
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<!--Combo data--> |
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| type = combo |
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| type = combo |
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| image = Neosporin.jpg |
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| component1 = Polymyxin B |
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| caption = ] of triple antibiotic ointment |
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<!-- Combo data --> |
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| component1 = Polymyxin B sulfate |
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| class1 = ] |
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| class1 = ] |
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| component2 = Neomycin |
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| component2 = Neomycin sulfate |
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| class2 = ] |
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| class2 = Antibiotic |
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| component3 = Bacitracin |
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| component3 = Bacitracin zinc |
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| class3 = ] |
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| class3 = Antibiotic |
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| component4 = <!-- Drugname, automatically linked --> |
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| class4 = <!-- Group, manual link using ] --> |
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<!--Clinical data--> |
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<!-- Clinical data --> |
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| tradename = |
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| tradename = Neosporin, others |
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| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|CONS|neosporin}} |
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| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|ppa|bacitracin-neomycin-and-polymyxin-b-topical}} |
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| MedlinePlus = a601098 |
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| licence_EU = <!-- EMEA requires brand name --> |
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| DailyMedID = Neomycin and polymyxin b and bacitracin |
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| licence_US = Neosporin |
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| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> |
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| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> |
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| pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X --> |
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| pregnancy_category = |
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| pregnancy_category = |
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| routes_of_administration = ], ] |
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| ATC_prefix = A07 |
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| ATC_suffix = AA51 |
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| ATC_supplemental = |
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| legal_AU = |
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| legal_AU = |
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| legal_CA = <!-- Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> |
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| legal_CA = <!-- Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII --> |
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| legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C --> |
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| legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C --> |
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| legal_US = OTC |
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| legal_US = OTC |
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| legal_US_comment = / Rx-only |
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| legal_status = |
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| legal_status = |
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| dependency_liability = |
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| routes_of_administration = ] |
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<!--Identifiers--> |
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<!--Identifiers--> |
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| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} |
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| CAS_number = |
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| ATC_prefix = |
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| CAS_number = 8057-37-2 |
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| ATC_suffix = |
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| ATC_supplemental = |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChI = 1S/C66H103N17O16S/c1-9-35(6)52(69)66-81-48(32-100-66)63(97)76-43(26-34(4)5)59(93)74-42(22-23-50(85)86)58(92)83-53(36(7)10-2)64(98)75-40-20-15-16-25-71-55(89)46(29-49(68)84)78-62(96)47(30-51(87)88)79-61(95)45(28-39-31-70-33-72-39)77-60(94)44(27-38-18-13-12-14-19-38)80-65(99)54(37(8)11-3)82-57(91)41(21-17-24-67)73-56(40)90/h12-14,18-19,31,33-37,40-48,52-54H,9-11,15-17,20-30,32,67,69H2,1-8H3,(H2,68,84)(H,70,72)(H,71,89)(H,73,90)(H,74,93)(H,75,98)(H,76,97)(H,77,94)(H,78,96)(H,79,95)(H,80,99)(H,82,91)(H,83,92)(H,85,86)(H,87,88)/t35?,36?,37?,40-,41+,42+,43-,44+,45-,46-,47+,48?,52?,53-,54-/m0/s1 |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = CLKOFPXJLQSYAH-NVOBBBONSA-N |
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| PubChem = |
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| PubChem = |
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| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} |
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| DrugBank = |
