| Revision as of 12:35, 10 January 2012 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 464844068 of page Tetraethyl_orthosilicate for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: ''). |
Latest revision as of 15:22, 15 May 2024 edit Reconrabbit (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, New page reviewers8,049 edits →Safety: rewroteTag: Visual edit |
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{{distinguish|Tetramethyl orthosilicate}} |
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{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}} |
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{{chembox |
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{{chembox |
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| Watchedfields = changed |
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| Watchedfields = changed |
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| verifiedrevid = 413073665 |
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| verifiedrevid = 470603747 |
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| ImageFileL1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}} |
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| ImageFile1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}} |
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| ImageFileL1 = Tetraethyl orthosilicate.svg |
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| ImageFile1 = Tetraethyl orthosilicate.svg |
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| ImageSizeL1 = 150px |
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| ImageSize1 = 160px |
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| ImageFileR1 = Tetraethyl orthosilicate 3D.png |
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| ImageFile2 = Tetraethyl orthosilicate 3D.png |
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| ImageSizeR1 = 150px |
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| ImageSize2 = 200px |
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| IUPACName = tetraethoxysilane |
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| IUPACName = Tetraethyl orthosilicate |
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| OtherNames = tetraethyl orthosilicate; ethyl silicate; silicic acid, tetraethyl ester; silicon ethoxide; TEOS |
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| OtherNames = tetraethoxysilane; ethyl silicate, tetra-; silicic acid tetraethyl ester; silicon(IV) ethoxide; TEOS; tetraethyl silicate (ortho-) |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 6270 |
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| ChemSpiderID = 6270 |
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| InChI = 1/C8H20O4Si/c1-5-9-13(10-6-2,11-7-3)12-8-4/h5-8H2,1-4H3 |
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| InChI = 1/C8H20O4Si/c1-5-9-13(10-6-2,11-7-3)12-8-4/h5-8H2,1-4H3 |
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| StdInChIKey = BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| StdInChIKey = BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| CASNo = 78-10-4 |
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| CASNo = 78-10-4 |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| PubChem = 6517 |
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| PubChem = 6517 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}} |
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| SMILES = CCO(OCC)(OCC)OCC |
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| UNII = 42064KRE49 |
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⚫ |
| SMILES = CCO(OCC)(OCC)OCC |
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}} |
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}} |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = SiC<sub>8</sub>H<sub>20</sub>O<sub>4</sub> |
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| Formula = SiC<sub>8</sub>H<sub>20</sub>O<sub>4</sub> |
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| MolarMass = 208.33 |
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| MolarMass = 208.33{{nbsp}}g⋅mol<sup>−1</sup> |
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| Appearance = colourless liquid |
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| Appearance = Colourless liquid |
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| Odor = Sharp, alcohol-like<ref name=PGCH/> |
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| Density = 0.94 |
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| MeltingPt = −77 °C |
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| Density = 0.933{{nbsp}}g/mL at 20 °C |
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| MeltingPtC = −77 |
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| BoilingPt = 166−169 °C |
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| BoilingPtC = 168 to 169 |
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| Solubility = decomp |
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| Solubility = Reacts with water, soluble in ethanol, and 2-propanol |
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| VaporPressure = 1{{nbsp}}mmHg<ref name=PGCH/> |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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|Section3={{Chembox Hazards |
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| MainHazards = Toxic |
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| MainHazards = Flammable, harmful by inhalation |
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| FlashPt = 45 °C |
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| FlashPtC = 45 |
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| Autoignition = |
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| AutoignitionPtC = |
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| PEL = TWA 100{{nbsp}}ppm (850{{nbsp}}mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0282}}</ref> |
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| REL = TWA 10{{nbsp}}ppm (85{{nbsp}}mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH/> |
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| IDLH = 700{{nbsp}}ppm<ref name=PGCH/> |
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| LCLo = {{ubl |
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| 1000{{nbsp}}ppm (rat, 4{{nbsp}}hr) |
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| 700{{nbsp}}ppm (guinea pig, 6{{nbsp}}hr) |
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| 1740{{nbsp}}ppm (guinea pig, 15{{nbsp}}min) |
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| 1170 ppm (guinea pig, 2 hr)<ref name=IDLH>{{IDLH|78104|Ethyl silicate}}</ref> |
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}} |
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| LD50 = 6270{{nbsp}}mg/kg (rat, oral)<ref name=IDLH/> |
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'''Tetraethyl orthosilicate''', ] '''tetraethoxysilane''' ('''TEOS'''), '''ethyl silicate''' is the organic ] with the ] Si(OC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>. TEOS is a colorless liquid. It degrades in water. TEOS is the {{Cl|ethyl esters|ethyl ester}} of ], Si(OH)<sub>4</sub>. It is the most prevalent ] of silicon. |
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TEOS is a tetrahedral molecule. Like its many analogues, it is prepared by ] of ]: |
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:SiCl<sub>4</sub> + 4 EtOH → Si(OEt)<sub>4</sub> + 4 HCl |
