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{{chembox |
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| verifiedrevid = 454259557 |
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| ImageFile = Zinc-selenide-unit-cell-3D-balls.png |
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| ImageFile = Zinc-selenide-unit-cell-3D-balls.png |
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| ImageName = Zinc selenide |
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| ImageFile2 = ZnSe.jpg |
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| ImageName = Zinc selenide |
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| ImageFile2 = ZnSe.jpg |
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| IUPACName = |
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| IUPACName = |
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| OtherNames = Zinc selenide<br/>] |
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| OtherNames = Zinc selenide<br/>] |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo = 1315-09-9 |
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| CASNo = 1315-09-9 |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite}} |
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| PubChem = 4298215 |
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| ChemSpiderID = 7969585 |
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| EC_number = 215-259-7 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII = OWX23150D5 |
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| PubChem = 4298215 |
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| SMILES = 123(14)15(38)262(4)132(6()68)(6)35 |
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| SMILES_Comment = zincblende structure |
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| SMILES1 = 147238((4)6)456(6)7878(69)54732819 |
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| SMILES1_Comment = wurtzite structure |
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| SMILES2 = 1(6)723(95)184556787854(94)73428 |
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| SMILES2_Comment = wurtzite structure |
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| StdInChI=1S/Se.Zn |
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| StdInChIKey = SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = ZnSe |
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| Formula = ZnSe |
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| MolarMass = 144.35 g/mol |
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| MolarMass = 144.35 g/mol |
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| Appearance = light yellow solid |
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| Appearance = light yellow solid |
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| Density = 5.27 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| Density = 5.27 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| Solubility = negligible |
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| Solubility = negligible |
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| MeltingPt = 1525 °C |
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| MeltingPt = {{convert|1525|C}} |
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| BoilingPt = |
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| BoilingPt = |
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| BandGap = 2.82 eV (10 ºK) |
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| BandGap = 2.82 eV (10 K) |
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| RefractIndex = 2.67 (550 nm)<br/>2.40 (10.6 µm) |
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| RefractIndex = 2.67 (550 nm)<br/>2.40 (10.6 μm) |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
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|Section3={{Chembox Structure |
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| CrystalStruct = ] (cubic) |
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| CrystalStruct = ] (cubic) |
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| SpaceGroup = |
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| SpaceGroup = |
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| Coordination = Tetrahedral (Zn<sup>2+</sup>)<br/>Tetrahedral (Se<sup>2−</sup>) |
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| Coordination = Tetrahedral (Zn<sup>2+</sup>)<br/>Tetrahedral (Se<sup>2−</sup>) |
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| LattConst_a = 566.8 pm |
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| LattConst_a = 566.8 pm |
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| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry |
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|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry |
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| DeltaHf = −177.6 kJ/mol |
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| DeltaHf = −177.6 kJ/mol |
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| Entropy = |
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| Entropy = |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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|Section7={{Chembox Hazards |
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| ExternalMSDS = |
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| ExternalSDS = |
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| GHSPictograms = {{GHS06}}{{GHS08}}{{GHS09}} |
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| EUIndex = 034-002-00-8 |
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| GHSSignalWord = Danger |
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| EUClass = Toxic ('''T''')<br/>Dangerous for the environment ('''N''') |
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| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|301|331|373|410}} |
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| RPhrases = {{R23/25}}, {{R33}}, {{R50/53}} |
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| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|260|261|264|270|271|273|301+310|304+340|311|314|321|330|391|403+233|405|501}} |
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| SPhrases = {{S1/2}}, {{S20/21}}, {{S28}}, {{S45}}, {{S60}}, {{S61}} |
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| NFPA-H = |
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| NFPA-F = |
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| NFPA-F = |
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| NFPA-R = |
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| NFPA-R = |
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| FlashPt = |
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| FlashPt = |
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| Section8 = {{Chembox Related |
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|Section8={{Chembox Related |
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| OtherAnions = ]<br/>]<br/>] |
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| OtherAnions = ]<br/>]<br/>] |
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| OtherCations = ]<br/>] |
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| OtherCations = ]<br/>] |
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'''Zinc selenide''' (]]), is a light yellow binary solid compound. It is an ] with a ] of about 2.70 ] at 25 °C. ZnSe rarely occurs in nature. It is found in the ] ] named after ]. |
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'''Zinc selenide''' is the ] with the formula ZnSe. It is a lemon-yellow solid although most samples have a duller color due to the effects of oxidation. It is an ] with a ] of about 2.70 ] at {{convert|25|C}}, equivalent to a wavelength of 459 nm. ZnSe occurs as the rare mineral ], named after ]. |
