| Revision as of 14:00, 21 November 2011 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 461291124 of page Heavy_water for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'ChEMBL'). |
Latest revision as of 02:43, 31 December 2024 edit Solomonfromfinland (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users16,002 edits →Production: Hydrogen isotope biogeochemistry; edited for concision |
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{{short description|Chemical compound}} |
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{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}} |
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{{confused|Heavy water}} |
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{{Chembox |
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{{Chembox |
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| Verifiedfields = changed |
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| verifiedrevid = 461766699 |
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| Watchedfields = changed |
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| Name = Semiheavy water |
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| verifiedrevid = 396491980 |
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| ImageFileL1 = Semiheavy-water-3D-vdW.png |
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| Name = Deuterium oxide |
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| ImageFileL1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}} |
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| ImageFile = Water molecule 3D.svg |
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| ImageSizeL1 = 150 |
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| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}} |
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| ImageNameL1 = Spacefill model of water |
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| ImageSize = 121 |
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| ImageName = Spacefill model of water |
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| ImageFileR1 = Semiheavy water.svg |
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| ImageSizeR1 = 100 |
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| IUPACName = <sub>2</sub>-water |
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| IUPACName = (O-{{sup|2}}H{{sub|1}})Water |
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| OtherNames = Deuterium monoxide<br/>Deuterium oxide, Water-''d''<sub>2</sub> |
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| OtherNames = Deuterium hydrogen monoxide<br/>Deuterium hydrogen oxide, Water-''d''{{sub|1}}, Water-''d'' |
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| SystematicName = |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| CASNo = 7789-20-0 |
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| CASNo =14940-63-7 |
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| PubChem = 139859 |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| PubChem = 24602 |
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| ChemSpiderID = 123344 |
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| UNII = |
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| PubChem_Ref = {{Pubchemcite|correct|PubChem}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 23004 |
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| EINECS = |
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| KEGG = |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| UNII = J65BV539M3 |
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| MeSHName = |
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| ChEBI = 33806 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| EINECS = 232-148-9 |
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| ChEMBL = |
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| KEGG = D03703 |
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| RTECS = |
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| Gmelin = 115 |
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| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}} |
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| SMILES = O |
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| MeSHName = Deuterium+oxide |
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| StdInChI = 1S/H2O/h1H2/i/hD |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| StdInChIKey = XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-DYCDLGHISA-N |
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| ChEBI = 41981 |
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| ChEMBL = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: 1232306 --> |
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| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} |
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| RTECS = ZC0230000 |
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| Gmelin = 97 |
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| SMILES = O |
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| StdInChI = 1S/H2O/h1H2/i/hD2 |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| InChI = 1/H2O/h1H2/i/hD2 |
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| StdInChIKey = XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| InChIKey = XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACEI |
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}} |
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}} |
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| Section2 = |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = H{{sup|2}}HO or HDO |
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{{Chembox Properties |
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| MolarMass = 19.0214 g mol{{sup|−1}} |
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| Formula = <sup>2</sup>H<sub>2</sub>O |
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| Appearance = ], transparent liquid, very similar to regular water |
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| MolarMass = 20.0276 g mol<sup>−1</sup> |
