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1810–11 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1808 & 1809 April 24, 1810 – August 2, 1811 1812 & 1813 →
All 142 seats in the United States House of Representatives 72 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Henry Clay Timothy Pitkin Party Democratic-Republican Federalist Leader's seat Kentucky 3rd Connecticut at-large Last election 94 seats 48 seats Seats won 107 36 Seat change 13 12
Results:      Federalist hold      Federalist gain      Democratic-Republican hold      Democratic-Republican gain      Dissident Republican hold      Undistricted
Speaker before election Joseph Bradley Varnum Democratic-Republican Elected Speaker Henry Clay Democratic-Republican

The 1810–11 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between April 24, 1810, and August 2, 1811. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 12th United States Congress convened on November 4, 1811. They occurred during President James Madison's first term. Elections were held for all 142 seats, representing 17 states.

One newly elected Representative, Henry Clay, also was elected Speaker.

With the repeal of the Embargo Act of 1807, the economy improved. The opposition Federalists lost voter support and the Democratic-Republicans recovered a supermajority.

Election summaries

State	Type	Date	Total seats	Democratic- Republican		Federalist
				Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Kentucky	Districts	August 6, 1810	6	6		0
New York	Districts	April 24–26, 1810	17	12	3	5	3
North Carolina	Districts	August 9, 1810	12	10	1	2	1
Rhode Island	At-large	August 28, 1810	2	0		2
Connecticut	At-large	September 17, 1810	7	0		7
Georgia	At-large	October 1, 1810	4	4		0
Maryland	Districts		9	6		3
Delaware	At-large	October 2, 1810	1	0		1
New Jersey	At-large	October 8–9, 1810	6	6		0
South Carolina	Districts		8	8		0
Ohio	At-large	October 9, 1810	1	1		0
Pennsylvania	Districts		18	17	1	1	1
Vermont	Districts	November 4, 1810	4	3	2	1	2
Massachusetts	Districts	November 5, 1810	17	9	2	8	2
Late elections (After the March 4, 1811 beginning of the next Congress)
Virginia	Districts	April 1811	22	17		5
New Hampshire	At-large	April 1, 1811	5	4	4	1	4
Tennessee	Districts	August 1–2, 1811	3	3		0
Total			142	106 74.6%	13	36 25.4%	13

Special elections

There were special elections in 1810 and 1811 to the 11th United States Congress and 12th United States Congress.

Elections are sorted by date then district.

11th Congress

12th Congress

Connecticut

Delaware

Georgia

Indiana Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Kentucky

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Kentucky 1	Matthew Lyon	Democratic-Republican	1797 (Vermont) 1803	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌Y Anthony New (Democratic-Republican) 60.3% ▌Matthew Lyon (Democratic-Republican) 39.7%
Kentucky 2	Samuel McKee	Democratic-Republican	1808	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Samuel McKee (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Kentucky 3	Henry Crist	Democratic-Republican	1808	Incumbent retired. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌Y Stephen Ormsby (Democratic-Republican) ▌Philip Quinton (Unknown)
Kentucky 4	Richard M. Johnson	Democratic-Republican	1806	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Richard M. Johnson (Democratic-Republican) ▌John S. Hunter (Unknown)
Kentucky 5	Benjamin Howard	Democratic-Republican	1806	Incumbent resigned April 10, 1810 to become Governor of Louisiana Territory. Democratic-Republican hold. Successor was not a candidate to finish the current term, see above.	▌Y Henry Clay (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Kentucky 6	Joseph Desha	Democratic-Republican	1806	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Joseph Desha (Democratic-Republican) 100%

Maryland

Maryland held its elections October 1, 1810.

Massachusetts

Massachusetts held its elections November 5, 1810. Massachusetts law required a majority for election. This was not met in the 15th district necessitating a second election on April 1, 1811.

Mississippi Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

New Hampshire

New Hampshire law required a candidate to receive votes from a majority of voters (10%). In the initial election, only two candidates won a majority, so a second election was held in April 1811 for the remaining three seats, after the congressional term began but before the Congress formally convened. The data from the source used give majorities to all the top five candidates, suggesting that the data are incomplete.

New Jersey

The Federalists ran no official ticket in 1810, but votes were received for various Federalists in some counties.

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

This was the last election in which Ohio had a single at-large district. Due to rapid population growth in the state, the at-large district had become disproportionately populous by this point.