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==Synthesis and properties== |
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==Properties== |
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ZnSe can be made in both hexagonal (]) and cubic (]) crystal structure. |
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ZnSe is available in both hexagonal (]) and cubic (]) ]s. In both cases, the Zn<sup>2+</sup> and Se<sup>2−</sup> sites are tetrahedral. The difference in the structures related to ] motifs, hexagonal vs cubic. |
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Cubic ZnSe is produced by treatment of an aqueous solution of zinc sulfate with ]:<ref>{{cite book|author1=F. Wagenknecht|author2=R. Juza|chapter=Zinc (II) Selenide|title=Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. |editor=G. Brauer|publisher=Academic Press|year=1963|place=NY, NY|volume=2pages=1078}}</ref> |
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It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor of the ] (since ] and ] belong to the 2nd and 6th groups of the ], respectively). The material can be doped ] ] with, for instance, ] elements. ] doping is more difficult, but can be achieved by introducing ]. |
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:{{chem2|ZnSO4 + H2Se -> ZnSe + H2SO4}} |
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Heating the cubic form gives hexagonal ZnSe. |
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An alternative synthesis involves heating a mixture of ], ], and selenium: |
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:{{chem2|2 ZnO + ZnS + 3 Se -> 3 ZnSe + SO2}} |
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It is a wide-bandgap semiconductor of the ] (since ] and ] belong to the 12th and 16th groups of the ], respectively). The material can be ] ] with, for instance, ] elements. ] doping is more difficult, but can be achieved by introducing ]. |
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==Applications== |
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==Applications== |
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* ZnSe is used to form II-VI ]s and ]s. It emits blue light.<ref>{{cite journal |title=ZnSe Light Emitting Diode Quantum Efficiency and Emission Characterization |date=2016 |doi=10.1051/matecconf/20167801114 |last1=Sahbudin |first1=U.K. |last2=Wahid |first2=M.H.A. |last3=Poopalan |first3=P. |last4=Hambali |first4=N.A.M.A. |last5=Shahimin |first5=M.M. |last6=Ariffin |first6=S.N. |last7=Saidi |first7=N.N.A. |last8=Ramli |first8=M.M. |journal=Matec Web of Conferences |volume=78 |page=01114 }}</ref>{{Dubious|ZnSe bandgap is well below blue light region|date=October 2022}} |
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* ZnSe is used to form II-VI ]s and ]s. It emits blue light. |
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* ZnSe doped with ] ('''ZnSe:Cr''') has been used as an ] ] emitting at about 2.5 ].<ref>Cr<sup>2+</sup> excitation levels in ZnSe and ZnS, G. Grebe, G. Roussos and H.-J. Schulz, J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. vol. 9 pp. 4511-4516 (1976) {{doi|10.1088/0022-3719/9/24/020}}</ref> |
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* ZnSe doped with ] ('''ZnSe:Cr''') has been used as an ] ] emitting at about 2.4 ].<ref>Cr<sup>2+</sup> excitation levels in ZnSe and ZnS, G. Grebe, G. Roussos and H.-J. Schulz, J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. vol. 9 pp. 4511-4516 (1976) {{doi|10.1088/0022-3719/9/24/020}}</ref> |
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* It is used as an infrared optical material with a remarkably wide transmission wavelength range (0.45 µm to 21.5 µm<ref name=KayeLaby>http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_5/2_5_8.html Kaye and Laby online at ]</ref>). The ] is about 2.67 at 550 nm (green), and about 2.40 at 10.6 µm (]). Similar to ], ZnSe is produced as ] sheets by synthesis from ] gas and ] vapour. Lasertran (trademark of Rohm & Haas) grade is especially free of absorption and inclusions and is used particularly for ] optics at 10.6 µm wavelength. It is thus a very important IR material. In daily life, it can be found as the entrance optic in the new range of ] and can be just seen as a small yellow window. Zinc selenide can slowly react with atmospheric moisture if poorly polished, but this is not generally a serious problem. Except where optics are use in ] or at the ], ] or ] ]s are generally employed. |
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* It is used as an infrared optical material with a remarkably wide transmission wavelength range (0.45 μm to 21.5 μm<ref name=KayeLaby>https://web.archive.org/web/20190422005411/http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_5/2_5_8.html Kaye and Laby online at ] via archive.org</ref>). The ] is about 2.67 at 550 nm (green), and about 2.40 at 10.6 μm (]). Similar to ], ZnSe is produced as ] sheets by synthesis from ] gas and ] vapour. Another method of producing is a growth from melt under excessive pressure of inert gas (] usually).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://iscrystals.com/page-details.html?cat_id=78&id=91|title=Institute for Single Crystals - Materials and Products - AIIBVI - Passive Laser Optics Elements|first=|date=|website=iscrystals.com|publisher=|access-date=2016-12-28}}</ref> When free of absorption and inclusions it is ideally suited for ] optics at 10.6 μm wavelength. It is thus a very important IR material. In daily life, it can be found as the entrance optic in the new range of ], seen as a small yellow window. Zinc selenide can slowly react with atmospheric moisture if poorly polished, but this is not generally a serious problem. Except where optics are used in ] or at the ], ] or ] ]s are generally employed. |
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* ZnSe ] with ] ('''ZnSe(Te)''') is a ] with emission peak at 640 nm, suitable for matching with ]s. It is used in ] and ] detectors. ZnSe scintillators are significantly different from the ] ones. |
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* ZnSe ] with ] ('''ZnSe(Te)''') is a ] with emission peak at 640 nm, suitable for matching with ]s. It is used in ] and ] detectors. ZnSe scintillators are significantly different from the ] ones. |
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==Chemistry== |
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==Reactions== |
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ZnSe is insoluble in water, but reacts with acids to form toxic ] gas. |
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ZnSe is insoluble in water, but dissolves in concentrated ]. |
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It can be deposited as a thin film by ] techniques including ] and vacuum evaporation. |
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It can be deposited as a thin film by ] techniques including ] and vacuum evaporation. |
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==References== |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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<references/> |
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==External links== |
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==External links== |
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* optical data & more |
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* optical data & more |
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* optical data |
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{{Zinc compounds}} |
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{{Zinc compounds}} |
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{{Selenides}} |
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