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Revision as of 06:37, 23 September 2011 editCheMoBot (talk | contribs)Bots141,565 edits Updating {{chembox}} (no changed fields - added verified revid - updated 'ChemSpiderID_Ref', 'DrugBank_Ref', 'UNII_Ref', 'ChEMBL_Ref', 'ChEBI_Ref', 'KEGG_Ref', 'StdInChI_Ref', 'StdInChIKey_Ref', 'ChEBI_Ref') per [[WP:CHEMVALID|Chem/Drugbox validation← Previous edit Latest revision as of 09:36, 10 October 2024 edit undo162.10.194.178 (talk) balanced the equation properly (it matches the paper quoted as a ref)Tag: Visual edit 
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{{Chembox {{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
⚫ | verifiedrevid = 428739645
| Watchedfields = changed
⚫ | verifiedrevid = 451978784
| ImageFile = Sodium trimetaphosphate.png | ImageFile = Sodium trimetaphosphate.png
| ImageSize = 180px | ImageSize = 180px
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{{cite book | last = Lide | first = David R. | year = 1998 {{cite book | last = Lide | first = David R. | year = 1998
| title = Handbook of Chemistry and Physics | title = Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
| edition = 87 | volume = | edition = 87 | volume =
| location = Boca Raton, FL | location = Boca Raton, Florida
| publisher = CRC Press | publisher = CRC Press
| isbn = 0-8493-0594-2 | pages = 4–86}}</ref> | isbn = 0-8493-0594-2 | pages = 4–86}}</ref>
| IUPACName = | IUPACName =
| OtherNames = Sodium trimetaphosphate | OtherNames = Sodium trimetaphosphate
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CASNo = 7785-84-4 | CASNo = 7785-84-4
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
⚫ | PubChem =
| UNII = 3IH6169RL0
⚫ | PubChem = 24579
| EINECS = 232-088-3
| InChI = 1S/3Na.H3O9P3/c;;;1-10(2)7-11(3,4)9-12(5,6)8-10/h;;;(H,1,2)(H,3,4)(H,5,6)/q3*+1;/p-3
| SMILES = O=P(OP(O1)()=O)()OP1()=O...}} | SMILES = O=P(OP(O1)()=O)()OP1()=O...}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = Na<sub>3</sub>P<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9</sub> | Formula = Na<sub>3</sub>P<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9</sub>
| MolarMass = 305.885 g/mol | MolarMass = 305.885 g/mol
| Appearance = white crystals | Appearance = colorless or white crystals
| Density = 2.49 g/cm<sup>3</sup> | Density = 2.49 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (anhydrous) <br> 1.786 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (hexahydrate)
| MeltingPt = | MeltingPtC = 53
| MeltingPt_notes = (hexahydrate, decomposes to anyhdrous)
| BoilingPt = | BoilingPt =
| Solubility = 22 g/100 g}} | Solubility = 22 g/100 mL
⚫ | Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| SolubleOther = insoluble in ]
| MainHazards =
| RefractIndex = 1.433 (hexahydrate)
⚫ | FlashPt =
}}
| Autoignition = }}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry |Section3={{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = triclinic (hexahydrate)
⚫ | DeltaHf =
}}
⚫ | DeltaHc =
⚫ |Section5={{Chembox Hazards
⚫ | Entropy =
| HeatCapacity = }} | MainHazards =
⚫ | FlashPt =
| AutoignitionPt =
}}
|Section6={{Chembox Thermochemistry
⚫ | DeltaHf =
⚫ | DeltaHc =
⚫ | Entropy =
| HeatCapacity =
}}
}} }}


'''Sodium trimetaphosphate''' (also '''STMP'''), with formula Na<sub>3</sub>P<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9</sub>, is a ] of ]. It has the empirical formula NaPO<sub>3</sub>. It is the sodium ] of ]. '''Sodium trimetaphosphate''' (also '''STMP'''), with formula Na<sub>3</sub>P<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9</sub>, is one of the ]s of ]. It has the formula {{chem2|Na3P3O9}} but the ] {{chem2|Na3P3O9*(H2O)6}} is also well known. It is the sodium ] of ]. It is a colourless solid that finds specialised applications in food and construction industries.<ref name=Ullmann>{{cite book|author1=Klaus Schrödter|author2=Gerhard Bettermann|author3=Thomas Staffel|author4=Friedrich Wahl|author5=Thomas Klein|author6=Thomas Hofmann|title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry|chapter=Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates|series=Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry|year=2008|publisher=Wiley-VCH|place=Weinheim|doi=10.1002/14356007.a19_465.pub3|isbn=978-3527306732|s2cid=94458523 }}</ref>