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Tennessee

Vermont

Virginia

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Virginia 1	William McKinley	Democratic-Republican	1810 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Federalist gain.	▌Y Thomas Wilson (Federalist) 52.3% ▌William McKinley (Democratic-Republican) 47.7%
Virginia 2	James Stephenson	Federalist	1809	Incumbent retired. Federalist hold.	▌Y John Baker (Federalist) 56.5% ▌Daniel Morgan (Democratic-Republican) 43.5%
Virginia 3	John Smith	Democratic-Republican	1801	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Smith (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 4	Jacob Swoope	Federalist	1809	Incumbent retired. Democratic-Republican gain.	▌Y William McCoy (Democratic-Republican) 52.6% ▌Samuel Blackburn (Federalist) 47.4%
Virginia 5	James Breckinridge	Federalist	1809	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y James Breckinridge (Federalist) 58.4% ▌Thomas L. Preston (Democratic-Republican) 41.6%
Virginia 6	Daniel Sheffey	Federalist	1809	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Daniel Sheffey (Federalist) 100%
Virginia 7	Joseph Lewis Jr.	Federalist	1803	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Joseph Lewis Jr. (Federalist) 80.0% ▌John Love (Democratic-Republican) 19.9%
	John Love Moved from the 9th district	Democratic-Republican	1807	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic-Republican loss.
Virginia 8	Walter Jones	Democratic-Republican	1803	Incumbent retired. Democratic-Republican hold. John Taliaferro (D-R) was seated on December 2, 1811, after successfully challenging the election in the House Committee on Elections.	▌Y John Hungerford (Democratic-Republican) 50.2% ▌John Taliaferro (Democratic-Republican) 49.8%
Virginia 9	Open seat			Open seat. Democratic-Republican gain.	▌Y Aylett Hawes (Democratic-Republican) 72.7% ▌George F. Strother (Democratic-Republican) 26.3%
Virginia 10	John Dawson	Democratic-Republican	1797	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Dawson (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 11	John Roane	Democratic-Republican	1809	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Roane (Democratic-Republican)
Virginia 12	Burwell Bassett	Democratic-Republican	1805	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Burwell Bassett (Democratic-Republican) 59.5% ▌John Eyre (Federalist) 40.5%
Virginia 13	William A. Burwell	Democratic-Republican	1806 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y William A. Burwell (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 14	Matthew Clay	Democratic-Republican	1797	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Matthew Clay (Democratic-Republican) ▌John Kerr (Democratic-Republican)
Virginia 15	John Randolph Moved from the 16th district	D-R Quid	1799	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Randolph (D-R Quid) 67.8% ▌John W. Eppes (Democratic-Republican) 32.2%
	John W. Eppes Moved from the 16th district	Democratic-Republican	1807	Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic-Republican loss.
Virginia 16	Open seat			Open seat. Democratic-Republican gain.	▌Y James Pleasants (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 17	Thomas Gholson Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1808 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas Gholson Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 18	Peterson Goodwyn	Democratic-Republican	1803	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Peterson Goodwyn (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 19	Edwin Gray	D-R Quid	1799	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Edwin Gray (D-R Quid) 62.2% ▌Samuel Butler (Democratic-Republican) 37.8%
Virginia 20	Thomas Newton Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1799	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y Thomas Newton Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 97.7% ▌Robert B. Taylor (Federalist) 2.3%
Virginia 21	David S. Garland	Democratic-Republican	1809 (special)	Incumbent retired. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌Y Hugh Nelson (Democratic-Republican) 100%
Virginia 22	John Clopton	Democratic-Republican	1801	Incumbent re-elected.	▌Y John Clopton (Democratic-Republican) 100%

Non-voting delegates

There were five territories with the right to send non-voting delegates to the 12th Congress. Two of them, Illinois Territory and Missouri Territory elected their first representative near the end of the 12th Congress in 1812, while Orleans Territory's seat remained vacant until the territory was admitted as the State of Louisiana.

See also

• 1810 United States elections
  • List of United States House of Representatives elections (1789–1822)
  • 1810–11 United States Senate elections
• 11th United States Congress
• 12th United States Congress

Notes

1. Excludes states admitted during the 12th Congress.
2. ^ Includes late elections.
3. Majority required for election, which was not met in one district, so a second election held April 1, 1811.
4. First ballot held August 27, 1810 but required majority was not met, so a second election was held April 1, 1811.
5. ^ Numbers of votes missing or incomplete in source(s).
6. John Brown's resignation date is unknown, but it had to be after his October 1, 1810 re-election and before the November 15, 1810 special election to replace him.
7. ^ The vacancies, for the remainder of the 11th Congress and the whole of the 12th Congress, were both filled by one ballot. This was the first of three examples of this method being used in Congressional special elections.
8. ^ Based on incomplete returns
9. ^ Only candidates with at least 1% of the vote listed
10. ^ Tied
11. Changed parties
12. Source did not have full name
13. Detailed data not available, but margin of victory given as 223 votes

References

1. ^ "11th Congress March 4, 1809, to March 3, 1811". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
2. "New York 1810 U.S. House of Representatives, District 2, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
3. "Connecticut 1810 U.S. House of Representatives, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 14, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
4. "Maryland 1810 U.S. House of Representatives, District 4, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 17, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
5. "Massachusetts 1810 U.S. House of Representatives, Worcester South District, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 2, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
6. "Massachusetts 1810 U.S. House of Representatives, Worcester North District, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 15, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
7. "New Jersey 1810 U.S. House of Representatives, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
8. ^ "Maryland 1810 U.S. House of Representatives, District 7, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 3, 2020. Retrieved October 9, 2018.
9. "South Carolina 1811 U.S. House of Representatives, District 1, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 12, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
10. ^ "12th Congress March 4, 1811, to March 3, 1813". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on September 22, 2018. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
11. "Maryland 1811 U.S. House of Representatives, District 6, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 1, 2020. Retrieved October 9, 2018.
12. "Massachusetts 1811 U.S. House of Representatives, Middlesex District, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
13. "Massachusetts 1811 U.S. House of Representatives, Middlesex District, Special, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 15, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
14. "NH At-Large". January 4, 2011. Retrieved October 9, 2018 – via OurCampaigns.com.
15. "NH At-Large - Runoff". January 4, 2011. Retrieved October 9, 2018 – via OurCampaigns.com.
16. Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project
17. "Virginia 1811 U.S. House of Representatives, District 1". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 2, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2018.
18. "Virginia 1811 U.S. House of Representatives, District 8". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 7, 2020. Retrieved October 3, 2018.

Bibliography

• "A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825". Tufts Digital Library, Tufts University. Archived from the original on January 29, 2015. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). 1788 United States Congressional Elections-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
• Mapping Early American Elections project team (2019). "Mapping Early American Elections". Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media, George Mason University. Retrieved 2024-09-06.

External links

• Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

• 1810 United States House of Representatives elections
• 1811 United States House of Representatives elections