| Revision as of 16:34, 10 January 2012 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 459962720 of page Zinc_bromide for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: ''). |
Latest revision as of 01:31, 20 July 2024 edit 31.96.162.142 (talk) →UsesTags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
|
{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}} |
|
|
{{chembox |
|
{{chembox |
|
|
| Watchedfields = changed |
|
| verifiedrevid = 447810735 |
|
| verifiedrevid = 470635987 |
|
| ImageFile = Bromid zinečnatý.PNG |
|
|
|
| ImageFile = Portion of ZnI2 lattice (ICD Code2404).png |
|
| ImageSize = |
|
| ImageSize = |
|
| ImageName = Zinc bromide |
|
| ImageName = Zinc bromide |
|
| ImageFile1 = Zinc-bromide-xtal-3D-vdW.png |
|
| ImageFile1 = |
|
| ImageSize1 = |
|
| ImageSize1 = |
|
| ImageName1 = Zinc bromide |
|
| ImageName1 = Zinc bromide |
|
| IUPACName = Zinc bromide |
|
| IUPACName = Zinc bromide |
|
| OtherNames = Zinc(II) bromide,<br/>Zinc dibromide |
|
| OtherNames = Zinc(II) bromide,<br/>Zinc dibromide |
|
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
|
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
|
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| ChemSpiderID = 22790 |
|
| ChemSpiderID = 22790 |
|
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
|
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
| Line 23: |
Line 23: |
|
| StdInChIKey = VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
|
| StdInChIKey = VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
|
| CASNo = 7699-45-8 |
|
| CASNo = 7699-45-8 |
|
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
|
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
|
| PubChem = 24375 |
|
| PubChem = 24375 |
|
| RTECS = ZH1150000 |
|
| RTECS = ZH1150000 |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
|
|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
|
| Formula = ZnBr<sub>2</sub> |
|
| Formula = ZnBr<sub>2</sub> |
|
| MolarMass = 225.198 g/mol |
|
| MolarMass = 225.198 g/mol |
|
| Appearance = white crystalline powder <br> ] |
|
| Appearance = white crystalline powder <br> ] |
|
| Density = 4.20 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (20 °C) <br> 4.22 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (25 °C) |
|
| Density = 4.20 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (20 °C) <br> 4.22 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (25 °C) |
|
| SolubleOther = very soluble in ], ], ], ] |
|
| SolubleOther = very soluble in ], ], ], ] |
|
| Solubility = 311 g/100 mL (0 °C) <br> 447 g/100 mL (20 °C)<ref name = "Patnaik">Pradyot Patnaik, 2003, Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals, McGraw-Hill Professional, ISBN 0070494398</ref> <br> 538 g/100 mL (100 °C)<ref>http://chemicalland21.com/industrialchem/inorganic/ZINC%20BROMIDE.htm</ref> |
|
| Solubility = 388 g/100 mL (0 °C) <br> 675 g/100 mL (100 °C, for the anhydrous material)<ref name=Brauer/> |
|
| MeltingPt = 394 °C |
|
| MeltingPtC = 394 |
|
| BoilingPt = 697 °C |
|
| BoilingPtC = 697 |
|
| RefractIndex = 1.5452 |
|
| RefractIndex = 1.5452 |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
|
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards |
|
| ExternalMSDS = |
|
| ExternalSDS = |
|
| FlashPt = Non-flammable |
|
| FlashPt = Non-flammable |
|
| EUIndex = Not listed |
|
| NFPA-H = 3 |
|
| NFPA-H = 3 |
|
| NFPA-F = 0 |
|
| NFPA-F = 0 |
|
| NFPA-R = 0 |
|
| NFPA-R = 0 |
|
| NFPA-S = |
|
| NFPA-O = |
|
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related |
|
|Section8={{Chembox Related |
|
| OtherAnions = ],<br/>],<br/>] |
|
| OtherAnions = ],<br/>],<br/>] |
|
| OtherCations = ],<br/>],<br/>] |
|
| OtherCations = ],<br/>],<br/>] |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
|
'''Zinc bromide''' (]]<sub>2</sub>) is an ] with the chemical formula ]]<sub>2</sub>. It is a colourless salt that shares many properties with ] (ZnCl<sub>2</sub>), namely a high solubility in water forming acidic solutions, and good solubility in organic solvents. It is ] and forms a dihydrate ZnBr<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O.<ref name=Ullmann>{{cite book|doi=10.1002/14356007.a04_405.pub2 |chapter=Bromine Compounds |title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry |date=2013 |last1=Yoffe |first1=David |last2=Frim |first2=Ron |last3=Ukeles |first3=Shmuel D. |last4=Dagani |first4=Michael J. |last5=Barda |first5=Henry J. |last6=Benya |first6=Theodore J. |last7=Sanders |first7=David C. |pages=1–31 |isbn=978-3-527-30385-4 }}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
==Production== |
|
|
