Misplaced Pages

166th Aero Squadron
Members of the 166th Aero Squadron in front of a Dayton-Wright DH-4
Active	18 December 1917 – Present
Country	United States
Branch	United States Army Air Service
Type	Squadron
Role	Day Bombardment
Part of	American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)
Engagements	World War I Occupation of the Rhineland
Commanders
Notable commanders	Capt. Victor Parks Jr.
Insignia
166th Aero Squadron Emblem
Aircraft flown
Bomber	Dayton-Wright DH-4, 1918–1919
Trainer	Curtiss JN-4, 1917 Standard J-1, 1917

The 166th Aero Squadron was a United States Army Air Service unit that fought on the Western Front during World War I.

The squadron was assigned as a Day Bombardment Squadron, performing long-range bombing attacks on roads and railroads; destruction of materiel and massed troop formations behind enemy lines. It also performed strategic reconnaissance over enemy-controlled territory, and tactical bombing attacks on enemy forces in support of Army offensive operations.

After the 1918 Armistice with Germany, the squadron was assigned to the United States Third Army as part of the Occupation of the Rhineland in Germany. It returned to the United States in June 1919 and became part of the permanent United States Army Air Service in 1921, being re-designated as the 49th Squadron (Bombardment).

The current United States Air Force unit which holds its lineage and history is the 49th Test and Evaluation Squadron, assigned to the 53d Wing, Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana.

History

Organization and training

The squadron was organized at Kelly Field, San Antonio, Texas on 18 December 1917. After several days, the squadron was moved to Wilbur Wright Field, Dayton Ohio where it received its first training in the handling of Curtiss JN-4 and Standard J-1 aircraft.

On 20 February 1918, the squadron left Wright Field for Garden City, Long Island, New York, where it was one of a group of squadrons concentrated there for shipment overseas. On 5 March it embarked on a White Star Line ship, landing at Liverpool, England on 19 March. The squadron was then moved to Catterick Airdrome, Catterick Bridge, North Yorkshire in England for four and one-half months of training with the Royal Flying Corps. On 7 August the squadron was ordered to France for combat action. It was moved to Southampton on the channel coast where it embarked on a cross-channel ferry to Le Havre, Upper Normandy, France on the night of 12/13 August. From there it was moved to the St. Maixent Aerodrome which was the primary reception center for new units assigned to American Expeditionary Forces.

At St. Maixent, the squadron spent four days being equipped in all manner of equipment necessary for combat on the front, then was moved to Romorantin Aerodrome where the pilots of the squadron were equipped with de Havilland DH-4 aircraft with Liberty Engines. Initially the squadron was scheduled to remain at Romorantin for several weeks of flight training, however the order was given to move to Colombey-les-Belles Airdrome, after just two days. However, when the squadron arrived there, it was informed that the squadron was supposed to go to Delouze Aerodrome, which it arrived three days later. After a series of delays and moves to several different Airdromes the squadron arrived at Maulan Aerodrome in the early hours of 25 September.

Combat operations

At Maulan the squadron set up headquarters, mess and recreation tents and set up the airfield for combat operations. On 18 October, the 166th made its initial combat patrol, when at 14:00 thirteen pilots took off to attack Buzancy. Dropping 800 kg of bombs on the target, the formation was attacked by a formation of eight enemy Fokker aircraft. Two squadron aircraft were crippled, however they were able to make it back to friendly territory. One enemy aircraft was shot down.

Weather conditions prevented further combat operations until 23 October. Thirteen planes took off to conduct a raid on Bois de Barricourt. Six planes reached the objective and dropped 600 kg of bombs. The formation was attacked by ten Fokkers who offered stubborn resistance all the way to the objective and then back to the lines when they turned off. During the combat, three squadron planes were forced to land, however the pilots reached the safety of Allied lines. Two Fokkers were shot down. Continuing poor weather conditions delayed further offensive operations until 27 October when fifteen planes took off on a raid to Briquenay. Nine planes reached the target and dropped 900 kg of bombs. A raid on Montigny two days later was a success with eleven planes reaching the target.

Additional raids on 30 and 31 October ended combat actions when poor weather again moved in. 3 November saw two bombing raids, one on Stengy in the morning, then hitting Beaumont in the afternoon. The last raid by the 166th Aero Squadron occurred on 5 November when eleven planes attacked Montmedy. The attackers were intercepted by eight German Fokkers, one of which being a tri-plane. Severe cloud cover over the target made it impossible to bomb the target, so a secondary target at Raucourt was bombed instead.

Weather conditions prevented further operations up until the Armistice was declared. The squadron was in combat for less than one month. Twelve successful raids were carried out with six enemy aircraft destroyed. No squadrons planes were lost, although one observer was killed, two wounded along with a pilot being wounded.

