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Revision as of 19:02, 16 February 2011 editCheMoBot (talk | contribs)Bots141,565 edits Updating {{chembox}} (no changed fields - added verified revid - updated 'UNII_Ref', 'ChemSpiderID_Ref', 'StdInChI_Ref', 'StdInChIKey_Ref', 'ChEMBL_Ref', 'KEGG_Ref') per Chem/Drugbox validation (← Previous edit		Latest revision as of 06:01, 16 June 2024 edit undo14.2.50.180 (talk) Adding critical constants
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	{{chembox		{{chembox
			| Verifiedfields = changed
⚫	| verifiedrevid = 385610584
			| Watchedfields = changed
⚫	| Name = Phosphorus pentafluoride
		⚫	| verifiedrevid = 414287950
⚫	| ImageFile = Phosphorus-pentafluoride-2D-dimensions.png
		⚫	| Name = Phosphorus pentafluoride
⚫	<!-- | ImageSize = 140px -->
	| ImageName = Structure of the phosphorus pentafluoride molecule		| ImageFile = Phosphorus-pentafluoride-2D-dimensions.png
		⚫	| ImageSize =
	| ImageFile1 = Phosphorus-pentafluoride-3D-vdW.png
			| ImageName = Structure of the phosphorus pentafluoride molecule
⚫	<!-- | ImageSize1 = 140px -->
	| ImageName1 = Space-filling model of the phosphorus pentafluoride molecule		| ImageFile1 = Phosphorus-pentafluoride-3D-vdW.png
		⚫	| ImageSize1 =
	| IUPACName = Phosphorus pentafluoride
			| ImageName1 = Space-filling model of the phosphorus pentafluoride molecule
⚫	| OtherNames = Phosphorus(V) fluoride<br/>Pentafluoridophosphorus<br/>Pentafluorophosphorane
		⚫	| IUPACName = Phosphorus pentafluoride
⚫	| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
		⚫	| OtherNames = Phosphorus(V) fluoride<br />Pentafluoridophosphorus<br />Pentafluorophosphorane
	| CASNo = 7647-19-0
		⚫	|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
⚫	| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite}}
	| PubChem = 24295		| CASNo = 7647-19-0
		⚫	| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
⚫	| RTECS = TH4070000
			| UNII_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
			| UNII = 0OU1ESO71L
			| PubChem = 24295
		⚫	| RTECS = TH4070000
			| EINECS = 231-602-3
			| UNNumber = 2198
			| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
			| ChemSpiderID = 22715
			| SMILES = FP(F)(F)(F)F
			| InChI = 1/F5P/c1-6(2,3,4)5
			| InChIKey = OBCUTHMOOONNBS-UHFFFAOYAH
			| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
			| StdInChI = 1S/F5P/c1-6(2,3,4)5
			| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
			| StdInChIKey = OBCUTHMOOONNBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
	}}		}}
	| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties		|Section2={{Chembox Properties
	| Formula = PF<sub>5</sub>		| Formula = PF<sub>5</sub>
			| P=1 | F=5
	| MolarMass = 125.96577 g/mol
	| Appearance = colourless gas		| Appearance = colourless gas
	| Density = 5.527 g/cm<sup>3</sup>		| Odor = unpleasant
			| Density = 5.527 kg/m<sup>3</sup>
	| Solubility = ]		| Solubility = ]
	| MeltingPtC = -93.78		| MeltingPtC = -93.78
	| BoilingPtC = -84.6		| BoilingPtC = -84.6
			| CriticalTP = {{convert|19|C|F K|1}}, {{convert|33.9|atm|kPa psi}}
	}}		}}
	| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure		|Section3={{Chembox Structure
	| MolShape = ]		| MolShape = ]
	| CrystalStruct =		| CrystalStruct =
	| Dipole = 0 ]		| Dipole = 0 ]
	}}		}}
	| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards		|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
	| ExternalMSDS =		| ExternalSDS =
	| EUIndex = Not listed		| HPhrases =
	| RPhrases =		| PPhrases =
	| SPhrases =		| GHS_ref =
	| FlashPt = Non-flammable		| FlashPt = Non-flammable
	}}		}}
	| Section8 = {{Chembox Related		|Section8={{Chembox Related
	| OtherAnions = ]<br/>]<br/>]		| OtherAnions = ]<br />]<br />]
	| OtherCations = ]<br/>]<br/>]		| OtherCations = ]<br />]<br />]
	| OtherCpds = ]		| OtherCompounds = ]
	}}		}}
	}}		}}
	'''Phosphorus pentafluoride''', ]], is a ]. It's a colourless gas at room temperature and pressure.		'''Phosphorus pentafluoride''', ]], is a ]. It is a colourless, toxic gas that fumes in air.<ref name=Brauer>{{cite book|first=W. |last=Kwasnik |chapter=Phosphorus(V) fluoride |title=Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry |edition=2nd |editor-first=G. |editor-last=Brauer |publisher=Academic Press |date=1963 |location=New York |volume=1 |page=190}}</ref><ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw}}</ref>
