1806–07 United States Senate elections

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Dates vary by state

11 of the 34 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
18 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Party	Democratic-Republican	Federalist
Last election	27 seats	7 seats
Seats before	27	7
Seats won	10	1
Seats after	28	6
Seat change	1	1
Seats up	9	2

Results:
Dem-Republican hold Dem-Republican gain
Federalist hold

Majority Party before election

Democratic-Republican

Elected Majority Party

Democratic-Republican

The 1806–07 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1806 and 1807, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.

The Democratic-Republican Party increased its overwhelming control of the Senate by one additional seat. The Federalists went into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (7 out of 34, or 21%) that even if they had won every election, they would still have remained a minority caucus. As it was, however, they lost one of the two seats they were defending and picked up no gains from their opponents.

Results summary

Senate party division, 10th Congress (1807–1809)

Majority party: Democratic-Republican (28)
Minority party: Federalist (6)
Other parties: 0
Total seats: 34

Change in composition

Before the elections

DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇
Majority →									DR₁₈
DR₂₇ Pa. Retired	DR₂₆ N.C. Retired	DR₂₅ Ohio Unknown	DR₂₄ Vt. Ran	DR₂₃ S.C. Ran	DR₂₂ N.Y. Ran	DR₂₁ Md. Ran	DR₂₀ Ky. Ran	DR₁₉ Ga. Ran	DR₁₈
F₇ N.H. Retired	F₆ Conn. Ran	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Beginning of the next Congress

DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇
Majority →									DR₁₈
DR₂₇ Pa. Hold	DR₂₆ Ohio Hold	DR₂₅ N.C. Hold	DR₂₄ Md. Hold	DR₂₃ Ky. Hold	DR₂₂ Vt. Re-elected	DR₂₁ S.C. Re-elected	DR₂₀ N.Y. Re-elected	DR₁₉ Ga. Re-elected	DR₁₈
DR₂₈ N.H. Gain	F₆ Conn. Re-elected	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Key:

DR_#	Democratic-Republican
F_#	Federalist
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.

Special elections during the preceding Congress

In these special elections, the winner was seated during 1806 or before March 4, 1807; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Georgia (Class 3)	James Jackson	Democratic- Republican	1793 1795 (resigned) 1800	Incumbent died March 19, 1806. New senator elected June 19, 1806. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌Y John Milledge (Democratic-Republican) 41 ▌ Barnot (Unknown) 24 ▌ Telfair (Unknown) 13
Kentucky (Class 3)	John Adair	Democratic- Republican	1805 (special)	Incumbent resigned November 18, 1806 after losing re-election; see below. New senator elected November 19, 1806, despite being younger than the constitutional minimum. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌Y Henry Clay (Democratic-Republican) 58 ▌George M. Bibb (Democratic-Republican) 10 ▌John Pope (Federalist) 1
Maryland (Class 3)	Robert Wright	Democratic- Republican	1801 (special)	Incumbent resigned November 12, 1806 to become Governor of Maryland. New senator elected November 25, 1806. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner also elected to the next term; see below.	▌Y Philip Reed (Democratic-Republican) 47 ▌William Hayward (Federalist) 33

Races leading to the next Congress

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1807; ordered by state.