Demobilization

After the armistice, the 166th remained at Maulan until being ordered to the Third Army Air Service, moving on 22 November to the Joppécourt Aerodrome, then on 5 January 1919 to Trier Aerodrome. On 15 April 1919 orders were received for the squadron to report to the 1st Air Depot, Colombey-les-Belles Airdrome to turn in all of its supplies and equipment and was relieved from duty with the AEF. The squadron's DH-4 aircraft were delivered to the Air Service Production Center No. 2. at Romorantin Aerodrome, and there, practically all of the pilots and observers were detached from the squadron.

Personnel were subsequently assigned to the commanding general, services of supply, and ordered to report to a staging camp at Le Mans. There, personnel awaited scheduling to report to one of the base ports in France for transport to the United States and subsequent demobilization. The squadron finally embarked at Brest for the trans-Atlantic crossing home, arriving in New York Harbor in mid June 1919. There most of the men were demobilized and returned to civilian life.

Lineage

• Organized as 166th Aero Squadron on 18 December 1917

Re-designated: 166th Aero Squadron (Day Bombardment), August 1918

Re-designated as 49th Squadron (Bombardment) on 14 March 1921

Assignments

Stations

Combat sectors and campaigns

Streamer	Sector/Campaign	Dates	Notes
	Meuse-Argonne Offensive Campaign	18 October-11 November 1918

Notable personnel

DSC: Distinguished Service Cross; SSC: Silver Star Citation

See also

• Organization of the Air Service of the American Expeditionary Force
• List of American aero squadrons

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

1. ^ 49 Test and Evaluation Squadron (ACC) AFHRA Lineage and History Archived 27 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine
2. ^ Series "E", Volume 20, Histories of the 149–199th Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
3. Series "H", Section "O", Volume 29, Weekly Statistical Reports of Air Service Activities, October 1918 – May 1919. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
4. ^ Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, Series M, Volume 38, Compilation of Confirmed Victories and Losses of the AEF Air Service as of 26 May 1919
5. "Maurer, Maurer (1978), The US Air Service in World War I, The Office of Air Force History, Headquarters USAF Washington" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
6. Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the First World War, Volume 3, Part 3, Center of Military History, United States Army, 1949 (1988 Reprint)
7. ^ Maurer, Maurer (1978) The US Air Service in World War I, Volume I, The Final Report and a Tactical History, The Office of Air Force History Headquarters USAF Washington
8. ^ Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) . Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History.
9. ^ Series "D", Weekly Statistical Reports of Air Service Activities, October 1918 – May 1919. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
10. Other source says "Julvécourt"... Joppécourt, closer to Germany, is more consistent with a transfer to the Third Army
11. Not in Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) . Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History.
12. United States War Department (1920), Battle Participation of Organizations of the American Expeditionary Forces in France, Belgium and Italy, 1917–1919, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1920
13. "Military Times Hall of Valor Search, 99th Aero Squadron". Archived from the original on 29 August 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2013.

v t e United States Air Force
Leadership	Department of the Air Force Secretary of the Air Force Under Secretary of the Air Force Air Staff Chief of Staff Vice Chief of Staff Director of Staff Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force Four-star generals Three-star generals 1940–1959 2000–2009 2010–2019 2020–present House Armed Services Committee House Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces Senate Committee on Armed Services Senate Subcommittee on Airland Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
Structure	Commands Reserve Air National Guard Field Operating Agencies Installations Direct Reporting Units District of Washington Operational Test and Evaluation Center USAF Academy Major commands ACC AETC AFGSC AFMC AFRC AFSOC AMC PACAF USAFE–AFAFRICA Numbered Air Forces First Second Third Fourth Fifth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Eleventh Twelfth Thirteenth Expeditionary Fifteenth Sixteenth Eighteenth Nineteenth Twentieth Twenty-Second Wings ANG Groups ANG Squadrons ANG Security Forces Civilian auxiliary: Civil Air Patrol
Personnel and training	Personnel Rank officers cadets enlisted Specialty Code Aeronautical ratings Judge Advocate General's Corps RED HORSE Security Forces Medical Service Chief of Chaplains Chief Scientist Training: Air Force Academy Officer Training School Reserve Officer Training Corps Basic Training Airman Leadership School SERE Fitness Assessment
Uniforms and equipment	Awards and decorations Badges Equipment Aircraft Uniforms
History and traditions	History Aeronautical Division / Aviation Section / Division of Military Aeronautics / Army Air Service / Army Air Corps / Army Air Forces "The U.S. Air Force" Air Force Band Airman's Creed Core Values Flag Symbol Memorial National Museum Women Airforce Service Pilots Air Force One / Air Force Two Honor Guard Thunderbirds Service numbers Air & Space Forces Association
Category

• Squadrons of the United States Army Air Service
• Military units and formations established in 1917