Although drawn with a particular resonance structure, the trianion has high ].<ref name=G&E>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd|page=530}}</ref>
]. Highlighted is the P3O9 ring and some ]. Atoms are color coded as: purple = P, red = O, cyan = Na, white = H.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1107/S0567740876006560|title=Structure Cristalline du Trimétaphosphate de Sodium Hexahydraté: Na3P3O9*6H2O|year=1976 |last1=Tordjman |first1=I. |last2=Durif |first2=A. |last3=Guitel |first3=J. C. |journal=Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry |volume=32 |issue=6 |pages=1871–1874 |bibcode=1976AcCrB..32.1871T }}</ref>]]

==Synthesis and reactions==
Trisodium trimetaphosphate is produced industrially by heating sodium dihydrogen phosphate to 550 °C, a method first developed in 1955:<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Thilo |first1=Erich |last2=Grunze |first2=Herbert |title=Zur Chemie der kondensierten Phosphate und Arsenate. XIII. Der Entwässerungsverlauf der Dihydrogenmonophosphate des Li, Na, K, und NH4. |journal=Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie |date=December 1955 |volume=281 |issue=5–6 |pages=262–283 |doi=10.1002/zaac.19552810504}}</ref>
:{{chem2|3 NaH2PO4 -> Na3P3O9 + 3 H2O}}

The trimetaphosphate dissolves in water and is precipitated by the addition of sodium chloride (]), affording the hexahydrate.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1002/9780470132340.ch26|chapter=Sodium Metaphosphates |year=1950 |last1=Bell |first1=R. N. |title=Inorganic Syntheses |pages=103–106 |isbn=9780470132340|volume=3 }}</ref> STMP can also prepared by heating samples of ],<ref name=Ullmann/> or by a thermal reaction of ] and sodium chloride at 600°C.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Minh |first1=Doan Pham |last2=Ramaroson |first2=Jocelyn |last3=Nzihou |first3=Ange |last4=Sharrock |first4=Patrick |last5=Depelsenaire |first5=Guy |title=A New Route for the Synthesis of Alkali Polyphosphate from Economical Starting Materials: Preparation and Characterization of Sodium Cyclotriphosphate |journal=Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements |date=1 January 2012 |volume=187 |issue=1 |pages=112–120 |doi=10.1080/10426507.2011.590950|s2cid=98164275 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01634017/file/a-new-route-for-the-synthesis-of-alkali-polyphosphate.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pham Minh |first1=Doan |last2=Ramaroson |first2=Jocelyn |last3=Nzihou |first3=Ange |last4=Sharrock |first4=Patrick |title=One-Step Synthesis of Sodium Trimetaphosphate (Na 3 P 3 O 9 ) from Sodium Chloride and Orthophosphoric Acid |journal=Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research |date=14 March 2012 |volume=51 |issue=10 |pages=3851–3854 |doi=10.1021/ie201085b|s2cid=98235073 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01632407/file/one-step-synthesis-of-sodium-trimetaphosphate.pdf }}</ref>

:{{chem2|3 H3PO4 + 3 NaCl -> Na3P3O9 + 3 H2O + 3 HCl}}

Hydrolysis of the ring leads to the acyclic ]:
:Na<sub>3</sub>P<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O → H<sub>2</sub>Na<sub>3</sub>P<sub>3</sub>O<sub>10</sub>
The analogous reaction of the metatriphosphate anion involves ring-opening by ] nucleophiles.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/chem.201904433|title=Cyclotriphosphate: A Brief History, Recent Developments, and Perspectives in Synthesis|year=2020|last1=Bezold|first1=Dominik|last2=Dürr|first2=Tobias|last3=Singh|first3=Jyoti|last4=Jessen|first4=Henning J.|journal=Chemistry – A European Journal|volume=26|issue=11|pages=2298–2308|pmid=31637774|pmc=7065162}}</ref>


==References== ==References==
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