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| DrugBank = |
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| KEGG = D02531 |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 10481985 |
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| ChemSpiderID = 10481985 |
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}} |
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}} |
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<!-- Definition and medical uses --> |
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'''Neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin''', also known as '''triple antibiotic ointment''', is an antibiotic medication used to reduce the risk of ] following minor skin injuries.<ref name=Daily2019>{{cite web |title= neomycin, bacitracin, polymyxin B ointment |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=26c6ab3e-f4a7-48ea-8b83-fef9d1290638 |website= dailymed.nlm.nih.gov| publisher= National Institutes of Health| location= US |access-date=19 April 2019}}</ref><ref name= "FDA2019Eye">{{cite web| title=Neomycin and polymyxin B sulfates and bacitracin zinc ophthalmic ointment|url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2004/50417slr011_neosporin_lbl.pdf|access-date=19 April 2019| publisher=U.S. ] | website= FDA.gov}}</ref> It contains the three antibiotics ], ], and ].<ref name=Daily2019/> It is for ] use.<ref name="pmid17914912" /><ref name="Zintel">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zintel HA, Ma RA | title = The absorption, distribution, excretion and toxicity of bacitracin in man | journal = The American Journal of the Medical Sciences | volume = 218 | issue = 4 | pages = 439–445 | date = October 1949 | pmid = 18140540 | doi = 10.1097/00000441-194910000-00012 | s2cid = 2371497 }}</ref> |
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] |
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'''Neosporin''' (from '']'', (Greek) new + '']'', (Greek) seed) is the product branding & formulas now owned by ] of an ] over-the-counter topical created under ], now a part of ]. It is used in the prevention and fighting of ] and speeding the healing of ]s, although the use of antibiotics has raised common concerns. |
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<!-- Side effects and mechanism --> |
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The original ointment contains three different antibiotics: ], ], and ], in a relatively low molecular weight patented base of cocoa butter, cottonseed oil, sodium pyruvate, tocopheryl acetate, and ]. |
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Possible side effects include itchiness and ],<ref name=CONS2019/> and in rare cases ].<ref name=CONS2019/> It is relatively ], being effective against both ] and ] bacteria.<ref name=FDA2019Eye/> |
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<!-- Society and culture --> |
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The generic name for these products, regardless of the base, is "Triple Antibiotic Ointment". |
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The combination is available ] in the US and Canada.<ref name= CONS2019>{{cite web |title= Neomycin, polymyxin b, and bacitracin Topical Advanced Patient Information |url=https://www.drugs.com/cons/neomycin-polymyxin-b-and-bacitracin-topical.html |website=Drugs.com |access-date=19 April 2019 }}</ref> In 2021, it was the 376th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 25,000 prescriptions.<ref>{{cite web | title = Bacitracin; Neomycin; Polymyxin B - Drug Usage Statistics | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/BacitracinNeomycinPolymyxinB | access-date = 14 January 2024}}</ref> |
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In China, this product is called "Complex Polymyxin B Ointment," which is manufactured by Zhejiang Reachall Pharmaceutical. The product was also marketed by The ] Company under the name "Mycitracin", until 1997 when that name was acquired by Johnson & Johnson<ref>{{Citation |
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|publication-date=1997 June 5 |
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== Medical uses == |
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|title=McNeil Consumer Products Co. strengthens worldwide lead in OTC pain reliever market |
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Neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin ointment is reported to be a safe and effective topical agent for preventing infections in minor skin trauma.<ref name="pmid17914912">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bonomo RA, Van Zile PS, Li Q, Shermock KM, McCormick WG, Kohut B | title = Topical triple-antibiotic ointment as a novel therapeutic choice in wound management and infection prevention: a practical perspective | journal = Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy | volume = 5 | issue = 5 | pages = 773–782 | date = October 2007 | pmid = 17914912 | doi = 10.1586/14787210.5.5.773 | s2cid = 31594289 }}</ref> |
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|type=Press Release |
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| periodical=Business Wire |
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It is used for burns, scratches, cuts, and minor skin infections.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = Neosporin (neo-bac-polym) topical : Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing - WebMD|url = http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-3744-7125/neosporin-top/combinationantibiotic-topical/details|website = WebMD|access-date = 3 December 2015 }}</ref> |
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|publisher=Business Wire |
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| publication-place=Fort Washington, PA |
