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Revision as of 13:52, 5 December 2011 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 460159246 of page Potassium_fluoride for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'ChEMBL').		Latest revision as of 15:45, 21 December 2024 edit Semper Vincit Veritas (talk | contribs)452 edits →Applications in organic chemistry
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			{{Short description|Ionic compound (KF)}}
	{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}}
	{{chembox		{{chembox
	| Verifiedfields = changed		| Verifiedfields = changed
			| Watchedfields = changed
	| verifiedrevid = 417935694		| verifiedrevid = 464211515
	| ImageFile = Potassium-fluoride-3D-ionic.png		| ImageFile = Potassium-fluoride-3D-ionic.png
	| ImageSize =		| ImageSize =
	| IUPACName = Potassium fluoride		| IUPACName = Potassium fluoride
	| OtherNames =		| OtherNames =
	| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers		|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
	| Abbreviations =		| Abbreviations =
	| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}		| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
	| ChemSpiderID = 23006		| ChemSpiderID = 23006
	| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}		| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
	| ChEMBL = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: 1644027 -->		| ChEMBL = 1644027
	| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}		| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
	| UNII = 9082WG1G3F		| UNII = 9082WG1G3F
			| UNII1_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
			| UNII1 = 95R1D12HEH
			| UNII1_Comment = (dihydrate)
	| InChI = 1S/FH.K/h1H;/q;+1/p-1		| InChI = 1S/FH.K/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
	| InChIKey = NROKBHXJSPEDAR-REWHXWOFAI		| InChIKey = NROKBHXJSPEDAR-REWHXWOFAI
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	| InChIKey1 = NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M		| InChIKey1 = NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M
	| CASNo = 7789-23-3		| CASNo = 7789-23-3
	| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}		| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
			| CASNo_Comment = (anhydrous)
			| CASNo2_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
			| CASNo2 = 13455-21-5
			| CASNo2_Comment = (dihydrate)
	| PubChem = 522689		| PubChem = 522689
	| EINECS = 232-151-5		| EINECS = 232-151-5
	| InChI =
	| RTECS = TT0700000		| RTECS = TT0700000
	}}		}}
	| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties		|Section2={{Chembox Properties
	| Formula = KF		| Formula = KF
	| MolarMass = 58.0967 g/mol		| MolarMass = 58.0967 g/mol (anhydrous) <br> 94.1273 g/mol (dihydrate)
	| Appearance = colourless crystals		| Appearance = colourless
	| Density = 2.48 g/cm<sup>3</sup>		| Density = 2.48 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
	| MeltingPt = 858 °C		| MeltingPtC = 858
			| MeltingPt_notes = (anhydrous) <br> 41 °C (dihydrate) <br> 19.3 °C (trihydrate)
	| BoilingPt = 1505 °C
			| BoilingPtC = 1502
	| Solubility = 92 g/100 mL (18 °C)
			| Solubility = ''anhydrous:'' <br> 92 g/100 mL (18 °C) <br> 102 g/100 mL (25 °C) <hr> ''dihydrate:'' <br> 349.3 g/100 mL (18 °C)
	| SolubleOther = soluble in ] <br> insoluble in ]		| SolubleOther = soluble in ] <br> insoluble in ]
	| pKa =		| pKa =
			| MagSus = &minus;23.6·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
	}}		}}
	| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards		|Section3={{Chembox Structure
			| CrystalStruct = cubic
	| EUClass = Toxic ('''T''')
			}}
	| EUIndex = 009-005-00-2
			|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
			| GHSPictograms = {{GHS06}}
			| GHSSignalWord = Danger
			| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|301|311|331}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/449148?lang=en&region=US|title=Potassium Fluoride|website=sigmaaldrich.com|access-date=2018-12-20}}</ref>
			| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|261|264|270|271|280|301+310|302+352|304+340|311|312|321|322|330|361|363|403+233|405|501}}
	| NFPA-H = 3		| NFPA-H = 3
	| NFPA-F = 0		| NFPA-F = 0
	| NFPA-R = 1		| NFPA-R = 0
	| NFPA-O		| NFPA-S =
	| RPhrases = {{R23/24/25}}
	| SPhrases = {{S1/2}}, {{S26}}, {{S45}}
	| FlashPt = Non-flammable		| FlashPt = Non-flammable
	| PEL =		| PEL =
			| LD50 = 245 mg/kg (oral, rat)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/7789-23-3|title=ChemIDplus - 7789-23-3 - NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M - Potassium fluoride - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information.|first=Michael|last=Chambers|website=chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref>
	| LD50 = 245 mg/kg (oral, guinea pig)
	}}		}}
	| Section8 = {{Chembox Related		|Section8={{Chembox Related
	| OtherAnions = ]<br/>]<br/>]		| OtherAnions = ]<br/>]<br/>]
	| OtherCations = ]<br/>]<br/>]<br/>]		| OtherCations = ]<br/>]<br/>]<br/>]<br/>Francium fluoride
	}}		}}
	}}		}}
			'''Potassium fluoride''' is the ] with the formula '''KF'''. After ], KF is the primary source of the ] ion for applications in manufacturing and in chemistry. It is an ] salt and occurs naturally as the rare ] ]. Solutions of KF will etch glass due to the formation of soluble fluorosilicates, although ] is more effective.
