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Revision as of 09:52, 5 September 2011 editLuckas-bot (talk | contribs)929,662 editsm r2.7.1) (robot Adding: pt:Hexacloreto de tungsténio← Previous edit		Latest revision as of 17:06, 25 September 2024 edit undo2601:647:cb02:fd90:a1fa:a92b:c724:8481 (talk) →Preparation and structure: grammar: changed "octahedral" to "octahedral geometry"
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	{{chembox		{{chembox
			|Watchedfields = changed
	| verifiedrevid = 353530744
			|verifiedrevid = 448559102
	| Name = Tungsten hexachloride
			|Name = Tungsten hexachloride
	| ImageFile = Hexachlorotungsten.svg
			|ImageFile = Tungsten(VI) Chloride.jpg
	<!-- | ImageSize = 150px -->
	| ImageName = Tungsten hexachloride		|ImageCaption = α-Tungsten hexachloride
	| IUPACName = Tungsten hexachloride<br/>Tungsten(VI) chloride		|ImageFile1 = Β-tungsten hexachloride.png
			|ImageCaption1 = β-Tungsten hexachloride
	| OtherNames =
			|ImageFileL2 = Hexachlorotungsten.svg
	| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
			|ImageSizeL2 = 115px
	| CASNo = 13283-01-7
			|ImageNameL2 = Tungsten hexachloride
	| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite}}
			|ImageFileR2 = Tungsten-hexachloride-from-xtal-3D-balls.png
	| PubChem = 83301
			|ImageSizeR2 = 100px
	| RTECS = YO7710000
			|ImageNameR2 = 3D view
	}}
			|IUPACName = Tungsten hexachloride<br/>Tungsten(VI) chloride
	| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
			|Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
	| Formula = Cl<sub>6</sub>W
			|CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
	| MolarMass = 396.61 g/mol
			|CASNo = 13283-01-7
	| Appearance = dark blue crystals, moisture sensitive
			|UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
	| Density = 3.52 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
			|UNII = L32HZV95ZE
	| Solubility = hydrolyzes
			|PubChem = 83301
	| Solvent = chlorocarbons
			|RTECS = YO7710000
	| SolubleOther = soluble
			|EINECS = 236-293-9
	| MeltingPt = 275 °C
			|InChI = 1S/6ClH.W/h6*1H;/q;;;;;;+6/p-6
	| BoilingPt = 346.7 °C
			|SMILES = Cl(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl
	}}
	| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
	| Coordination = octahedral
	| CrystalStruct = α:rhombohedral, β: hexagonal
	| Dipole = 0 ]
	}}
	| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
	| ExternalMSDS =
	| EUIndex = Not listed
	| MainHazards = oxidizer; hydrolysis releases HCl
	| RPhrases =
	| SPhrases =
	}}
	| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
	| OtherAnions = ]<br/>]
	| OtherCations = ]<br/>]
	}}
	}}		}}
			|Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
			|Formula = {{chem2|WCl6}}
			|W=1|Cl=6
			|Appearance = dark blue crystals, moisture sensitive
			|Density = 3.52 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
			|Solubility = ]
			|Solvent = chlorocarbons
			|SolubleOther = soluble
			|MeltingPtC = 275
			|BoilingPtC = 346.7
			|MagSus = −71.0·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol}}
			|Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
			|Coordination = ]
			|CrystalStruct = α:rhombohedral, β: hexagonal
			|Dipole = 0 ]
			}}
			|Section4 = {{Chembox Hazards
			|MainHazards = oxidizer; hydrolysis releases HCl
			}}
			|Section5 = {{Chembox Related
			|OtherAnions = {{ubl|]|]}}
			|OtherCompounds = {{ubl|]|]|]|]}}
			}}
			}}
			{{Use American English|date=May 2024}}
			'''Tungsten hexachloride''' is an ] of ] and ] with the ] {{chem2|WCl6|auto=1}}. This dark violet-blue compound exists as ] crystals under ]. It is an important starting reagent in the preparation of tungsten compounds.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|author1=J. W. Herndon|author2=M. E. Jung|title=Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis|chapter=Tungsten(VI) Chloride |year=2007|publisher=Wiley|doi=10.1002/9780470842898.rt430.pub2|isbn=978-0-471-93623-7}}.
			</ref> Other examples of charge-neutral hexachlorides are ] and ]. The highly volatile ] is also known.
			As a ] atom, tungsten hexachloride is ].
	'''Tungsten hexachloride''' is the ] of ] and ] with the ] WCl<sub>6</sub>. This dark violet blue species exists as a volatile solid under standard conditions. It is an important starting reagent in the preparation of tungsten compounds.<ref>J. W. Herndon "Tungsten(VI) Chloride” in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette) 2004, J. Wiley & Sons, New York. DOI: 10.1002/047084289.
	</ref> Cl<sub>6</sub>W is a rare example of a charge-neutral hexachloride, another example being ReCl<sub>6</sub>. Better known than Cl<sub>6</sub>W is the still more volatile ].
			==Preparation and structure==
	As a d<sup>0</sup> ion, W(VI) forms ] derivatives. The hexachloride is ] with equivalent W-Cl distances of 2.24 - 2.26 Å.<ref>J. C. Taylor and P. W. Wilson "The structure of -tungsten hexachloride by powder neutron and X-ray diffraction" Acta Crystallographic (1974). B30, 1216-1220.doi:10.1107/S0567740874004572.</ref> In Cl<sub>6</sub>W, the chloride ]s are donors in both sigma- and pi sense<!-- explain|Does this refer to Molecular Orbitals?
