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Revision as of 21:29, 23 July 2011 editRjwilmsi (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers931,939 editsm →Titanium-carbon clusters: Journal cites:, added 1 issue number, using AWB (7751)← Previous edit		Latest revision as of 02:08, 26 December 2024 edit undoKepler-1229b (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users17,955 editsNo edit summaryTag: 2017 wikitext editor
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			{{Redirect|CTi|Taiwanese broadcaster which uses the CTi branding|Chung T'ien Television}}
			{{Expand language|topic=|langcode=uk|otherarticle=Карбід титану|date=December 2024}}
	{{chembox		{{chembox
			| Verifiedfields = changed
	| verifiedrevid = 408700057		| verifiedrevid = 441066916
	| ImageFile = TiC-xtal-3D-vdW.png		| ImageFile = TiC-xtal-3D-vdW.png
	| ImageSize =		| ImageSize =
	| IUPACName =		| IUPACName = titanium carbide
	| OtherNames =		| OtherNames = titanium(IV) carbide
	| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers		|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
	| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite}}		| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
	| CASNo = 12070-08-5		| CASNo = 12070-08-5
			| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
⚫	| PubChem = 16211963
			| UNII = 7SHTGW5HBI
⚫	| SMILES =
		⚫	| PubChem = 4226345
		⚫	| SMILES = #
			| StdInChI = 1S/C.Ti/q-1;+1
	}}		}}
	| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties		|Section2={{Chembox Properties
	| Formula = TiC		| Formula = TiC
	| MolarMass = 59.89 g/mol		| MolarMass = 59.89 g/mol
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	| BoilingPtC = 4820		| BoilingPtC = 4820
	| Solubility = insoluble in ]		| Solubility = insoluble in ]
			| MagSus = +8.0·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
	}}		}}
	| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure		|Section3={{Chembox Structure
	| CrystalStruct = ], ]		| CrystalStruct = ], ]
	| SpaceGroup = Fm<u style="text-decoration:overline">3</u>m, No. 225		| SpaceGroup = Fm<u style="text-decoration:overline">3</u>m, No. 225
	| Coordination = Octahedral		| Coordination = Octahedral
	}}		}}
	| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards		|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
	| MainHazards =		| MainHazards =
	| FlashPt =		| FlashPt =
	| Autoignition =		| AutoignitionPt =
	}}		}}
	}}		}}
	'''Titanium carbide''', ]], is an extremely ] (] 9-9.5) ] ceramic material, similar to ].		'''Titanium carbide''', ]], is an extremely ] (] 9–9.5) ] ] material, similar to ]. It has the appearance of black powder with the ] (]) ].
			It occurs in nature as a form of the very rare mineral '''{{ill|khamrabaevite|uz|Hamroboyevit}}''' ({{Langx|ru|Хамрабаевит}}) - (Ti,V,Fe)C. It was discovered in 1984 on ] in the ],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dunn |first=Pete J |date=1985 |title=New mineral names |url=https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/msa/ammin/article-abstract/70/3-4/436/41735/New-Mineral-Names |journal=American Mineralogist |volume=70 |pages=1329–1335}}</ref> USSR (modern ]), near the Uzbek border. The mineral was named after Ibragim Khamrabaevich Khamrabaev, director of Geology and Geophysics of ], ]. Its crystals as found in nature range in size from 0.1 to 0.3 mm.
	It is commercially used in ]s. It has the appearance of black powder with ]-] ] ]. It is mainly used in preparation of ]s, which are frequently used to ] ] materials at high cutting speed.
			==Physical properties==
⚫	The resistance to ], ], and ] of a ]-] material can be increased by adding 6-30% of titanium carbide to tungsten carbide. This forms a ] that is more ] and susceptible to breakage than the original material.
			Titanium carbide has an ] of approximately 400 GPa and a shear modulus of 188 GPa.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jap/37/10/10.1063/1.1707923 |title=Low-Temperature Elastic Properties of ZrC and TiC |last1=Chang |first1=R |last2=Graham |first2=L |date=1966 |journal=Journal of Applied Physics |volume=37|issue=10 |pages=3778–3783 |doi=10.1063/1.1707923|bibcode=1966JAP....37.3778C }}</ref>
			Titanium carbide is soluble in solid ], with a range of compositions which are collectively named "titanium oxycarbide" and created by ] reduction of the oxide.<ref>{{Cite thesis |title=Production of Titanium Metal by an Electrochemical Molten Salt Process |url=https://kilthub.cmu.edu/articles/thesis/Production_of_Titanium_Metal_by_an_Electrochemical_Molten_Salt_Process/6721160/1?file=12255587 |publisher=Carnegie Mellon University |date=2017-05-01 |degree=thesis |language=en |first=Farzin |last=Fatollahi-Fard}}</ref>
⚫	Tool bits without tungsten content can be made of titanium carbide in ]-cobalt matrix cermet, enhancing the cutting speed, precision, and smoothness of the workpiece. This material is sometimes called high-tech ]s and is used as a ] for ] of ]. The substance may be also polished and used in scratch-proof watches.
