Revision as of 18:32, 9 January 2012 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 444253987 of page TATB for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'CASNo'). |
Latest revision as of 10:11, 1 November 2024 edit Bruce1ee (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers267,769 editsm fixed lint errors – missing end tag |
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{{Distinguish|text=], a highly sensitive ]}} |
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{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}} |
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{{chembox |
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{{chembox |
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| Watchedfields = changed |
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| Verifiedfields = changed |
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| verifiedrevid = 414618644 |
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| verifiedrevid = 470476118 |
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| ImageFile = Triaminotrinitrobenzene.png |
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| ImageFile = Triaminotrinitrobenzene.png |
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| ImageFile1 = TATB-3D-vdW.png |
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| ImageFile1 = TATB-3D-vdW.png |
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| ImageSize = 150px |
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| ImageSize = 150px |
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| IUPACName = 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene |
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| PIN = 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene-1,3,5-triamine |
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| OtherNames = |
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| OtherNames = |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 17272 |
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| ChemSpiderID = 17272 |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = JDFUJAMTCCQARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| StdInChIKey = JDFUJAMTCCQARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: 3058-38-6 --> |
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| CASNo = 3058-38-6 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII = CJP3UNX7Z7 |
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| PubChem = 18286 |
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| PubChem = 18286 |
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| SMILES = c1(c(c(c(c(c1(=O))N)(=O))N)(=O))N |
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| SMILES = c1(c(c(c(c(c1(=O))N)(=O))N)(=O))N |
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}} |
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}} |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
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| C = 6 | H = 6 | N = 6 | O = 6 |
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| C=6 | H=6 | N=6 | O=6 |
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| MolarMass = 258.15 g/mol |
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| MolarMass = 258.15 g/mol |
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| Appearance = Yellow or brown powdered crystals (]) |
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| Appearance = Yellow or brown powdered crystals (]) |
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| BoilingPt = |
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| Solubility = }} |
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| Solubility = }} |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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|Section3={{Chembox Hazards |
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| Section6 = {{Chembox Explosive |
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|Section6={{Chembox Explosive |
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| ShockSens = Insensitive |
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| ShockSens = Insensitive |
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| FrictionSens = Insensitive |
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| FrictionSens = Insensitive |
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| ExplosiveV = 7350 ] |
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| DetonationV = 7350 ] (at 1.80 g/cm<sup>3</sup>) |
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| REFactor = }} |
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}} |
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}} |
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'''TATB''', '''triaminotrinitrobenzene''' or '''2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene''' is an ] explosive, based on the basic six-carbon ] ring structure with three ]s (NO<sub>2</sub>) and three ] (NH<sub>2</sub>) groups attached, alternating around the ring. |
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TATB is a very powerful explosive (somewhat less powerful than ], but more than ]), but it is extremely insensitive to ], ], ], or ]. Because it is so difficult to detonate by accident, even under severe conditions, it has become preferred for applications where extreme ] is required, such as the explosives used in ]s, where accidental detonation during an airplane crash or rocket misfiring could potentially detonate the fissile core. All British ]s use TATB-based explosives in their ].<ref>, UK MOD position statement, 23 January 2006</ref> According to ], ] used TATB to increase their safety.<ref name="Albright">{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VAwAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA37|author=David Albright|magazine=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists|title=South Africa and the Affordable Bomb|date=July 1994|page=44}}</ref> |
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TATB is normally used as the explosive ingredient in ] compositions, such as PBX-9502, LX-17-0, and PBX-9503 (with 15% ]). These formulations are described as ] (IHEs) in nuclear weapons literature. |
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Though it could theoretically be mixed with other explosive compounds in ] mixtures or other use forms, the applications for such forms would be unclear since they would largely undo the insensitivity of pure TATB. |
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==Properties== |
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At a pressed density of 1.80, TATB has a velocity of ] of 7,350 meters per second. |
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TATB has a crystal density of 1.93 grams/cm<sup>3</sup>, though most forms currently in use have no higher density than 1.80 grams/cm<sup>3</sup>. TATB melts at 350 °C. The chemical formula for TATB is C<sub>6</sub>(NO<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>. |
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Pure TATB has a bright yellow color. |
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TATB has been found to remain stable at temperatures at least as high as 250 °C for prolonged periods of time. |
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==Production== |
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TATB is produced by ] of ] to ], then the chlorine atoms are ] with amine groups using ammonolysis. |
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However, it is likely that the production of TATB will be switched over to a process involving the nitration and ] of ], since this process is milder, cheaper, and reduces the amount of ] salt produced in waste effluents (greener){{citation needed|date=October 2012}}. |
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Still another process has been found for the production of TATB from materials that are surplus to military use. ] (TMHI) is formed from the rocket fuel unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (]) and ], and acts as a ] (VNS) ] reagent. When ], which is easily produced from ], is reacted with TMHI it is aminated to TATB.<ref>{{cite tech report|last1=Mitchell |first1=Alexander R.|first2=P. F. |last2=Pagoria|first3=R. D. |last3=Schmidt|title=Conversion of the Rocket Propellant UDMH to a Reagent Useful in Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc670413/m2/1/high_res_d/226422.pdf|publisher=Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory|number=UCRL-JC-122489|date=10 November 1995|s2cid=54794595}}</ref> Thus, materials that would have to be destroyed when no longer needed are converted into a high value explosive.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/S0040-6031(01)00806-1 |title=Advances in the chemical conversion of surplus energetic materials to higher value products |year=2002 |last1=Mitchell |first1=Alexander R. |last2=Coburn |first2=Michael D. |last3=Schmidt |first3=Robert D. |last4=Pagoria |first4=Philip F. |last5=Lee |first5=Gregory S. |journal=Thermochimica Acta |volume=384 |issue=1–2 |pages=205–217 }}</ref> |
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==See also== |
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*] |
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*] |
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*] |
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==Notes== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==References== |
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* Cooper, Paul W., ''Explosives Engineering'', New York: Wiley-VCH, 1996. {{ISBN|0-471-18636-8}} |
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