			Tungsten hexachloride can be prepared by chlorinating tungsten metal in a sealed tube at 600&nbsp;°C:<ref name="InorgSyn">{{cite book| title= Inorganic Syntheses| author1 = M. H. Lietzke| author2 = M. L. Holt| chapter= Tungsten(VI) Chloride (Tungsten Hexachloride)| volume = 3| year = 1950| doi = 10.1002/9780470132340.ch44 | page = 163| isbn= 978-0-470-13162-6}}</ref>
			:{{chem2|W + 3 Cl2 → WCl6}}
			Tungsten hexachloride exists in both blue and red ]s, referred to respectively as α and β. The wine-red β can be obtained by rapid cooling, whereas the blue α form is more stable at ]. Although these polymorphs are distinctly colored, their molecular structures are very similar. Both polymorphs feature {{chem2|WCl6|auto=1}} molecules that have ], in which all six W–Cl bonds are equivalent, and their length is equal to 224–226 ]. The densities are very similar: 3.68 g/cm<sup>3</sup> for α and 3.62 g/cm<sup>3</sup> for β. The low-temperature form is slightly more dense, as expected.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=J. C. Taylor |author2=P. W. Wilson |title=The Structure of β-Tungsten Hexachloride by Powder Neutron and X-ray Diffraction |journal=Acta Crystallographica |year=1974 |volume=B30 |issue=5 |pages=1216–1220 |doi=10.1107/S0567740874004572 |doi-access=free|bibcode=1974AcCrB..30.1216T }}.</ref>
	NOTE - this was originally an instance of the "Explain" template, but it was just too messy. So I commented it out. Feel free to remove this bulky comment if you can properly answer the question.
			==Reactions==
	-->.{{Fact|date=November 2008}} Methylation with ] affords ]. Treatment with ] affords a reagent that is useful for deoxygenation of ]s.<ref>{{OrgSynth | author = M. A. Umbreit, K. B. Sharpless | title = Deoxygenation of Epoxides with Lower Valent Tungsten Halides: trans-Cyclododecene | collvol = 7 | collvolpages = 121| year = 1990 | prep = CV7P0121}}</ref>
			Tungsten hexachloride is readily ], even by ] ], giving the orange ]s ] and ], and subsequently, ]. {{chem2|WCl6}} is soluble in ], ], and ].<ref name="InorgSyn" />
			] with ] affords ]:
	The chloride ligands in Cl<sub>6</sub>W can be replaced by many anionic ligands including ], ], and ] (R = alkyl, aryl).
			:{{chem2|WCl6 + 3 Al2(CH3)6 → W(CH3)6 + 3 Al2(CH3)4Cl2}}
			Treatment with ] affords a ] that is useful for ] of ]s.<ref>{{OrgSynth | author = M. A. Umbreit, K. B. Sharpless | title = Deoxygenation of Epoxides with Lower Valent Tungsten Halides: trans-Cyclododecene | collvol = 7 | collvolpages = 121| year = 1990 | prep = CV7P0121}}</ref>
			The ] ] in {{chem2|WCl6}} can be replaced by many ] ligands including: ], ], ], ] and ]).
			] of {{chem2|WCl6}} can be effected with a mixture of ] and ]:<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/zaac.19834970221 |title=Über die Reaktion von 2,2-Dimethylpropylidinphosphan mit Wolframhexachlorid; die Kristallstrukturen von &#91;(Cl<sub>3</sub>PO)WCL<sub>4</sub>(H<sub>9</sub>C<sub>4</sub>CCC<sub>4</sub>H<sub>9</sub>)&#93; und &#91;(H<sub>5</sub>C<sub>6</sub>)<sub>4</sub>As&#93;&#91;WCL<sub>6</sub>&#93; |year=1983 |last1=Uhl |first1=G. |last2=Hey |first2=E. |last3=Becker |first3=G. |last4=Weller |first4=F. |last5=Dehnicke |first5=K. |journal=Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie |volume=497 |issue=2 |pages=213–223 |url=http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-57717 }}</ref>
			:{{chem2|2 WCl6 + Cl2C\dCCl2 + 2 (C6H5)4AsCl -> 2 (C6H5)4As + Cl3C\sCCl3}}
			The W(V) hexachloride is a derivative of ].
			It reacts with ] or ] to form ].<ref>{{cite book | last1=Lassner | first1=Erik | last2=Schubert | first2=Wolf-Dieter | title=Tungsten | publisher=Springer Science & Business Media | date=2012-12-06 | isbn=978-1-4615-4907-9|page=145}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Meyer | first=R. J. | title=Wolfram | publisher=Springer-Verlag | date=2013-09-03 | isbn=978-3-662-13401-6 | language=de|page=207}}</ref>
	==Safety considerations==		==Safety considerations==
	WCl<sub>6</sub> is an aggressively corrosive oxidant, and hydrolyzes to release ].		{{chem2|WCl6}} is an aggressively ] ], and hydrolyzes to release ].
	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
	{{Tungsten compounds}}		{{Tungsten compounds}}
			{{Chlorides}}
	]		]
	]		]
	]
	]		]
	]
	]
	]