| Revision as of 09:06, 5 December 2011 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,055 edits Saving copy of the {{drugbox}} taken from revid 462285134 of page Polycarbophil_calcium for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'KEGG', 'CAS_number'). |
Latest revision as of 00:38, 30 July 2024 edit 2405:201:d002:319d:ede:1770:dfba:fcc (talk) Undid revision 1227431346 by 182.177.121.57 (talk)Tags: Undo references removed |
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{{Short description|Pharmaceutical drug}} |
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{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|drugbox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}} |
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{{Drugbox |
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{{Drugbox |
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| verifiedrevid = 412971012 |
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| verifiedrevid = 464185082 |
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| IUPAC_name = |
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| IUPAC_name = |
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| image = Polycarbophil calcium skeletal.svg |
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| image = Polycarbophil calcium skeletal.svg |
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| width = 250 |
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| width = 250 |
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<!-- Clinical data --> |
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<!--Clinical data--> |
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| tradename = |
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| tradename = |
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| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|MTM|polycarbophil_calcium}} |
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| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|MTM|polycarbophil_calcium}} |
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| legal_US = OTC |
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| legal_US = OTC |
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| routes_of_administration = Oral (tablets) |
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| routes_of_administration = Oral (tablets) |
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<!-- Pharmacokinetic data --> |
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<!--Pharmacokinetic data--> |
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| bioavailability = |
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| bioavailability = |
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| metabolism = |
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| metabolism = |
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| elimination_half-life = |
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<!-- Identifiers --> |
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<!--Identifiers--> |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = NA |
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| ChemSpiderID = none |
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| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} |
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| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}} |
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| CAS_number = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: 9003-97-8 --> |
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| CAS_number = 9003-97-8 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII = W25LM17A4W |
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| ATC_prefix = A06 |
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| ATC_prefix = A06 |
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| ATC_suffix = AC08 |
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| ATC_suffix = AC08 |
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| PubChemSubstance = 49901815 |
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| PubChemSubstance = 49901815 |
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| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} |
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| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}} |
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| KEGG = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: D03306 --> |
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| KEGG = D03306 |
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<!-- Chemical data --> |
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| chemical_formula = (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>3</sub>Ca<sub>1/2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>a</sub>(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>b</sub> |
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| chemical_formula = (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>3</sub>Ca<sub>1/2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>a</sub>(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>b</sub> |
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| molecular_weight = |
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}} |
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'''Polycarbophil calcium''' (]) is a ] used as a stool stabilizer. Chemically, it is a synthetic polymer of ] cross-linked with ], with ] as a counter-ion. |
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==Clinical uses== |
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It is used as stool stabilizer to treat constipation, diarrhea and abdominal discomfort. Bulk ]s absorb liquid in the intestines and swell to form a soft bulky stool. The bulky mass stimulates the intestinal muscles, speeding stool transit time through the colon. Results usually occur within 12 to 72 hours. Calcium polycarbophil will not work without increased fluid intake. |
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Calcium polycarbophil has been marketed as an ] agent used for treating functional ] and as a bulk-producing agent. |
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A study looked at the effects of calcium polycarbophil on general ] (IBS) symptoms. Fourteen patients with IBS-diarrhea and twelve with IBS-constipation were given calcium polycarbophil for eight weeks and their colon transit times were measured with ] markers in the colon. The patients with diarrhea reported fewer bowel movements, more solid stools and reduced abdominal pain. Patients with constipation reported more frequent bowel movements, looser stools and less pain.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chiba T, Kudara N, Sato M, Chishima R, Abiko Y, Inomata M, Orii S, Suzuki K | display-authors = 6 | title = Colonic transit, bowel movements, stool form, and abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome by treatments with calcium polycarbophil | journal = Hepato-Gastroenterology | volume = 52 | issue = 65 | pages = 1416–20 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16201086 }}</ref> |
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The human stomach presents a mild acidic environment due to the presence of ]. Polycarbophil absorbs about ten times its own weight of water under acidic conditions, but the swelling ratio markedly increases at above pH 4.0 and reaches 70 times the initial weight under pH-neutral conditions. The swelling of polycarbophil is not affected by non-ionic ], but by ionic strength, showing a decrease with increase of ionic strength. Monovalent metal ions such as ] and potassium ions in gastrointestinal fluid do not reduce the equilibrium swelling of polycarbophil, but divalent ions such as calcium and ] ions do. However, calcium ions only slightly reduce the equilibrium swelling under sodium-rich conditions.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shibata C, Funayama Y, Fukushima K, Takahashi K, Ogawa H, Haneda S, Watanabe K, Kudoh K, Kohyama A, Hayashi K, Sasaki I | display-authors = 6 | title = Effect of calcium polycarbophil on bowel function after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis: a randomized controlled trial | journal = Digestive Diseases and Sciences | volume = 52 | issue = 6 | pages = 1423–6 | date = June 2007 | pmid = 17394081 | doi = 10.1007/s10620-006-9270-6 | s2cid = 22022224 }}</ref> |
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== Adverse effects == |
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Common side effects can include:<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Polycarbophil|url=https://www.drugs.com/mtm/polycarbophil.html|website=Drugs.com}}</ref> |
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*Mild ] |
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* ] |
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*Gas |
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Seek medical attention if:<ref name=":0" /> |
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* severe ] |
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* ] |
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* no ] within 3 days after using polycarbophil |
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] residues are shown in red, residues of the cross-linker divinyl glycol (3,4-dihydroxy-1,5-hexadiene) in blue.]] |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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== Further reading == |
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{{refbegin}} |
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* {{cite journal | vauthors = Saito T, Mizutani F, Iwanaga Y, Morikawa K, Kato H | title = Laxative and anti-diarrheal activity of polycarbophil in mice and rats | journal = Japanese Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 89 | issue = 2 | pages = 133–41 | date = June 2002 | pmid = 12120755 | doi = 10.1254/jjp.89.133 | doi-access = free }} |
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* {{cite journal | vauthors = Torii A, Toda G | title = Management of irritable bowel syndrome | journal = Internal Medicine | volume = 43 | issue = 5 | pages = 353–9 | date = May 2004 | pmid = 15206545 | doi = 10.2169/internalmedicine.43.353 | doi-access = free }} |
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* {{cite journal | vauthors = Paterson WG, Thompson WG, Vanner SJ, Faloon TR, Rosser WW, Birtwhistle RW, Morse JL, Touzel TA | display-authors = 6 | title = Recommendations for the management of irritable bowel syndrome in family practice. IBS Consensus Conference Participants | journal = CMAJ | volume = 161 | issue = 2 | pages = 154–60 | date = July 1999 | pmid = 10439825 | pmc = 1230466 }} |
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{{refend}} |
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{{Laxatives}} |
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] |
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] |