Misplaced Pages

Potassium iodate: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively
Page 1
Page 2
← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 06:43, 15 June 2011 editGecg (talk | contribs)148 edits →Chemical properties: added another prep with ref← Previous edit Latest revision as of 10:30, 18 April 2024 edit undoPointlessUsername (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users6,290 edits →Radiation protection: change link to ireland the country not the islandTags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit 
(72 intermediate revisions by 51 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{chembox {{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
⚫ | verifiedrevid = 400858566
| Watchedfields = changed
⚫ | verifiedrevid = 434366230
| ImageFile=Potassium-iodate-unit-cell-3D-balls.png | ImageFile=Potassium-iodate-unit-cell-3D-balls.png
| ImageFile2=Jodičnan draselný.JPG | ImageFile2=Jodičnan draselný.JPG
| IUPACName = Potassium iodate | IUPACName = Potassium iodate
| OtherNames = Iodic acid, potassium salt | OtherNames = Iodic acid, potassium salt
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 22856 | ChemSpiderID = 22856
| DrugBank = DB15923
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = I139E44NHL | UNII = I139E44NHL
Line 18: Line 21:
| StdInChIKey = JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M | StdInChIKey = JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M
| CASNo = 7758-05-6 | CASNo = 7758-05-6
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 24448 | PubChem = 23665710
| EINECS = 231-831-9
| RTECS = NN1350000
}} }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = KIO<sub>3</sub> | Formula = KIO<sub>3</sub>
| MolarMass = 214.001 g/mol | MolarMass = 214.001 g/mol
| Appearance = white crystalline powder | Appearance = white crystalline powder
| Density = 3.89 g/cm<sup>3</sup> | Odor = odorless
| Density = 3.89 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| Solubility = 4.74 g/100 mL (0 °C) <br> 32.3 g/100 mL (100 °C) | Solubility = 4.74 g/100 mL (0 °C) <br /> 9.16 g/100 mL (25 °C) <br /> 32.3 g/100 mL (100 °C)
| SolubleOther = soluble in ] solution <br> insoluble in ], liquid ] | SolubleOther = soluble in ] solution <br /> insoluble in ], liquid ], ]
| MeltingPt = 560 °C decomp. | MeltingPtC = 560
| MeltingPt_notes = (decomposes)
| MagSus = &minus;63.1·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
}} }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalMSDS = | ExternalSDS =
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS03}} {{GHS05}} {{GHS07}}
| EUIndex = Oxidant
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|272|302|318}}
| RPhrases = {{R9}}, {{R22}}, {{R36}}, {{R37}}, {{R38}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|280|301+312+330|305+351+338+310}}
| SPhrases = {{S35}}
| NFPA-H = 2 | NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 0 | NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 1 | NFPA-R = 2
| NFPA-O = | NFPA-S = OX
| FlashPt = Non-flammable | FlashPt = Non-flammable
}} }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related |Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = ]<br/>] | OtherAnions = ]<br />]
| OtherCations = ] | OtherCations = ]
| OtherCpds = ]<br/>] | OtherCompounds = ]<br />]
}} }}
}} }}
'''Potassium iodate''' (]]]) is a ]. '''Potassium iodate''' (]]]) is an ] ] with the formula {{chem2|KIO3}}. It is a white salt that is soluble in water.<ref name=":0"/>


==Chemical properties== ==Preparation and properties==
It can be prepared by reacting a potassium-containing base such as ] with ], for example:<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Iodine and Iodine Compounds |encyclopedia=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |publisher=Wiley-VCH |location=Weinheim |last1=Lyday |first1=Phyllis&nbsp;A. |editor-last=Ley |editor-first=Claudia |publication-date=26 November 2015 |edition=7th |page=9 |doi=10.1002/14356007.a14_381.pub2 |last2=Kaiho Tatsuo|isbn=9783527306732 }}</ref>
Potassium iodate is an ] and as such it can cause fires if in contact with combustible materials or ]. It can be prepared by reacting a potassium-containing base such as ] with ], for example:


:] + ] → KIO<sub>3</sub> + ] :] + ] → KIO<sub>3</sub> + ]


It can also be prepared by adding ] to a hot, concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide. It can also be prepared by adding ] to a hot, concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide:<ref name=":0" />


:3 ] + 6 ] → KIO<sub>3</sub> + 5 ] + 3 ] :3 ] + 6 ] → KIO<sub>3</sub> + 5 ] + 3 ]


Or by fusing potassium iodide with ], ] or ], the melt is extracted with water and potassium iodate is isolated from the solution by crystallization<ref>Pradyot Patnaik. ''Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals''. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0-07-049439-8</ref>: Or by fusing potassium iodide with ], ] or ], the melt is extracted with water and potassium iodate is isolated from the solution by crystallization:<ref>Pradyot Patnaik. ''Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals''. McGraw-Hill, 2002, {{ISBN|0-07-049439-8}}</ref>
:KI + KClO3 → KIO3 + KCl :KI + KClO<sub>3</sub> → KIO<sub>3</sub> + KCl


The analogous reaction with ] is also possible:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Andrews |first=Launcelot&nbsp;W. |date=July 1903 |title=Titrations with potassium iodide |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.%24b811386&seq=113 |journal=] |location=] |publisher=] |volume=25 |issue=7 |page=756 |doi=10.1021/ja02009a012 |via=]}}</ref><blockquote>KI + 3KOCl → 3KCl + KIO<sub>3</sub></blockquote>Conditions/substances to avoid include: ], ], ],<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Regulatory Affairs |date=23 March 2023 |title=Safety Data Sheet |url=https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=AC418245000&productDescription=POTASSIUM+IODATE%2C+REAGEN+500GR&vendorId=VN00033901&countryCode=US&language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922143106/https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=AC418245000&productDescription=POTASSIUM+IODATE%2C+REAGEN+500GR&vendorId=VN00033901&countryCode=US&language=en |archive-date=22 September 2023 |access-date=22 September 2023 |publisher=] |type=Potassium iodate MSDS |publication-place=] |edition=5}}</ref> combustible materials,<ref name=":0" /> reducing materials, ],<ref name=":1" /> ],<ref name=":0" /> ], ] and ]s.<ref name=":1" />

Conditions/substances to avoid include: ], ], ], combustible materials, reducing materials, ], ], ], ] and ]s.


==Applications== ==Applications==
Potassium iodate is sometimes used for iodination of table salt to prevent ]. In the US, ] contains ]s, because ] can oxidize ] iodide to iodine; other countries simply use potassium iodate instead.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Arroyave |first1=Guillermo |last2=Pineda |first2=Oscar |last3=Scrimshaw |first3=Nevin&nbsp;S. |date=1956 |orig-date=May 1955 |title=The stability of potassium iodate in crude table salt |journal=] |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=183–185 |pmid=13329845 |pmc=2538103}}</ref> Salt mixed with ] and potassium iodate, "double fortified salt", are used to address both iron and iodine deficiencies.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/mcn.12773 |title=Improving the lives of millions through new double fortification of salt technology |date=2019 |last1=Diosady |first1=Levente L. |last2=Mannar |first2=M.G. Venkatesh |last3=Krishnaswamy |first3=Kiruba |journal=Maternal & Child Nutrition |volume=15 |issue=Suppl 3 |pages=e12773 |pmid=31148400 |pmc=6594086 }}</ref> Potassium iodate is also used to provide iodine in some ].<ref>{{Cite web |last=James |first=Maia |date=2023-04-04 |title=Best Baby Formula Guide |url=https://gimmethegoodstuff.org/safe-product-guides/safe-infant-formula-guide/ |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=Gimme the Good Stuff |language=en-US}}</ref>
Potassium iodate is sometimes used for iodination of table salt. Because iodide can be oxidized by molecular oxygen to iodine under wet conditions, US companies add ]s or other ]s to the potassium iodide. In other countries, potassium iodate is used as source for iodine. It is also an ingredient in baby formula milk.


Like ], potassium iodate is occasionally used as a ] in baking. Like ], potassium iodate is occasionally used as a ] in baking.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Potassium iodate |encyclopedia=BAKERpedia |location=] |url=https://bakerpedia.com/ingredients/potassium-iodate/ |access-date=22 September 2023 |editor-last=Carson |editor-first=Lin}}</ref>


===Radiation protection=== ===Radiation protection===
⚫ ] tablets distributed in the early 2000s to ] households in case of a terror attack on ] nuclear facilities.]]
Potassium iodate may be used to protect against accumulation of ] in the ] by saturating the body with a stable source of ] prior to exposure.<ref>{{Citation Potassium iodate may be used to protect against accumulation of ] in the ] by saturating the body with a stable source of ] prior to exposure.<ref>{{Citation
| doi = 10.1093/pubmed/21.4.412 | doi = 10.1093/pubmed/21.4.412
Line 80: Line 88:
| pages = 2008–10 | pages = 2008–10
| url = http://jpubhealth.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/21/4/412 | url = http://jpubhealth.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/21/4/412
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080905170659/http://jpubhealth.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/21/4/412
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 2008-09-05
| journal = Journal of Public Health | journal = Journal of Public Health
| year = 1999 | year = 1999
| pmid = 11469363 | pmid = 11469363
| doi-access = free
}}</ref> Approved by the ] for radiation protection, potassium iodate (KIO<sub>3</sub>) is an alternative to ], which has poor ] in hot and humid ]s.<ref>{{Citation }}</ref> Approved by the ] for radiation protection, potassium iodate (KIO<sub>3</sub>) is an alternative to ], which has poor ] in hot and humid ]s.<ref>{{Citation
| doi = 10.1097/00004032-199311000-00014 | doi = 10.1097/00004032-199311000-00014
| last1 = Pahuja | first1 = D.N. | last1 = Pahuja | first1 = D.N.
Line 89: Line 101:
| last3 = Borkar | first3 = A.V. | last3 = Borkar | first3 = A.V.
| last4 = Samuel | first4 = A.M. | last4 = Samuel | first4 = A.M.
| year = 2008 |date=Nov 2008
| title = Potassium iodate and its comparison to potassium iodide as a blocker of 131I uptake by the thyroid in rats | title = Potassium iodate and its comparison to potassium iodide as a blocker of 131I uptake by the thyroid in rats
| volume = 65 | volume = 65
Line 95: Line 107:
| pages = 545–9 | pages = 545–9
| pmid = 8225995 | pmid = 8225995
| month = Nov
| journal = Health physics | journal = Health Physics
}}</ref> The ], ], ], ], and ]s ] and ] are known{{by who?|date=February 2011}} to stock potassium iodate in ] form.{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}} It is not approved by the ] (FDA) for use as a thyroid blocker, and the FDA has taken action against US websites that promote this use.<ref>http://www.nukepills.com/potassium-iodate-vs-potassium-iodide.html</ref><ref>http://www.nukepills.com/docs/Potassium%20Iodate%20warning%20letter.pdf</ref> }}</ref> The ], ], ], and the ]s ] and ] all maintain potassium iodate ] towards this end.{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}} Following the ], the government of ] issued potassium iodate tablets to all households for a similar purpose.<ref name="dohc">{{cite web |url=http://www.dohc.ie/press/releases/2008/20080403c.html |title=Decision to Discontinue the Future Distribution of Iodine Tablets |access-date=2013-05-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018013248/http://www.dohc.ie/press/releases/2008/20080403c.html |archive-date=2013-10-18 }}</ref>


{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
⚫ ] tablets, produced and distributed to the population of the ] in case of a terror attack on the ] ] in the ].]]

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Recommended Dosage for Radiological Emergencies involving radioactive iodine<ref>{{Citation |+ Recommended Dosage for Radiological Emergencies involving radioactive iodine<ref>{{Citation
| publication-date = 1999 | date = 1999
| title = Guidelines for Iodine Prophylaxis following Nuclear Accidents | title = Guidelines for Iodine Prophylaxis following Nuclear Accidents
| publication-place =
| place = Geneva | place = Geneva
| publisher = ] | publisher = ]
| url = http://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/pub_meet/Iodine_Prophylaxis_guide.pdf | url =https://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/pub_meet/Iodine_Prophylaxis_guide.pdf
}}</ref> }}</ref>
! Age ! Age
Line 118: Line 127:
| 170 | 170
|- |-
| 3 - 12 years old | 3 – 12 years old
| 65 | 65
| 85 | 85
|- |-
| 1 - 36 months old | 1 – 36 months old
| 32 | 32
| 42 | 42
Line 130: Line 139:
| 21 | 21
|} |}

Potassium iodate is not approved by the ] (FDA) for use as a ], and the FDA has taken action against US websites that promote this use.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nukepills.com/potassium-iodate-vs-potassium-iodide.html|title=Potassium iodide vs potassium iodate. Which one works?}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nukepills.com/docs/Potassium%20Iodate%20warning%20letter.pdf|title=Potassium Iodate Warning Letter|author=W. Charles Becoat|publisher=Food and Drug Administration|date=29 May 2003}}</ref>

==Safety==
Potassium iodate is an ] and as such it can form explosive mixtures when combined with organic compounds.<ref name=":0"/>
{{clear}}


==References== ==References==
{{refimprove|date=January 2009}}
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}


{{Potassium compounds}} {{Potassium compounds}}
{{Iodates}}


] ]
] ]
] ]

]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]