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| ExactMass = 20.023118178 g mol<sup>−1</sup> |
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| Density = 1.054 g cm{{sup|−3}} |
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| MeltingPtC = 3.81 |
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| Appearance = Very pale blue, transparent liquid |
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| BoilingPtC = 100.74 |
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| Density = 1.107 g cm<sup>−3</sup> |
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| MeltingPtC = 3.8 |
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| Solubility = miscible |
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| BoilingPtC = 101 |
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| LogP = −0.65 |
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| LogP = −1.38 |
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| Viscosity = |
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| Dipole = |
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| Viscosity = 0.00125 Pa s (at 20 °C) |
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| Dipole = 1.87 D |
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| Section7 = |
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{{Chembox Hazards |
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| ExternalMSDS = |
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| NFPA-H = 1 |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| NFPA-F = 0 |
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| NFPA-R = 1 |
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'''Semiheavy water''' is the result of replacing one of the ] (normal hydrogen, {{sup|1}}H) in normal water with ] ({{sup|2}}H; or less correctly<ref>{{cite web |title=Provisional Recommendations |id=§ IR-3.3.2 |website=Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry |series=Chemical Nomenclature and Structure Representation Division |publisher=] |url=http://www.iupac.org/reports/provisional/abstract04/connelly_310804.html |access-date=2024-12-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061027174015/http://www.iupac.org/reports/provisional/abstract04/connelly_310804.html |archive-date=27 October 2006}}</ref>, D).<ref>{{Cite journal| vauthors = Tashakor S |date=2016-09-28|title= Neutronic Investigation of Semi-Heavy Water Application in Hplwr New Flow Pattern |journal=CNL Nuclear Review|language=en|pages=1–5|doi=10.12943/CNR.2016.00019 |doi-access=free}}</ref> It exists whenever there is water with {{sup|1}}H and {{sup|2}}H in the mix. This is because hydrogen atoms ({{sup|1,2}}H) are rapidly exchanged between water molecules. Water with 50% {{sup|1}}H and 50% {{sup|2}}H, is about 50% H{{sup|2}}HO and 25% each of H{{sub|2}}O and {{sup|2}}H{{sub|2}}O, in ].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Goncharuk VV, Kavitskaya AA, Romanyukina IY, Loboda OA | title = Revealing water's secrets: deuterium depleted water | journal = Chemistry Central Journal | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 103 | date = June 2013 | pmid = 23773696 | pmc = 3703265 | doi = 10.1186/1752-153X-7-103 | doi-access = free }}</ref> |
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In normal water, about 1 molecule in 3,200 is HDO ({{sup|1}}H{{sup|2}}HO) (one hydrogen in 6,400 is {{sup|2}}H). By comparison, ] D{{sub|2}}O or {{sup|2}}H{{sub|2}}O<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/heavy-water|title=Heavy water {{!}} chemical compound|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-04-24}}</ref> occurs at a proportion of about 1 molecule in 41 million (i.e., 1 in 6,400{{sup|2}}). This makes semiheavy water far more common than "normal" heavy water. |
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The freezing point of semiheavy water is close to the freezing point of heavy water at 3.8°C compared to the 3.82°C of heavy water. |
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== Production == |
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On Earth, semiheavy water occurs naturally in normal water at a proportion of about 1 molecule in 3,200; because 1 in 6,400 hydrogen atoms in water is deuterium, which is 1 part in 3,200 by weight. HDO may be separated from normal water by ] or ], or by various chemical exchange processes, all of which exploit a ]. Partial enrichment also occurs in natural bodies of water under certain evaporation conditions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Craig |first1=H. |last2=Gordon |first2=L. I. |last3=Horibe |first3=Y. |date=1963 |title=Isotopic exchange effects in the evaporation of water: 1. Low-temperature experimental results |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |language=en |volume=68 |issue=17 |pages=5079–5087 |bibcode=1963JGR....68.5079C |doi=10.1029/JZ068i017p05079}}</ref> (For more information about the distribution of deuterium in water, see ] and ].) |
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== See also == |
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* ] |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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== Further reading == |
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{{refbegin}} |
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* {{cite journal | vauthors = Schwarzer D, Lindner J, Vöhringer P | title = Energy relaxation versus spectral diffusion of the OH-stretching vibration of HOD in liquid-to-supercritical deuterated water | journal = The Journal of Chemical Physics | volume = 123 | issue = 16 | pages = 161105 | date = October 2005 | pmid = 16268674 | doi = 10.1063/1.2110087 | bibcode = 2005JChPh.123p1105S | hdl = 11858/00-001M-0000-0012-E7B7-2 | hdl-access = free }} |
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{{refend}} |
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{{Water}} |
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{{Hydrides by group}} |
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] |
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] |
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{{Chem-compound-stub}} |