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The use of neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin, decreases infection rates in minor-contaminated wounds.<ref name=Diehr2007>{{cite journal | vauthors = Diehr S, Hamp A, Jamieson B, Mendoza M | title = Clinical inquiries. Do topical antibiotics improve wound healing? | journal = The Journal of Family Practice | volume = 56 | issue = 2 | pages = 140–144 | date = February 2007 | pmid = 17270122 | quote = The use of topical triple-antibiotic ointments significantly decreases infection rates in minor contaminated wounds compared with a petrolatum control. Plain petrolatum ointment is equivalent to triple-antibiotic ointments for sterile wounds as a post-procedure wound dressing (strength of recommendation : A, based on randomized controlled trials ). }}</ref> |
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|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/-a019478196 |
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|accessdate=June 28, 2011 |
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It is for external use only.<ref name= "Zintel" /> |
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}}</ref>. |
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== Side effects == |
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It has been shown to cause ] in some cases.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sheth VM, Weitzul S | title = Postoperative topical antimicrobial use | journal = Dermatitis | volume = 19 | issue = 4 | pages = 181–189 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18674453 | doi = 10.2310/6620.2008.07094 }}</ref> |
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== Antibiotic-resistant bacteria == |
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Concern exists that its use contributes to the emergence of ] bacteria. In the US, the only large market for the ointment, it may increase ]. For instance, it may increase the prevalence of ] (MRSA) bacteria,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2011/09/14/mrsa-in-u-s-becoming-resistant-to-over-the-counter-ointment/|title=MRSA in U.S. becoming resistant to over the counter ointment|vauthors=Martin D|date=14 September 2011|publisher=CNN|access-date=2 June 2012|archive-date=4 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104104223/http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2011/09/14/mrsa-in-u-s-becoming-resistant-to-over-the-counter-ointment/|url-status=dead}}</ref> specifically the highly lethal ] strain.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Suzuki M, Yamada K, Nagao M, Aoki E, Matsumoto M, Hirayama T, Yamamoto H, Hiramatsu R, Ichiyama S, Iinuma Y | title = Antimicrobial ointments and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 | journal = Emerging Infectious Diseases | volume = 17 | issue = 10 | pages = 1917–1920 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 22000371 | pmc = 3310646 | doi = 10.3201/eid1710.101365 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Spann CT, Taylor SC, Weinberg JM | title = Topical antimicrobial agents in dermatology | journal = Disease-a-Month | volume = 50 | issue = 7 | pages = 407–421 | date = July 2004 | pmid = 15280871 | doi = 10.1016/j.disamonth.2004.05.011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Trookman NS, Rizer RL, Weber T | title = Treatment of minor wounds from dermatologic procedures: a comparison of three topical wound care ointments using a laser wound model | journal = Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology | volume = 64 | issue = 3 Suppl | pages = S8-15 | date = March 2011 | pmid = 21247665 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.11.011 | doi-access = free }}</ref> |
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==Components== |
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The 2023 updated ] label for their product discloses three different antibiotics: ] 400 units, ] 3.5 mg, and ] 5,000 units, in a relatively low-molecular-weight base of ], ], ], and ], and with ] and ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=f07d3bca-4312-46ed-b0c4-f886c01bd095|title=Drug Label Information Updated January 9, 2023 |publisher=DailyMed, National Library of Medicine}}</ref> |
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The generic name for these products, regardless of the base, is "triple antibiotic ointment". |
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In China, this product (with lidocaine HCl) is named "FONOW<sup>®</sup> Ointment (孚诺<sup>®</sup>软膏, Compound Polymyxin B Ointment)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fonow.cn/product/13.cshtml|title=Compound Polymyxin B Ointment (孚诺<sup>®</sup>软膏, <i>复方多黏菌素B软膏</i>)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nmpa.gov.cn/datasearch/search-info.html?nmpa=aWQ9NjJhMThjYTYzMTMxMGJiYWMwNjIzNzY4ZGJlYzJlOGYmaXRlbUlkPWZmODA4MDgxODNjYWQ3NTAwMTg0MDg4MWY4NDgxNzlm|title=Compound Polymyxin B Ointment （复方多黏菌素B软膏）|publisher=National Medical Products Administration, China}}</ref>" and is exclusively manufactured and sold by ]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fonow.cn|title=Zhejiang Fonow Medicine Co., Ltd. (浙江孚诺医药股份有限公司)}}</ref> The product was also marketed by the ] Company under the name "Mycitracin", until 1997 when that name was acquired by ].<ref>{{Cite press release |date=5 June 1997 |title= McNeil Consumer Products Co. strengthens worldwide lead in OTC pain reliever market |
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|periodical=Business Wire |location= Fort Washington, Pennsylvania |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/-a019478196 |
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|access-date=28 June 2011 |archive-date= 5 March 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160305051620/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/-a019478196|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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<!-- alternate URL, if that one ever goes defunct: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1997_June_5/ai_19478196/ --> |
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<!-- alternate URL, if that one ever goes defunct: http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1997_June_5/ai_19478196/ --> |
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Some people have allergic reactions to ], so a "Double antibiotic ointment" is sold that only contains |
