| Revision as of 13:24, 5 December 2011 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 446957012 of page Platinum(II)_chloride for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'CASNo'). |
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{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}} |
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{{chembox |
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{{chembox |
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| Verifiedfields = changed |
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| verifiedrevid = 444057651 |
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| Watchedfields = changed |
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| Name = Platinum(II) chloride |
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| verifiedrevid = 464208503 |
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| ImageFile = Platinum(II)-chloride-from-xtal-3D-balls.png |
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| ImageName = Platinum(II) chloride |
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| Name = Platinum(II) chloride |
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| OtherNames = platinous chloride |
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| ImageFile = Platinum(II) chloride.jpg |
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| ImageFile2 = Beta-platinum(II)-chloride-from-xtal-3D-balls-A.png |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| ImageName2 = Ball-and-stick model of a Pt6Cl12 molecule in the beta polymorph of platinum(II) chloride |
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| InChI = 1/2ClH.Pt/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2 |
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| IUPACName = Platinum(II) chloride |
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| InChIKey = CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-NUQVWONBAP |
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| OtherNames = Platinous chloride |
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|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}} |
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| CASNo = 10025-65-7 |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI = 49801 |
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| ChEBI = 49801 |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| SMILES = ClCl |
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| ChemSpiderID = 2668 |
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| EC_number = 233-034-1 |
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| Gmelin = 1744965 |
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| PubChem = 2770 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII = 896SQ4TDHW |
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| InChI = 1/2ClH.Pt/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2 |
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| InChIKey = CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-NUQVWONBAP |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChI = 1S/2ClH.Pt/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2 |
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| StdInChI = 1S/2ClH.Pt/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2 |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
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| StdInChIKey = CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
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| SMILES = ClCl |
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| CASNo = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: 10025-65-7 --> |
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| SMILES_Comment = monomer |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| SMILES1 = 01234056(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)6 |
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| ChemSpiderID = 2668 |
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| SMILES1_Comment = hexamer |
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}} |
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = ]]<sub>2</sub> |
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| Appearance = dark brown powder |
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| MolarMass = 265.99 g/mol |
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| Density = 6.05 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, solid |
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| Solubility = insoluble |
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| SolubleOther = insoluble in ], ] <br> soluble in ], ] |
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| MeltingPtC = 581 |
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| BoilingPt = decomposes |
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| MagSus = −54.0·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol |
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}} |
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}} |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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|Section3={{Chembox Structure |
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| CrystalStruct = hexagonal |
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| Formula = ]]<sub>2</sub> |
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| Appearance = olive green crystals |
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| MolarMass = 265.99 g/mol |
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| Density = 6.05 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, solid |
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| Solubility = insoluble |
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| SolubleOther = insoluble in ] <br> soluble in ], ] |
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| MeltingPt = 581 °C |
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| BoilingPt = decomposes |
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}} |
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}} |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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|Section7={{Chembox Hazards |
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| GHS_ref=<ref>{{cite web |title=Platinum(II) chloride |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2770#section=Safety-and-Hazards |website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |access-date=27 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref> |
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| EUClass = not listed |
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| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}}{{GHS07}}{{GHS08}} |
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| GHSSignalWord = Danger |
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| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|314|315|317|319|334}} |
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| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|260|261|264|272|280|285|301+330+331|302+352|303+361+353|304+340|304+341|305+351+338|310|321|332+313|333+313|337+313|342+311|362|363|405|501}} |