			==Preparation==
			Phosphorus pentafluoride was first prepared in 1876 by the fluorination of ] using ], which remains a favored method:<ref name=Brauer/>
			:3&nbsp;PCl<sub>5</sub> + 5&nbsp;AsF<sub>3</sub> → 3&nbsp;PF<sub>5</sub> + 5&nbsp;AsCl<sub>3</sub>
			Phosphorus pentafluoride can be prepared by direct combination of ] and ]:
			: P<sub>4</sub> + 10 F<sub>2</sub> → 4 PF<sub>5</sub>
	==Structure==		==Structure==
	] indicate PF<sub>5</sub> molecule has two distinct P−F bonds (axial and equatorial): P−F<sub>''ax''</sub> = 158.0 pm and P−F<sub>''eq''</sub> = 152.2 pm. Gas-phase ] analysis gives similar values: P−F<sub>''ax''</sub> = 158 pm and P−F<sub>''eq''</sub> = 153 pm.		] indicate that the PF<sub>5</sub> has ]. Thus it has two distinct types of P−F bonds (axial and equatorial): the length of an axial P−F bond is distinct from the equatorial P−F bond in the solid phase, but not the liquid or gas phases due to ].
	] spectroscopy, at temperatures as low as −100 °C fails to distinguish the axial from the equatorial fluorine environments. The apparent equivalency arises from the low barrier for ] via the ], by which the axial and equatorial fluorine atoms rapidly exchange positions. The apparent equivalency of the F centers in PF<sub>5</sub> was first noted by Gutowsky.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Gutowsky, H. S.; McCall, D. W.; Slichter, C. P. | title = Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Multiplets in Liquids | journal = ] | year = 1953 | doi = 10.1063/1.1698874 | volume = 21 | pages = 279}}</ref> The explanation was first described by ], after whom the Berry mechanism is named. Berry pseudorotation influences the <sup>19</sup>F NMR spectrum of PF<sub>5</sub> since NMR spectroscopy operates on a ] timescale. Electron diffraction and X-ray crystallography do not detect this effect as their timescales are significantly shorter than for NMR spectroscopy.		] spectroscopy, even at temperatures as low as −100&nbsp;°C, fails to distinguish the axial from the equatorial fluorine environments. The apparent equivalency arises from the low barrier for ] via the ], by which the axial and equatorial fluorine atoms rapidly exchange positions. The apparent equivalency of the F centers in PF<sub>5</sub> was first noted by Gutowsky.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Gutowsky, H. S. |author2=McCall, D. W. |author3=Slichter, C. P. | title = Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Multiplets in Liquids | journal = ] | year = 1953 | doi = 10.1063/1.1698874 | volume = 21 | pages = 279 | issue = 2}}</ref> The explanation was first described by ], after whom the Berry mechanism is named. Berry pseudorotation influences the <sup>19</sup>F ] spectrum of PF<sub>5</sub> since NMR spectroscopy operates on a ] timescale. Electron diffraction and X-ray crystallography do not detect this effect as the solid state structures are, relative to a molecule in solution, static and can not undergo the necessary changes in atomic position.
			==Lewis acidity==
			Phosphorus pentafluoride is a ]. This property is relevant to its ready hydrolysis. A well studied ] is PF<sub>5</sub> with ]. With primary and secondary amines, the adducts convert readily to dimeric amido-bridged derivatives with the formula <sub>2</sub>. A variety of complexes are known with bidentate ligands.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Neutral Six-Coordinate Phosphorus|first1=Chih Y.|last1=Wong|first2=Dietmar K.|last2=Kennepohl|first3=Ronald G.|last3=Cavell|journal=Chemical Reviews|year=1996|volume=96|issue=6 |pages=1917–1952|doi=10.1021/cr9410880|pmid=11848816}}</ref>
			] (HPF<sub>6</sub>) is derived from phosphorus pentafluoride and ]. Its conjugate base, ] (PF<sub>6</sub><sup>–</sup>), is a useful ]. It is often used in ], where besides providing good ionic conductivity for the liquid electrolyte, it also passivates positive ] current collector.
	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	*{{Greenwood&Earnshaw}}
	{{Phosphorus compounds}}		{{Phosphorus compounds}}
			{{fluorine compounds}}
	]		]
	]		]
	]
	{{Inorganic-compound-stub}}
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]
	]