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Some people have allergic reactions to neomycin, so a "double antibiotic ointment" is sold without it, containing only |
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] and ], such as the co-brand ]. |
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bacitracin and polymyxin B: one such example is ] branded product.{{medcn|date=April 2020}} |
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A variant of Polysporin, called Polysporin Triple Ointment, replaces neomycin with gramicidin, providing an alternative for those allergic to neomycin while still offering broad-spectrum coverage against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CTC Health. (n.d.). Polysporin Triple Ointment |url= https://ctchealth.ca/product/polysporin-triple-ointment/ |access-date= 2 April 2023 |website=ctchealth.ca}}</ref> |
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A "Plus" variant of the ointment exists that adds the analgesic ], but uses the cheap, simple, long-lasting, but heavier ] base that is common to many OTC topicals. The latest version of this, a high-absorption ], removes the ] which is unstable in such a base, but keeps the analgesic. |
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=== Active ingredients === |
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The three main active ingredients in Neosporin are ], ], and ].<ref name=MTM2019>{{cite web |title=Neosporin (topical) Uses, Side Effects & Warnings |url=https://www.drugs.com/mtm/neosporin-topical.html |website=Drugs.com |access-date=19 April 2019 }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> |
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One of the main components is neomycin sulfate, which is a type of ] discovered in 1949 by microbiologist ] at Rutgers University.<ref>{{cite web|title=Neomycin Details|url=http://www.medschat.com/Neomycin/|website=MedsChat.com|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> Neomycin belongs to the aminoglycoside class of antibiotics and fights against ] and ]. The antibiotic is often used to prevent risk of bacterial infections.<ref>{{cite web|title=Neomycin Sulfate|url=http://www.rxlist.com/neomycin-sulfate-drug/patient-images-side-effects.htm|website=RxList|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> ] work by binding to bacterial ] and changing the ability to produce proteins while exerting little to no effect on ]. Thus, neomycin kills bacteria as a result of irregular protein production in the bacterial cell. When the cell can no longer produce the correct proteins, its membrane becomes damaged.<ref>{{cite web|title=Neomycin|url=http://www.health24.com/Medical/Meds-and-you/Medication/Neomycin-Client-20120721|website=Health24|access-date=8 May 2015|archive-date=26 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626114322/http://www.health24.com/Medical/Meds-and-you/Medication/Neomycin-Client-20120721|url-status=dead}}</ref> As a result of damaged membrane, the affected bacterial cells die, and the infection is prevented or limited.{{medcn|date=April 2020}} |
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] is used to temporarily reduce pain from burns, insect bites, and minor cuts. It works like an anesthetic by decreasing the permeability of neuron membranes. As a result, pain neurons in the area have difficulty sending signals (or signals are blocked entirely), resulting in numbness.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pramoxine|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682429.html|website=Medicine Plus|access-date=8 May 2015}}</ref> |
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In some countries bacitracin is replaced with ].<ref>{{cite web | title=neomycin and polymyxin b sulfates and gramicidin- neomycin sulfate, polymyxin b sulfate and gramicidin solution/ drops | website=DailyMed | date=2 June 2016 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=e6f8d2f6-adff-4ae1-982c-45562f0a8e28 | access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref> The original Neosporin was using this combination.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Drug 060582 original approval package |url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/pre96/060582_original_approval_package.pdf |website=FDA.gov}}</ref> |
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== History == |
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There is no exact date as to when the antibacterial ointment was invented, but it was used as early as the 1950s. This antibiotic ointment was patented in the United States in August 1952.<ref>{{cite patent|title=Tetracycline type antibiotic ointment|url=http://www.google.com/patents/US2804421| country = US | number = 2804421}}</ref> |
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The brand Neosporin was first used in commerce in August 1952, and trademarked in October 1952.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trademark Status & Document Retrieval |url=https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=71636409&caseSearchType=US_APPLICATION&caseType=DEFAULT&searchType=statusSearch |access-date=12 February 2024 |website=tsdr.uspto.gov}}</ref> |
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{{Clear}} |
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== References == |
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== References == |
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== External links == |
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== External links == |
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* {{cite web | title=Neomycin, Polymyxin, and Bacitracin Ophthalmic | website=MedlinePlus | url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a604019.html }} |
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{{Johnson & Johnson}} |
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{{Antidiarrheals, intestinal anti-inflammatory and anti-infective agents}} |
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] |
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{{Portal bar | Medicine}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Neomycin Polymyxin B Bacitracin}} |
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