| Revision as of 17:57, 9 January 2012 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 467567618 of page Stibine for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'CASNo'). |
Latest revision as of 18:54, 13 November 2024 edit 152.23.60.32 (talk) abbreviated id est as i.e., overly confusing |
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{{Chembox |
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{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}} |
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{{chembox |
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| Watchedfields = changed |
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| verifiedrevid = 445854534 |
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| verifiedrevid = 470470898 |
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| Name = Stibine |
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| ImageFileL1 = Stibine.png |
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| Name = Stibine |
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| ImageFile1 = Stibine.png |
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| ImageSizeL1 = 120px |
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| ImageSize1 = 120px |
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| ImageNameL1 = Stibine |
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| ImageName1 = Skeletal formula of stibine |
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| ImageFileR1 = Stibine-3D-vdW.png |
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| ImageFile2 = Stibine-3D-vdW.png |
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| ImageSizeR1 = 120px |
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| ImageSize2 = 120px |
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| ImageNameR1 = Stibine |
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| ImageName2 = Spacefill model of stibine |
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| IUPACName = Stibane |
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| ImageCaption2 = {{legend|#9e63b5|Antimony, Sb}}{{legend|white|Hydrogen, H}} |
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| OtherNames = Antimony trihydride |
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| IUPACName = Stibane |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| OtherNames = Antimony trihydride <br> Hydrogen antimonide |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo = 7803-52-3 |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 8992 |
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| ChemSpiderID = 8992 |
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| InChI = 1/Sb.3H/rH3Sb/h1H3 |
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| InChI = 1/Sb.3H/rH3Sb/h1H3 |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI = 30288 |
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| ChEBI = 30288 |
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| SMILES = |
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| EINECS = 620-578-3 |
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| PubChem = 9359 |
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| RTECS = WJ0700000 |
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| UNNumber = 2676 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII = 0VKZ97K3UB |
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| Gmelin = 795 |
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| SMILES = |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChI = 1S/Sb.3H |
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| StdInChI = 1S/Sb.3H |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = OUULRIDHGPHMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| StdInChIKey = OUULRIDHGPHMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} |
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| CASNo = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: 7803-52-3 --> |
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}} |
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}} |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = H<sub>3</sub>Sb |
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| Formula = SbH<sub>3</sub> |
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| MolarMass = 124.784 g/mol |
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| MolarMass = 124.784 g/mol |
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| Appearance = Colourless gas |
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| Appearance = Colourless gas |
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| Odor = unpleasant, like ] |
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| Density = 5.48 g/L, gas |
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| Density = 5.48 g/L, gas |
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| Solvent = other solvents |
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| Solubility = slightly soluble |
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| SolubleOther = Insoluble |
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| MeltingPtC = −88 |
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| Solvent = ethanol |
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| SolubleOther = soluble<ref name="crc">{{cite book |author1=John Rumble |title=CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics |date=June 18, 2018 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1138561632 |pages=4–41|edition=99th |language=English}}</ref> |
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| BoilingPtC = −17 |
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| pKb = |
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| MeltingPtC = −88 |
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| BoilingPtC = −17 |
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}} |
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| ConjugateAcid = Stibonium |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
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| pKb = |
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| MolShape = Trigonal pyramidal |
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| VaporPressure = >1 atm (20°C)<ref name=PGCH/> |
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| Dipole = |
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}} |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| ExternalMSDS = |
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| EUClass = Harmful ('''Xn''')<br />Dangerous for<br />the environment ('''N''') |
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| NFPA-H = 4 |
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| NFPA-R = 2 |
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| NFPA-F = 4 |
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| RPhrases = {{R20/22}} {{R50/53}} |
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| SPhrases = {{S2}} {{S61}} |
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| FlashPt = Flammable gas |
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}} |
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| Section8 = {{Chembox Related |
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| OtherCpds = ],<br />],<br />]<br />]<br />] |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
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| MolShape = Trigonal pyramidal |
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| Dipole = |
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}} |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| MainHazards = Extremely toxic, flammable and highly reactive |
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| ExternalSDS = |
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| NFPA-H = 4 |
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| NFPA-R = 3 |
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| NFPA-F = 4 |
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| GHSPictograms = {{GHS02}}{{GHS06}}{{GHS08}} |
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| GHSSignalWord = Danger |
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| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|220|330|370}} |
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| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|260|264|270|307+311|321|377|381|403|405|501}} |
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| FlashPt = Flammable gas |
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| PEL = TWA 0.1 ppm (0.5 mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0568}}</ref> |
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| IDLH = 5 ppm<ref name=PGCH/> |
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| REL = TWA 0.1 ppm (0.5 mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH/> |