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| LD50 = 3423 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
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}} |
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}} |
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| Section8 = {{Chembox Related |
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|Section8={{Chembox Related |
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| OtherAnions = ], ] |
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| OtherAnions = ] <br/> ] |
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| OtherCations = ], ] |
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| OtherCations = ] |
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| OtherCpds = ] |
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| OtherCompounds = ] |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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'''Platinum(II) chloride''' describes the ]s with the formula ]]. They are precursor used in the preparation of other platinum compounds. Platinum(II) chloride exists in two crystalline forms (]), but the main properties are somewhat similar: dark brown, insoluble in water, ], and odorless. |
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==Structure== |
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The structures of PtCl<sub>2</sub> and ] are similar. These dichlorides exist in both polymeric, or "α", and hexameric, or "β" structures. The β form converts to the α form at 500 °C. In the β form, the Pt-Pt distances are 3.32–3.40 Å, indicative of some bonding between the pairs of metals. In both forms of PtCl<sub>2</sub>, each Pt center is four-coordinate, being surrounded by four chloride ]s. Complementarily, each Cl center is two-coordinate, being connected to two platinum atoms.<ref>Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. ''Inorganic Chemistry'' Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. {{ISBN|0-12-352651-5}}.</ref> The structure of α-PtCl<sub>2</sub> is reported to be disordered and contain edge- and/or corner-sharing square-planar PtCl<sub>4</sub> units.<ref>{{ cite journal | first1 = Bernt | last1 = Krebs | first2 = Claus | last2 = Brendel | first3 = Harald | last3 = Schäfer | title = Neue Untersuchungen an α-Platindichlorid Darstellung und Struktur | journal = ] | year = 1988 | volume = 561 | issue = 1 | pages = 119–131 | doi = 10.1002/zaac.19885610113 }}</ref> |
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] |
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==Preparation== |
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β-PtCl<sub>2</sub> is prepared by heating ] to 350 °C in air.<ref>{{cite book | author1 = Kerr, G. T. | author2 = Schweizer, A. E. | title = Inorganic Syntheses | chapter = β-Platinum(II) Chloride | journal = ] | volume = 20 | pages = | doi = 10.1002/9780470132517.ch14 | date = 2007 | isbn = 978-0-470-13251-7 | chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/inorganicsynthes0000unse/page/48 }}</ref> |
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:] → PtCl<sub>2</sub> + Cl<sub>2</sub> + 2 HCl |
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This method is convenient since the chloroplatinic acid is generated readily from Pt metal. Aqueous solutions of H<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>6</sub> can also be reduced with ] salts, but this method is more laborious than the thermal route of Kerr and Schweizer. |
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Although PtCl<sub>2</sub> can form when platinum metal contacts hot ] gas, this process suffers from over-chlorination to give ]. ] and later Wöhler and Streicher showed that upon heating to 450 °C, this Pt(IV) compound decomposes to the Pt(II) derivative:<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Wöhler, L. |author2=Streicher, S. | journal = ] | title = Über das Beständigkeitsgebiet von vier wasserfreien Platinchloriden, über die Flüchtigkeit des Metalls im Chlorgas und die Darstellung sauerstoff-freien Chlors | year = 1913 | volume = 46 | pages = 1591–1597 | doi = 10.1002/cber.19130460252 | issue = 2|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1426521 }}</ref><ref name="decomp">{{cite journal |author1=A. E. Schweizer |author2=G. T. Kerr |title=Thermal decomposition of hexachloroplatinic acid |journal=Inorganic Chemistry |date=1978 |volume=17 |issue=8 |pages=2326–2327 |doi=10.1021/ic50186a067 |language=en}}</ref> |
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:PtCl<sub>4</sub> → PtCl<sub>2</sub> + Cl<sub>2</sub> |
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Transformations such as this are "driven" by ], the free energy gained upon the release of a gaseous product from a solid. Upon heating to still higher temperatures, PtCl<sub>2</sub> releases more chlorine to give metallic Pt. This conversion is the basis of the ] assay of the purity of the PtCl<sub>2</sub> product. |
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==Reactions== |
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Most reactions of PtCl<sub>2</sub> proceed via treatment with ligands (L) to give molecular derivatives. These transformations entail depolymerization via cleavage of Pt-Cl-Pt linkages: |
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:PtCl<sub>2</sub> + 2 L → PtCl<sub>2</sub>L<sub>2</sub> |
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Addition of ammonia gives initially "PtCl<sub>2</sub>(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>", "]", also described as . |
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Many ] have been described, the following are illustrative:<ref>Cotton, S. A. ''Chemistry of Precious Metals'', Chapman and Hall (London): 1997. {{ISBN|0-7514-0413-6}}</ref> |
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*pink K<sub>2</sub>PtCl<sub>4</sub>, a widely employed water-soluble derivative. |
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*colorless ''cis''-PtCl<sub>2</sub>(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, better known as ]. |
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*colorless ], a common precursor to other complexes of the type PtX(Cl)(P(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (X = H, CH<sub>3</sub>, etc.). |
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*yellow ''trans''-PtCl<sub>2</sub>(P(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, a metastable relative of the ''cis''- ]. |
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*colorless ] (Pt(cod)Cl<sub>2</sub>), an "organic-soluble" compound containing a labile organic ligand. |
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Several of these compounds are of interest in ] in the service of ] or as anti-cancer drugs. |
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==See also== |
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* ] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Platinum compounds}} |
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{{Chlorides}} |
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] |
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] |
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] |