			==Manufacturing and machining==
⚫	It can be ] with ].
		⚫	Tool bits without tungsten content can be made of titanium carbide in ]-cobalt matrix ], enhancing the cutting speed, precision, and smoothness of the workpiece.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}}
		⚫	The resistance to ], ], and ] of a ]–] material can be increased by adding 6–30% of titanium carbide to tungsten carbide. This forms a ] that is more ] and susceptible to breakage.{{clarify|reason=why would that be an advantage?|date=July 2015}}
	The mineralogical form is very rare and called khamrabaevite - (Ti,V,Fe)C.
		⚫	Titanium carbide can be ] with ].
	== Titanium-carbon clusters ==
			== Applications ==
	A surprisingly stable cluster with formula Ti<sub>8</sub>C<sub>12</sub><sup>+</sup>, was detected in 1992.<ref name="guo1">{{cite journal|doi=10.1126/science.255.5050.1411|year=1992|month=Mar|author=Guo, Bc; Kerns, Kp; Castleman, Aw, Jr|title=Ti8C12+-Metallo-Carbohedrenes: A New Class of Molecular Clusters?|volume=255|issue=5050|pages=1411–1413|issn=0036-8075|pmid=17801229|journal=Science}}</ref><ref name="guo2">{{cite journal|doi = 10.1126/science.256.5056.515|year = 1992|month = Apr|author = Guo, Bc; Wei, S; Purnell, J; Buzza, S; Castleman, Aw, Jr|title = Metallo-Carbohedrenes M8C12+ (M = V, Zr, Hf, and Ti): A Class of Stable Molecular Cluster Ions|volume = 256|issue = 5056|pages = 515–516|issn = 0036-8075|pmid = 17787948|journal = Science}}</ref> The 20 atoms were conjectured to be arranged as the vertices of a ], with the titanium atoms at the corners of a ] <ref name="guo1"/> However, this claim was soon disputed by ]<ref>{{cite journal|author =L Pauling| title= Molecular structure of Ti8C12 and related complexes|journal= Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA|year = 1992 |volume =89| page = 8175| url =http://www.pnas.org/content/89/17/8175.full.pdf+html|doi =10.1073/pnas.89.17.8175| pmid=11607323| issue=17}}</ref> who proposed an alternative arrangement — with the Ti atoms still at the corners of a cube, but with the carbon atoms pushed inwards so as to be nearly coplanar with the faces of that cube.
			Titanium carbide is used in preparation of ]s, which are frequently used to ] ] materials at high cutting speed. It is also used as an abrasion-resistant surface coating on metal parts, such as ]s and watch mechanisms.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.11.060|title=Decorative black coatings on titanium surfaces based on hard bi-layered carbon coatings synthesized by carbon implantation|journal=Surface and Coatings Technology|volume=358|pages=386–393|year=2019|last1=Gupta|first1=P.|last2=Fang|first2=F.|last3=Rubanov|first3=S.|last4=Loho|first4=T.|last5=Koo|first5=A.|last6=Swift|first6=N.|last7=Fiedler|first7=H.|last8=Leveneur|first8=J.|last9=Murmu|first9=P.P.|last10=Markwitz|first10=A.|last11=Kennedy|first11=J.|s2cid=139179067|hdl=2292/46133|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Titanium carbide is also used as a ] coating for ] of ].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ntWcBAAAQBAJ&q=titanium+carbide&pg=PA406|title=Manned Spacecraft Design Principles|last1=Sforza|first1=Pasquale M.|date=13 November 2015|publisher=Elsevier|page=406|language=en|access-date=4 January 2017|isbn=9780124199767}}</ref>
			] (AA7075) is almost as strong as steel, but weighs one third as much. Using thin AA7075 rods with TiC nanoparticles allows larger alloys pieces to be welded without phase-segregation induced cracks.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newatlas.com/welding-aa7075-aluminum-alloy/58449/|title=New welding process opens up uses for formerly un-weldable lightweight alloy|website=newatlas.com|date=13 February 2019|language=en|access-date=2019-02-18}}</ref>
			== See also ==
			* ], a family of metal-carbon clusters including {{chem2|Ti8C12}}
	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}
	{{Titanium compounds}}		{{Titanium compounds}}
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