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| LCLo = 100 ppm (mouse, 1 hr)<br/>92 ppm (guinea pig, 1 hr)<br/>40 ppm (dog, 1 hr)<ref>{{IDLH|7803523|Stibine}}</ref> |
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}} |
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| Section8 = {{Chembox Related |
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| OtherCompounds = ]<br/>]<br/>]<br/>]<br/>] |
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}} |
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}} |
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'''Stibine''' (] name: '''stibane''') is a ] with the formula ]]<sub>3</sub>. A ], this colourless, highly toxic gas is the principal ] of ], and a heavy analogue of ]. The molecule is pyramidal with H–Sb–H angles of 91.7° and Sb–H distances of 170.7 ] (1.707 ]). The smell of this compound from usual sources (like from reduction of antimony compounds) is reminiscent of ], i.e. garlic-like. |
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==Preparation== |
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SbH<sub>3</sub> is generally prepared by the reaction of Sb<sup>3+</sup> sources with H− equivalents:<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Bellama, J. M. |author2=MacDiarmid, A. G. |title= Synthesis of the Hydrides of Germanium, Phosphorus, Arsenic, and Antimony by the Solid-Phase Reaction of the Corresponding Oxide with Lithium Aluminum Hydride |journal= ] |year= 1968 |volume= 7 |issue= 10 |pages= 2070–2072 |doi= 10.1021/ic50068a024}}</ref> |
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:2 Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 3 LiAlH<sub>4</sub> → 4 SbH<sub>3</sub> + 1.5 Li<sub>2</sub>O + 1.5 Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> |
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:4 SbCl<sub>3</sub> + 3 NaBH<sub>4</sub> → 4 SbH<sub>3</sub> + 3 NaCl + 3 BCl<sub>3</sub> |
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Alternatively, sources of Sb<sup>3−</sup> react with protonic reagents (even water) to also produce this unstable gas: |
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:Na<sub>3</sub>Sb + 3 H<sub>2</sub>O → SbH<sub>3</sub> + 3 NaOH |
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==Properties== |
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The chemical properties of SbH<sub>3</sub> resemble those for ].<ref name="Holleman">{{cite book |author1=Holleman, A. F. |author2=Wiberg, E. |title= Inorganic Chemistry |publisher= Academic Press |location= San Diego |year= 2001}}</ref> Typical for a heavy hydride (e.g. AsH<sub>3</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>Te, SnH<sub>4</sub>), SbH<sub>3</sub> is unstable with respect to its elements. The gas decomposes slowly at room temperature but rapidly at 200 °C: |
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::2 SbH<sub>3</sub> → 3 H<sub>2</sub> + 2 Sb |
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The decomposition is ] and can be explosive. |
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SbH<sub>3</sub> is readily ] by O<sub>2</sub> or even air: |
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::2 SbH<sub>3</sub> + 3 O<sub>2</sub> → Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 3 H<sub>2</sub>O |
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SbH<sub>3</sub> exhibits no basicity, but it can be deprotonated: |
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::SbH<sub>3</sub> + ] → NaSbH<sub>2</sub> + NH<sub>3</sub> |
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The salt {{chem2|NaSbH2}} is called sodium stibinide, and contains the stibinide anion {{chem2|SbH2−}}. |
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==Uses== |
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Stibine is used in the ] industry to ] silicon with small quantities of ] via the process of ] (CVD). It has also been used as a silicon dopant in epitaxial layers. Reports claim the use of SbH<sub>3</sub> as a ] but its instability and awkward preparation contrast with the more conventional fumigant ]. |
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==History== |
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As stibine (SbH<sub>3</sub>) is similar to ] (AsH<sub>3</sub>); it is also detected by the ]. This sensitive test detects arsine generated in the presence of ].<ref name="Holleman"/> This procedure, developed circa 1836 by ], treats a sample with arsenic-free ] and dilute ]: if the sample contains arsenic, gaseous arsine will form. The gas is swept into a glass tube and decomposed by means of heating around 250 – 300 °C. The presence of arsenic is indicated by formation of a deposit in the heated part of the equipment. The formation of a black mirror deposit in the cool part of the equipment indicates the presence of ]. |
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In 1837 ] and ] independently discovered stibine. It took some time before the properties of the toxic gas could be determined, partly because a suitable synthesis was not available. In 1876 Francis Jones tested several synthesis methods,<ref>{{cite journal |author= Francis Jones |title= On Stibine |journal= Journal of the Chemical Society |year= 1876 |volume= 29 |issue= 2 |pages= 641–650 |doi= 10.1039/JS8762900641|url= https://zenodo.org/record/2009453 }}</ref> but it was not before 1901 when ] determined most of the properties of stibine.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Alfred Stock |author2=Walther Doht |title= Die Reindarstellung des Antimonwasserstoffes |journal= Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft |year= 1901 |volume= 34 |issue= 2 |pages= 2339–2344 |doi= 10.1002/cber.190103402166|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1426008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Alfred Stock |author2=Oskar Guttmann |title= Ueber den Antimonwasserstoff und das gelbe Antimon |journal= Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft |year= 1904 |volume= 37 |issue= 1 |pages= 885–900 |doi= 10.1002/cber.190403701148|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1426094 }}</ref> |
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==Safety== |
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SbH<sub>3</sub> is an unstable flammable gas. It is highly toxic, with an ] of 100 ppm in mice. |
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==Toxicology== |
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{{For|the toxicology of other antimony compounds|Antimony trioxide}} |
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The toxicity of stibine is distinct from that of other ] compounds, but similar to that of ].<ref>{{cite journal |publisher= Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS) |title= Fiche toxicologique n° 202 : Trihydrure d'antimoine |year= 1992 |url= http://www.inrs.fr/default/dms/inrs/FicheToxicologique/TI-FT-202/ft202.pdf }}</ref> Stibine binds to the ] of red blood cells, causing them to be destroyed by the body. Most cases of stibine poisoning have been accompanied by arsine poisoning, although animal studies indicate that their toxicities are equivalent. The first signs of exposure, which can take several hours to become apparent, are ]s, ], and ], followed by the symptoms of ] (high levels of unconjugated ]), ], and ]. |
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==See also== |
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*] (Sb) |
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*] (AsH<sub>3</sub>) |
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*], also used to produce arsine and stibine in the lab |
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*] |
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*], first used to analyse AsH<sub>3</sub> and SbH<sub>3</sub> |
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*], invented the Marsh test in 1836 |
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*] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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*{{cite journal |publisher= Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS) |title= Fiche toxicologique n° 202 : Trihydrure d'antimoine |year= 1992 |url= http://www.inrs.fr/default/dms/inrs/FicheToxicologique/TI-FT-202/ft202.pdf }} |
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{{Antimonides}} |
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{{Antimony compounds}} |
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{{Hydrides by group}} |
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] |
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] |
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] |