ZnBr<sub>2</sub> · 2H<sub>2</sub>O is prepared by treating zinc oxide or zinc metal with ].<ref name=Brauer>{{cite book|author1=F. Wagenknecht|author2=R. Juza|chapter=Zinc bromide|title=Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. |editor=G. Brauer|publisher=Academic Press|year=1963|place=NY, NY|volume=1|pages=1071}}</ref> |
|
|
: ZnO + 2{{nbsp}}HBr + H<sub>2</sub>O → ZnBr<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O |
|
|
: Zn + 2{{nbsp}}HBr → ZnBr<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub> |
|
|
|
|
|
The anhydrous material can be produced by dehydration of the dihydrate with hot CO<sub>2</sub> or by reaction of zinc metal and bromine.<ref name=Ullmann/> Sublimation in a stream of hydrogen bromide also gives the anhydrous derivative.<ref name=Brauer/> |
|
|
|
|
|
==Structure== |
|
|
ZnBr<sub>2</sub> crystallizes in the same structure as ]: four tetrahedral Zn centers share three vertices to form “super-tetrahedra” of nominal composition {Zn<sub>4</sub>Br<sub>10</sub>}<sup>2−</sup>, which are linked by their vertices to form a three-dimensional structure.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Crystal Structure of Anhydrous Zinc Bromide |author1=Chieh, C. |author2=White, M. A. | journal = Zeitschrift für Kristallographie | year = 1984 | volume = 166 | issue = 3–4 | pages = 189–197 | doi = 10.1524/zkri.1984.166.3-4.189 |bibcode=1984ZK....166..189C }}</ref> The dihydrate ZnBr<sub>2</sub> · 2H<sub>2</sub>O can be described as (<sup>2+</sup>)<sup>2</sup>(<sup>2-</sup>).<ref>{{cite journal | title = Zinc Bromide Dihydrate ZnBr<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O: a Double-Salt Structure |author1=Duhlev, R. |author2=Brown, I. D. |author3=Faggiani, R. | journal = Acta Crystallographica C | year = 1988 | volume = 44 | issue = 10 | pages = 1696–1698 | doi = 10.1107/S0108270188006584 |bibcode=1988AcCrC..44.1696D }}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
Gaseous ZnBr<sub>2</sub> is linear in accordance with ] theory with a Zn-Br bond length of 221 pm.<ref>{{cite book | author = Wells A. F. | year = 1984 | title = Structural Inorganic Chemistry | edition = 5th | publisher = Oxford Science Publications | isbn = 0-19-855370-6 }}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
==Uses== |
|
|
Zinc bromide is mainly used in servicing oil and natural gas wells, solutions of zinc bromide are used to displace drilling mud when transitioning from the drilling phase to the completion phase or in well workover operations. The extremely dense brine solution gives the fluid its weight of 20 pounds/gallon, which makes it especially useful in holding back flammable oil and gas particles in high pressure wells. However, the high acidity and ] cause corrosion and handling problems. Crews must be issued slicker suits and rubber boots because the fluid is so dehydrating.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Display.cfm?Term=zinc%20bromide | title = Zinc Bromide - drilling fluids | work = Oilfield Glossary | publisher = Schlumberger }}</ref><ref name=Ullmann/> |
|
|
|
|
|
It is the ] in the ]. |
|
|
|
|
|
Zinc bromide solutions can be used as a ] shield against ]. The space between two ] panes is filled with a strong aqueous solution of zinc bromide with a very high ], to be used as a window on a ]. This type of window has the advantage over ] in that it will not darken as a result of exposure to radiation. All glass will darken slowly over time due to radiation, however this is especially true in a hot cell, where exceptional levels of radiation are present. The advantage of an aqueous salt solution is that any radiation damage will last less than a ], so the shield will undergo self-repair.<ref>{{cite journal | url = http://hps.org/meetings/midyear/abstract240.html | title = The Georgia Institute of Technology High-Dose Gamma Irradiation Facility | journal = 32nd Annual Midyear Meeting - Creation and Future Legacy of Stockpile Stewardship Isotope Production, Applications, and Consumption. Poster Session | location = Albuquerque, NM |author1=Blaylock, D. P. |author2=Abu-Jawdeh, E. | publisher = Health Physics Society |date=January 1999 }}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
===In the laboratory=== |
|
|
In ] anhydrous ZnBr<sub>2</sub> is sometimes used as a ]. |
|
|
|
|
|
==Safety== |
|
|
Safety considerations are similar to those for zinc chloride, for which the toxic dose for humans is 3–5 g.<ref name=Ullmann/> |
|
|
|
|
|
==See also== |
|
|
*] |
|
|
*] |
|
|
*] |
|
|
*] |
|
|
|
|
|
==References== |
|
|
{{reflist}} |
|
|
|
|
|
{{Zinc compounds}} |
|
|
{{bromides}} |
|
|
|
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |