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{{chembox |
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| verifiedrevid = 381694959 |
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| verifiedrevid = 428093946 |
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| Name = Titanium tetrabromide |
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| Name = Titanium tetrabromide |
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| ImageFile = TiBr4.png |
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| ImageFile = TiBr4.png |
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| ImageName = Titanium tetrabromide |
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| ImageName = Titanium tetrabromide |
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| ImageFile1 = Titanium-tetrabromide-3D-balls.png |
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| ImageFile1 = Titanium-tetrabromide-3D-balls.png |
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| ImageName1 = Ball-and-stick model of the titanium tetrabromide molecule |
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| IUPACName = Titanium(IV) bromide |
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| ImageName1 = Ball-and-stick model of the titanium tetrabromide molecule |
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| IUPACName = Titanium tetrabromide |
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| OtherNames = Titanium tetrabromide |
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|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
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| OtherNames = Titanium(IV) bromide |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| CASNo = 7789-68-6 |
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| CASNo = 7789-68-6 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| PubChem = 123263 |
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| RTECS = |
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| UNII = 1CBW950X1W |
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| PubChem = 123263 |
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| RTECS = |
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| EINECS = 232-185-0 |
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| StdInChI = 1S/4BrH.Ti/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4 |
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| StdInChIKey = UBZYKBZMAMTNKW-UHFFFAOYSA-J |
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| SMILES = (Br)(Br)(Br)Br |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = TiBr<sub>4</sub> |
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| Formula = TiBr<sub>4</sub> |
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| MolarMass = 367.48 g/mol |
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| MolarMass = 367.483 g/mol |
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| Appearance = brown crystals <br> ] |
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| Appearance = brown crystals <br> ] |
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| Density = 3.25 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| Density = 3.25 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| Solubility = decomposition |
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| Solubility = hydrolyses |
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| Solvent = other solvents |
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| Solvent = other solvents |
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| SolubleOther = chlorocarbons, benzene |
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| SolubleOther = chlorocarbons, benzene |
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| MeltingPt = 39 °C |
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| MeltingPtC = 39 |
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| BoilingPt = 230 °C |
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| BoilingPtC = 230 |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
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|Section3={{Chembox Structure |
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| Coordination = Tetrahedral |
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| Coordination = Tetrahedral |
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| CrystalStruct = cubic, Pa<sub>3</sub>, Z = 8 |
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| CrystalStruct = cubic, Pa<sub>3</sub>, Z = 8 |
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| Dipole = 0 ] |
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| Dipole = 0 ] |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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|Section7={{Chembox Hazards |
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| ExternalMSDS = |
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| ExternalSDS = |
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| MainHazards = corrosive |
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| MainHazards = corrosive |
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| NFPA-H = 3 |
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| NFPA-H = 3 |
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| NFPA-F = 0 |
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| NFPA-F = 0 |
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| NFPA-R = 1 |
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| NFPA-R = 1 |
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| NFPA-O = |
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| NFPA-S = |
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| FlashPt = nonflammable |
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| FlashPt = Non-flammable |
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| GHS_ref=<ref>{{cite web |title=Titanium tetrabromide |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/123263#section=Safety-and-Hazards |website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |access-date=12 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref> |
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| RPhrases = 14-34 |
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| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}} |
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| SPhrases = 26-36/37/39-45 |
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| GHSSignalWord = Danger |
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| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|314}} |
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| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|260|264|280|301+330+331|303+361+353|304+340|305+351+338|310|363|405}} |
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| Section8 = {{Chembox Related |
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|Section8={{Chembox Related |
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| OtherAnions = ]<br />] |
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| OtherAnions = ] <br/> ] <br/> ] |
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| OtherCompounds = ] |
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| OtherCations = ] |
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| OtherCpds = ]<br />] |
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'''Titanium tetrabromide''' is the ] with the ] TiBr<sub>4</sub>. It is the most volatile transition metal bromide. The properties of TiBr<sub>4</sub> are an average of TiCl<sub>4</sub> and TiI<sub>4</sub>. Some key properties of these four-coordinated Ti(IV) species are their high Lewis acidity and their high solubility in nonpolar organic solvents. TiBr<sub>4</sub> is diamagnetic, reflecting the d<sup>0</sup> configuration of the metal centre.<ref>Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.</ref> |
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'''Titanium tetrabromide''' is the ] with the ] TiBr<sub>4</sub>. It is the most volatile transition metal bromide. The properties of TiBr<sub>4</sub> are an average of TiCl<sub>4</sub> and TiI<sub>4</sub>. Some key properties of these four-coordinated Ti(IV) species are their high Lewis acidity and their high solubility in nonpolar organic solvents. TiBr<sub>4</sub> is diamagnetic, reflecting the d<sup>0</sup> configuration of the metal centre.<ref>Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. {{ISBN|0-12-352651-5}}.</ref> |
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==Preparation and structure== |
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==Preparation and structure== |
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==Reactions== |
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==Reactions== |
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Titanium tetrabromide forms adducts such as TiBr<sub>4</sub>(])<sub>2</sub> and <sup>-</sup>.<ref>{{cite journal | journal = ] | year = 1975 | issue = 14 | pages = 1402–1405 | doi = 10.1039/DT9750001402 | title =Pentachloro- and pentabromo-titanate(IV) ions | author = Colin S. Creaser and J. Alan Creighton}}</ref> With bulky donor ligands, such as ] (2-Mepy), five-coordinated adducts form. TiBr<sub>4</sub>(2-MePy) is trigonal bipyramidal with the pyridine in the equatorial plane.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Hensen, K.; Lemke, A.; Bolte, M. | title = Tetrabromo(2-methylpyridine-N)-titanate(IV) | journal = ] | year = 2000 | volume = C56 | issue = 12 | pages = e565 - e566 | doi = 10.1107/S0108270100015407}}</ref> |
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Titanium tetrabromide forms adducts such as TiBr<sub>4</sub>(])<sub>2</sub> and <sup>−</sup>.<ref>{{cite journal | journal = ] | year = 1975 | issue = 14 | pages = 1402–1405 | doi = 10.1039/DT9750001402 | title =Pentachloro- and pentabromo-titanate(IV) ions |author1=Colin S. Creaser |author2=J. Alan Creighton |name-list-style=amp }}</ref> With bulky donor ligands, such as ] (2-Mepy), five-coordinated adducts form. TiBr<sub>4</sub>(2-MePy) is trigonal bipyramidal with the pyridine in the equatorial plane.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Hensen, K. |author2=Lemke, A. |author3=Bolte, M. | title = Tetrabromo(2-methylpyridine-N)-titanate(IV) | journal = ] | year = 2000 | volume = C56 | issue = 12 | pages = e565–e566 | doi = 10.1107/S0108270100015407|bibcode=2000AcCrC..56E.565H }}</ref> |
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TiBr<sub>4</sub> has been used as a Lewis-acid ] in ].<ref>{{cite journal | author = B. Patterson, S. Marumoto and S. D. Rychnovsky | title = Titanium(IV)-Promoted Mukaiyama Aldol-Prins Cyclizations | year = 2003 | journal = ] | volume = 5 | issue = 17 | pages = 3163–3166 | doi = 10.1021/ol035303n | pmid = 12917007}}</ref> |
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TiBr<sub>4</sub> has been used as a Lewis-acid ] in ].<ref>{{cite journal |author1=B. Patterson, S. Marumoto |author2=S. D. Rychnovsky |name-list-style=amp | title = Titanium(IV)-Promoted Mukaiyama Aldol-Prins Cyclizations | year = 2003 | journal = ] | volume = 5 | issue = 17 | pages = 3163–3166 | doi = 10.1021/ol035303n | pmid = 12917007}}</ref> |
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The tetrabromide and tetrachlorides of titanium react to give a statistical mixture of the mixed tetrahalides, TiBr<sub>4-x</sub>Cl<sub>x</sub> (x = 0-4). The mechanism of this ] is uncertain. One proposed pathway invokes the intermediacy of ]s.<ref>{{cite journal | author = S. P. Webb and M. S. Gordon | title = Intermolecular Self-Interactions of the Titanium Tetrahalides TiX4 (X = F, Cl, Br) | year = 1999 | journal = ] | volume = 121 | issue = 11 | pages = 2552–2560 | doi = 10.1021/ja983339i}}</ref> |
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The tetrabromide and tetrachlorides of titanium react to give a statistical mixture of the mixed tetrahalides, TiBr<sub>4−x</sub>Cl<sub>x</sub> (x = 0-4). The mechanism of this ] is uncertain. One proposed pathway invokes the intermediacy of ]s.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=S. P. Webb |author2=M. S. Gordon |name-list-style=amp | title = Intermolecular Self-Interactions of the Titanium Tetrahalides TiX4 (X = F, Cl, Br) | year = 1999 | journal = ] | volume = 121 | issue = 11 | pages = 2552–2560 | doi = 10.1021/ja983339i| url = https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1355&context=chem_pubs }}</ref> |
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==Safety== |
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==Safety== |
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TiBr<sub>4</sub> hydrolyzes rapidly, potentially dangerously, to release ]. |
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TiBr<sub>4</sub> hydrolyzes rapidly, potentially dangerously, to release ], otherwise known as hydrobromic acid. |
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==References== |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Titanium compounds}} |
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{{Titanium compounds}} |
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{{bromine compounds}} |
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