All the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Connecticut	Uriah Tracy	Federalist	1796 (special) 1801	Incumbent re-elected in 1807.	▌Y Uriah Tracy (Federalist) [data missing]
Georgia	John Milledge	Democratic- Republican	1806 (special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1806.	▌Y John Milledge (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Kentucky	John Adair	Democratic- Republican	1805 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected November 13, 1806 on the fourth ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. Incumbent immediately resigned and a new senator was elected to finish the term; see above.	▌Y John Pope (Democratic-Republican) 45 ▌John Adair (Democratic-Republican) 37 ▌Samuel Hopkins (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated
Maryland	Robert Wright	Democratic- Republican	1801 (special)	Incumbent resigned November 12, 1806 to become Governor of Maryland. New senator elected in 1806 or 1807. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner also elected to finish the current term, see above.	▌Y Philip Reed (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
New Hampshire	William Plumer	Federalist	1802 (special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1807. Democratic-Republican gain.	▌Y Nahum Parker (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
New York	John Smith	Democratic- Republican	1804 (special)	Incumbent re-elected February 3, 1807.	▌Y John Smith (Democratic-Republican) 112 ▌John Jay (Federalist) 14
North Carolina	David Stone	Democratic- Republican	1800	Incumbent retired to return to the State Superior Court, and then resigned early (February 17, 1807). New senator elected in 1806 on the seventh ballot. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌Y Jesse Franklin (Democratic-Republican) 102 ▌Thomas Blount (Democratic-Republican) 56 ▌Benjamin Smith (Democratic-Republican) 9 ▌Thomas Davis (Unknown) Eliminated ▌John H. Binford (Unknown) Eliminated ▌David Stone (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated ▌ Capoe (Unknown) 1 Blank 1
Ohio	Thomas Worthington	Democratic- Republican	1803	Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected January 1, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌Y Edward Tiffin (Democratic-Republican) 25 ▌Philemon Beecher (Federalist) 12 ▌John Bigger (Federalist) 2 ▌Return J. Meigs Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 2 ▌Tom Kinkey (Unknown) 1 ▌Tom Tuff (Unknown) 1
Pennsylvania	George Logan	Democratic- Republican	1801 (appointed) 1801 (special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1806. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌Y Andrew Gregg (Democratic-Republican) 49.11% ▌Nathaniel Boileau (Democratic-Republican) 35.71% ▌John Steele (Democratic-Republican) 12.5% Not voting 2.68%
South Carolina	John Gaillard	Democratic- Republican	1804 (special)	Incumbent re-elected December 9, 1806 on the second ballot.	▌Y John Gaillard (Democratic-Republican) 75 ▌Samuel Farrow (Democratic-Republican) 64 ▌Joseph Blythe Eliminated
Vermont	Stephen R. Bradley	Democratic- Republican	1791 1795 (lost) 1801 (special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1806.	▌Y Stephen R. Bradley (Democratic-Republican) 120 Others 60

Special elections during the next Congress

In this special election, the winner was seated in 1807 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Vermont (Class 1)	Israel Smith	Democratic- Republican	1802	Incumbent resigned October 1, 1807. New senator elected October 10, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌Y Jonathan Robinson (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Connecticut (Class 3)	Uriah Tracy	Federalist	1796 (special) 1801 1807	Incumbent died July 19, 1807. Samuel W. Dana (Federalist) was elected to finish the term, but declined the election. New senator elected October 25, 1807 on the second ballot. Federalist hold.	▌Y Chauncey Goodrich (Federalist) 80 ▌A. Spalding (Democratic-Republican) 74 ▌Roger Griswold (Federalist) 17 ▌D. Humphrey (Federalist) 10 ▌J. C. Smith (Federalist) 2 ▌E. Boardman (Democratic-Republican) 1 ▌J. Davenport (Democratic-Republican) 1
Rhode Island (Class 2)	James Fenner	Democratic- Republican	1804	Incumbent resigned September 1807 to become Governor of Rhode Island. New senator elected October 26, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌Y Elisha Mathewson (Democratic-Republican) 57 ▌Jonathan Russell (Democratic-Republican) 18 ▌James Burrill Jr. (Federalist) 2
Georgia (Class 2)	George Jones	Democratic- Republican	1807 (appointed)	Predecessor Abraham Baldwin (DR) died March 4, 1807. Incumbent appointee lost re-election. New senator elected November 7, 1807. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌Y William H. Crawford (Democratic-Republican) 59 ▌George Jones (Democratic-Republican) 27

Connecticut

Connecticut (regular)

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Connecticut (special)

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Georgia

Georgia (special, class 2)

Democratic-Republican Abraham Baldwin died March 4, 1807. Democratic-Republican George Jones was appointed August 27. 1807 to continue the term, pending a special election. Jones ran in the November 7, 1807 special election, but lost to Democratic-Republican William H. Crawford.

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

Class 3

Democratic-Republican James Jackson, who had served since 1793 died March 19, 1806.

Georgia (special, class 3)

Democratic-Republican John Milledge was elected June 19, 1806.

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

Georgia (regular)

Milledge was later re-elected to the next term.

