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{{chembox |
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{{chembox |
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| verifiedrevid = 402838797 |
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| verifiedrevid = 427000705 |
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| Name = Uranyl carbonate |
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| Name = Uranyl carbonate |
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| ImageFile = <!--Uranium carbonate.png--> |
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| ImageFile = ICSD CollCode87760c.png |
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| ImageName = Uranium carbonate |
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| ImageName = Uranyl carbonate |
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| ImageFile1 = File:Uranylcarbonate.jpg |
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| ImageFileL1 = Uranyl-3D-balls.png |
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| ImageCaption1 = Uranyl carbonate |
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| ImageSizeL1 = 135px |
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| IUPACName = Uranium carbonate |
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| ImageNameL1 = Ball-and-stick model of the uranyl cation |
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| ImageFileR1 = Carbonate-3D-balls.png |
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| ImageSizeR1 = 85px |
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| ImageNameR1 = Ball-and-stick model of the carbonate anion |
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| IUPACName = Uranium carbonate |
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| OtherNames = Uranium Carbonate |
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| OtherNames = Uranium Carbonate |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 14272213 |
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| ChemSpiderID = 14272213 |
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| PubChem = 18364468 |
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| InChI = 1/CH2O3.U/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+2/p-2 |
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| StdInChI=1S/CH2O3.2O.U/c2-1(3)4;;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;;/q;;;+2/p-2 |
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| InChIKey = DSERHVOICOPXEJ-NUQVWONBAM |
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| StdInChIKey = PPSNDTCGUJZXMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
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| SMILES = .C()=O |
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| SMILES = C(=O)().O==O |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} |
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| StdInChI = 1S/CH2O3.U/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+2/p-2 |
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| CASNo = 12274-95-2 |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| CASNoOther = 13021-32-4 |
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| StdInChIKey = DSERHVOICOPXEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
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| CASNo = |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = UO<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>) |
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| Formula = UO<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>) |
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| MolarMass = 330 g/mol |
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| MolarMass = 330 g/mol |
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| Density = |
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| Density = 5.7 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| Solvent = other solvents |
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| Solvent = other solvents |
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| SolubleOther = |
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| SolubleOther = |
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| BoilingPt = }} |
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| BoilingPt = }} |
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'''Uranyl carbonate''', UO<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>), is a ] of ] that forms the backbone of several uranyl mineral species such as ], ] and ] and most importantly ]. It is also found in both the mineral and organic fractions of ] and its fly ash and is the main component of uranium in mine tailing seepage water. |
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'''Uranyl carbonate''' refers to the ] with the formula UO<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>. Also known by its mineral name ], this material consists of uranyl (UO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup>) and carbonate (CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>). Like most uranyl salts, the compound is a polymeric, each uranium(VI) center being bonded to eight O atoms.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Refinement of the Crystal Structure of Rutherfordine|author=Finch R J, Cooper M A, Hawthorne F C and Ewing R C.|year=1999|journal=Can. Mineral.|volume=37|page=929–38}}</ref> Hydrolysis products of rutherfordine are also found in both the mineral and organic fractions of ] and its ] and is the main component of uranium in mine tailing seepage water.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0883-2927(91)90040-V|title=Uranium-series radionuclides in fluids and solids, Milk River aquifer, Alberta, Canada|year=1991|last1=Ivanovich|first1=M.|last2=Fröhlich|first2=K.|last3=Hendry|first3=M.J.|journal=Applied Geochemistry|volume=6|issue=4|pages=405–418|bibcode=1991ApGC....6..405I}}</ref> |
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==Uranyl carbonates as a class of materials== |
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Uranium like other ]s readily forms a ] core (UO<sub>2</sub>). In the environment, this uranyl core readily complexes with carbonate to form charged complexes. Although uranium forms insoluble solids or adsorbs to mineral surfaces at ] ] it is these soluble carbonate complexes that increase its solubility, availability, and mobility with low affinities to soil. Uranium(VI) generally forms a pH-dependent suite of uranyl carbonate complexes in ground water solutions: |
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Many uranyl carbonates exist, rutherfordine being the simplest stoichiometry. Most uranyl carbonates additional components including water and diverse anions and cations.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.jssc.2004.07.050|title=Spectroscopic Characterization of Alkaline Earth Uranyl Carbonates|year=2005|last1=Amayri|first1=Samer|last2 =Reich|first2=Tobias|last3=Arnold|first3=Thuro|last4=Geipel|first4=Gerhard|last5=Bernhard|first5=Gert|journal=Journal of Solid State Chemistry|volume=178|issue=2|pages=567–577|bibcode=2005JSSCh.178..567A}}</ref> |