			==Preparation==
			Potassium fluoride is prepared by reacting ] with ]. Evaporation of the solution forms crystals of ]. The bifluoride on heating yields potassium fluoride:
			: <chem>K2CO3 + 4HF -> 2KHF2 + CO2 ^ + H2O</chem>
			: <chem>KHF2 -> KF + HF ^</chem>
			Platinum or heat resistant plastic containers are often used for these operations.
			Potassium chloride converts to KF upon treatment with hydrogen fluoride. In this way, potassium fluoride is recyclable.<ref name=Ull/>
			==Crystalline properties==
			KF crystallizes in the cubic ] ]. The lattice parameter at room temperature is 0.266 nm.<ref>{{cite web |title=Potassium fluoride |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucapahh/research/crystal/kf.htm |publisher=]}}</ref>
			==Applications in organic chemistry==
			In ], KF can be used for the conversion of ]s into ]s, via the ] (alkyl halides)<ref>{{OrgSynth | last1= Vogel| first1=A. I.| last2=Leicester| first2=J.| last3=Macey| first3=W. A. T. | title = n-Hexyl Fluoride | volume = 36|year=1956 | pages = 40| doi= 10.15227/orgsyn.036.0040}}</ref> and ] reactions (aryl chlorides).<ref name=Ull>{{Ullmann|first1=Günter |last1=Siegemund|first2=Werner|last2=Schwertfeger|first3=Andrew|last3=Feiring|first4=Bruce|last4=Smart|first5=Fred|last5=Behr|first6=Herward|last6=Vogel|first7=Blaine |last7=McKusick|title=Fluorine Compounds, Organic|year=2002|doi=10.1002/14356007.a11_349}}.</ref> Such reactions usually employ polar solvents such as ], ], and ].<ref>Han, Q.; Li, H-Y. "Potassium Fluoride" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 2001 John Wiley & Sons,New York. {{doi|10.1002/047084289X.rp214}}</ref> More efficient fluorination of aliphatic halides can be achieved with a combination of ] and bulky diols in acetonitrile solvent.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Silva|first1=Samuel L.|last2=Valle|first2=Marcelo S.|last3=Pliego|first3=Josefredo R.|date=2020-12-04|title=Nucleophilic Fluorination with KF Catalyzed by 18-Crown-6 and Bulky Diols: A Theoretical and Experimental Study|url=https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.0c02229|journal=The Journal of Organic Chemistry|volume=85|issue=23|pages=15457–15465|doi=10.1021/acs.joc.0c02229|pmid=33227195 |s2cid=227156364 |issn=0022-3263}}</ref>
			Potassium fluoride on alumina (KF/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) is a base used in organic synthesis. It was originally introduced in 1979 by Ando ''et al.'' for inducing alkylation reactions.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/S0040-4020(02)00992-4| title = KF/Al2O3 Mediated organic synthesis| year = 2002| last1 = Blass| first1 = Benjamin E.| journal = Tetrahedron| volume = 58| issue = 46| pages = 9301–9320}}</ref>
			==Safety considerations==
			Like other sources of the fluoride ion, F<sup><nowiki>&minus;</nowiki></sup>, KF is poisonous, although lethal doses approach gram levels for humans. It is harmful by inhalation and ingestion. It is highly corrosive, and skin contact may cause severe burns.
			==References==
			<references/>
			{{Potassium compounds}}
			{{Fluorides}}
			{{Authority control}}
			]
			]
			]