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

Kentucky

Kentucky (regular)

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Kentucky (special)

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Maryland

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022)

1806 United States Senate elections in Maryland

← 1801

November 25, 1806

1813 →

80 members of the Maryland General Assembly


Candidate	Philip Reed	William Hayward
Party	Democratic-Republican
Legislative vote	47	33
Percentage	58.75%	41.25%

The Maryland General Assembly convened to both fill the unexpired term of Robert Wright who resigned to become Governor of Maryland, and to fill the next term. This election was therefore both the regular and special.

Philip Reed won election over William Hayward by a margin of 17.50%, or 33 votes, for the Class 3 seat.

New Hampshire

New Hampshire (regular)

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

New Hampshire (special)

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New York

Main article: 1807 United States Senate election in New York See also: List of United States senators from New York

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North Carolina

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Ohio

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Pennsylvania

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Rhode Island (special)

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South Carolina

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

Vermont

Vermont (regular)

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Vermont (special)

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Notes

Possibly Thomas Telfair
^ 'more than likely…fictional characters'
Dana 96, Asa Spalding (Democratic-Republican) 50, David Humphrey (Federalist) 8

References

"17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. 8 February 2022.
"Georgia 1806 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 11 February 2018., citing Georgia Republican (Savannah, GA). June 27, 1806.
"Kentucky 1806 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 11 February 2018., citing The Western World (Frankfort, KY). November 22, 1806. Aurora. General Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). December 19, 1806.
"Maryland 1806 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 11 February 2018., citing Votes and Proceedings of the Maryland State Senate, 1806. 11–12.
"Kentucky 1806 U.S. Senate, Ballot 4". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 12 February 2018., citing The Western World (Frankfort, KY). November 22, 1806. Aurora. General Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). December 19, 1806.
"New York 1807 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 13 February 2018., citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1807. 38–39. Journal of the New York State Senate, 1807. 13–14.
"North Carolina 1806 U.S. Senate, Ballot 7". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 13 February 2018., citing Legislative Papers for 1806. State Archives of North Carolina, Raleigh.
"Ohio 1807 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 13 February 2018., citing Taylor, William A. (1900). Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901. Columbus, Ohio: Century Publishing Co. p. 96 – via Internet Archive.
"South Carolina 1806 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 14 February 2018., citing The Times (Charleston, SC). December 13, 1806. Charleston Courier (Charleston, SC). December 16, 1806.
"Vermont 1806 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 14 February 2018., citing American Mercury (Hartford, CT). November 6, 1806. Weekly Wanderer (Randolph, VT). October 29, 1806.
"Connecticut 1807 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 12 February 2018., citing Connecticut Herald (New Haven, CT). October 13, 1807.
"Connecticut 1807 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2018., citing American Mercury (Hartford, CT). November 5, 1807.
"Rhode Island 1807 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 14 February 2018., citing Newport Mercury (Newport, RI). November 7, 1807.
"Georgia 1807 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved 12 February 2018., citing Augusta Chronicle (Augusta, GA). November 14, 1807.
"Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Nov 25, 1806". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 5 November 2022.

External links

"Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present" – via Senate.gov.

v t e (1805←) 1806 United States elections (→1807)
U.S. Senate	Georgia Georgia (special) Kentucky Kentucky (special) Maryland Maryland (special) North Carolina Pennsylvania South Carolina Vermont
U.S. House	Connecticut At-large sp Delaware Georgia At-large sp Kentucky Maryland 7th sp Massachusetts Mississippi Territory New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina 10th sp Ohio Orleans Territory Pennsylvania 1st sp Rhode Island South Carolina Vermont Virginia 13th (sp)
Governors	Connecticut Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont Virginia
States and territories	Connecticut Delaware Georgia Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Mississippi New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Vermont Virginia

v t e (1806←) 1807 United States elections (→1808)
U.S. Senate	Connecticut Connecticut (Special) Georgia (Special) New Hampshire New York Ohio Rhode Island (Special) Vermont (Special)
U.S. House	Delaware At-large sp Indiana Territory Massachusetts 12th sp South Carolina 6th sp Tennessee Virginia
Governors	Connecticut Delaware Georgia Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New York Ohio Rhode Island Tennessee Vermont Virginia
States and territories	Connecticut Delaware Georgia Kentucky Maryland Massachusetts Mississippi New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Vermont Virginia

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