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A common method for concentrating uranium from a solution uses solutions of uranyl carbonates, which are passed through a resin bed where the ]s are transferred to the resin by ] with a negative ion like chloride. After build-up of the uranium complex on the resin, the uranium is eluted with a ] and the uranium is ]d in another process. |
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*UO<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> |
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*UO<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub><sup>2−</sup> |
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*UO<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub><sup>4−</sup> |
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*UO<sub>2</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)(OH)<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> |
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A common method for concentrating uranium from a solution uses solutions of uranyl carbonates which are passed through a resin bed where the ]s are transferred to the resin by ] with a negative ion like chloride. After build-up of the uranium complex on the resin, the uranium is eluted with a ] and the uranium is ]d in another process. |
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==The uranyl carbonate minerals== |
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Uranyl carbonate complexes form a large class of mineral species. Several have been described in literature. These include: |
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== Uranyl carbonate minerals == |
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Uranyl carbonates include: |
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*] (hydrated sodium calcium uranyl carbonate) |
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*] (hydrated sodium calcium uranyl carbonate) |
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*] (hydrated copper cerium neodymium lanthanum praseodymium samarium calcium yttrium uranyl carbonate hydroxide) |
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*] (hydrated copper cerium neodymium lanthanum praseodymium samarium calcium yttrium uranyl carbonate hydroxide) |
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*] (hydrated uranyl carbonate) |
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*] (hydrated uranyl carbonate) |
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*] (hydrated calcium uranyl carbonate) |
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*] (hydrated calcium uranyl carbonate) |
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*] (hydrated barium sodium calcium uranium yttrium carbonate) |
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*] (hydrated barium sodium calcium uranium yttrium carbonate) |
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*] (hydrated calcium uranyl carbonate) |
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*] (hydrated calcium uranyl carbonate) |
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*] (hydrated calcium magnesium uranyl carbonate hydroxide) |
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*] (hydrated calcium magnesium uranyl carbonate hydroxide) |
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*] (copper uranyl carbonate oxide hydroxide) |
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*] (copper uranyl carbonate oxide hydroxide) |
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*] (uranyl carbonate) |
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*] (uranyl carbonate) |
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*] (hydrated sodium calcium uranyl sulfate carbonate fluoride) |
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*] (hydrated sodium calcium uranyl sulfate carbonate fluoride) |
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*] (hydrated copper cerium neodymium lanthanum praseodymium samarium calcium yttrium uranyl carbonate hydroxide) |
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*] (hydrated copper cerium neodymium lanthanum praseodymium samarium calcium yttrium uranyl carbonate hydroxide) |
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*] (hydrated calcium uranyl carbonate hydroxide) |
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*] (hydrated calcium uranyl carbonate hydroxide) |
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*] (hydrated calcium zinc uranyl carbonate hydroxide) |
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*] (hydrated calcium zinc uranyl carbonate hydroxide) |
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==References== |
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== References == |
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{{Citation style|date=September 2007}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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*{{cite web |url= http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/fs163-97/FS-163-97.pdf|title= Radioactive Elements in Coal and Fly Ash: Abundance, Forms, and Environmental Significance|date=October 1997|work= Fact Sheet FS-163-97|publisher= U.S. Geological Survey|access-date= 22 November 2011}} |
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*{{cite web |url= https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/glossary/ion-exchange.html|title= Ion-exchange|date= 6 October 2011|publisher= U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission|access-date= 22 November 2011}} |
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*{{cite web |url= http://www.swwrc.wsu.edu/reports/WRR-04.pdf|title= Remediation of Uranium Contaminated Mine Waste|first1= Markus|last1= Flury|first2= James B.|last2= Harsh|year= 2000|work= State of Washington Water Research Center Report WRR-04|publisher= State of Washington Water Research Center|access-date= 22 November 2011}} |
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*{{cite web |url= http://www.galleries.com/Carbonates#uranyl|title= The Uranyl Carbonates|work= Mineral Gallery|publisher= Amethyst Galleries|access-date= 22 November 2011}} |
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{{Uranium compounds}} |
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{{Uranium compounds}} |
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{{Carbonates}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Uranium carbonate}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Uranium carbonate}} |
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] |
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] |