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where Et is the ], C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>, and thus EtOH is ]. |
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==Applications== |
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TEOS is mainly used as a crosslinking agent in ] polymers and as a precursor to ] in the semiconductor industry.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/S0040-6090(98)01117-1|title=Deposition of thick TEOS PECVD silicon oxide layers for integrated optical waveguide applications|journal=Thin Solid Films|volume=334|pages=60–64|year=1998|last1=Bulla|first1=D.A.P|last2=Morimoto|first2=N.I|issue=1–2|bibcode = 1998TSF...334...60B }}</ref> |
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TEOS is also used as the silica source for synthesis of some ].<ref>Kulprathipanja, Santi (2010) ''Zeolites in Industrial Separation and Catalysis'', Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, {{ISBN|3527629572}}.</ref> Other applications include coatings for carpets and other objects. TEOS is used in the production of ]. These applications exploit the reactivity of the Si-OR bonds.<ref>Rösch, Lutz; John, Peter and Reitmeier, Rudolf "Silicon Compounds, Organic" in ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'', Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002. {{doi|10.1002/14356007.a24_021}}.</ref> TEOS has historically been used as an additive to alcohol based rocket fuels to decrease the heat flux to the chamber wall of regeneratively cooled engines by over 50%.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Ignition! An Informal History of Liquid Rocket Propellants|last=Clark|first=John D.|publisher=Rutgers University Press|year=1972|isbn=9780813507255|pages=105–106}}</ref> |
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TEOS is used in ] industry as an inorganic binder and stiffener for making silica-based ] forms (see also ]).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=June 16, 2022 |title=Связующее Этилсиликат-40, каталог |trans-title=Ethylsilicate 40 binder |url=https://www.himprom.com/products/svyazuyushchee-etilsilikat-40-gost/ |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=www.himprom.com |publisher=ПАО Химпром}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=June 16, 2022 |title=Связующее Этилсиликат-32, каталог |trans-title=Ethylsilicate 32 binder |url=https://www.himprom.com/products/svyazuyushchee-etilsilikat-32/ |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=www.himprom.com |publisher=ПАО Химпром}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable (]).|date=June 2022}} |
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As inorganic binder for coatings (]) of different materials such as steel, glass, brass, and even wood in order to make surfaces water-, oxygen- and high-temperature resistant.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable (]).|date=June 2022}} |
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As additive to solid polymers to enhance adhesiveness to glass, steel or wood.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable (]).|date=June 2022}} |
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As a binder for porcelain ].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=June 16, 2022 |title=Тетраэтоксисилан, каталог |trans-title=Tetraethoxysilane, catalogue |url=https://www.himprom.com/products/tetraetoksisilan/ |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=www.himprom.com |publisher=ПАО Химпром}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable (]).|date=June 2022}} |
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As precursor to ]s.<ref name=":2" />{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable (]).|date=June 2022}} |
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==Other reactions== |
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TEOS easily converts to ] upon the addition of water: |
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:Si(OC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O → SiO<sub>2</sub> + 4 C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH |
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An idealized equation is shown, in reality the silica produced is hydrated. This hydrolysis reaction is an example of a ] process. The side product is ethanol. The reaction proceeds via a series of condensation reactions that convert the TEOS molecule into a mineral-like solid via the formation of Si-O-Si linkages. Rates of this conversion are sensitive to the presence of ]s and bases, both of which serve as ]s. The ] allows the formation of ] and ].<ref>{{cite book|chapter = Functionalization of Silica Nanoparticles for Corrosion Prevention of Underlying Metal|first1 = Dylan J.|last1 = Boday|first2 = Jason T.|last2 = Wertz|first3 = Joseph P.|last3 = Kuczynski|pages = 121–140|title = Nanomaterials, Polymers and Devices: Materials Functionalization and Device Fabrication|editor-first = Eric S. W.|editor-last = Kong|publisher = ]|year = 2015|isbn = 9781118866955|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=djhPCAAAQBAJ&dq=St%C3%B6ber+process&pg=PA131}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|chapter = Nanoparticles and Composites|first = Guido|last = Kicklebick|pages = 227–244|title = The Sol-Gel Handbook: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications|volume = 3|editor1-first = David|editor1-last = Levy|editor2-first = Marcos|editor2-last = Zayat|publisher = ]|year = 2015|isbn = 9783527334865|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9ZSbCgAAQBAJ&dq=St%C3%B6ber+process&pg=PA229}}</ref><ref name = Berg>{{cite book|title = An Introduction to Interfaces and Colloids: The Bridge to Nanoscience|first = John C.|last = Berg|publisher = ]|year = 2009|isbn = 9789813100985|pages = 367–368, 452–454|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=nmZIDQAAQBAJ&dq=St%C3%B6ber+process&pg=PA367|chapter = Colloidal Systems: Phenomenology and Characterization}}</ref> |
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At elevated temperatures (>600 °C), TEOS converts to ]: |
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:Si(OC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub> → SiO<sub>2</sub> + 2 (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O |
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The volatile coproduct is ]. |
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==Safety== |
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Inhalation of TEOS induces eye and nose irritation, and eye contact with the liquid is irritating. High exposure to TEOS can lead to ], but hazards can be reduced by atmospheric humidity and vapor pressure conditions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PubChem |title=Ethyl silicate |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/source/hsdb/534 |access-date=2024-05-15 |website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref> The mechanism of irritation is similar to that of ]. |
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== References == |
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<references/> |
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==External links== |
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] |
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] |