1812–13 United States Senate elections

(Redirected from 1813 United States Senate special election in New Hampshire)

Dates vary by state

12 of the 36 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections)
19 seats needed for a majority

	Majority party	Minority party

Party	Democratic-Republican	Federalist
Last election	27 seats	7 seats
Seats before	30	6
Seats won	8	4
Seats after	28	8
Seat change	2	2
Seats up	10	2

Results:
     Federalist hold      Federalist gain
     Dem-Republican hold      Dem-Republican gain
     Legislature Failed To Elect

Majority Party before election

Democratic-Republican

Elected Majority Party

Democratic-Republican

The 1812–13 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with President James Madison's re-election. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1812 and 1813, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.

The Democratic-Republican Party lost two seats but still retained an overwhelming Senate majority. As in recent elections, the minority Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (6 out of 36, or 16.7%) that if they had won every one of the elections, they would still not have controlled a majority.

Change in composition

Before the elections

Composition after September 1812 elections in the new state of Louisiana.

DR₈	DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇	DR₁₈
Majority →									DR₁₉
DR₂₈ Pa. Retired	DR₂₇ Ohio Retired	DR₂₆ N.C. Retired	DR₂₅ Ky. Retired	DR₂₄ Md. Unknown	DR₂₃ La. Unknown	DR₂₂ S.C. Ran	DR₂₁ N.Y. Ran	DR₂₀ Ga. Ran	DR₁₉
DR₂₉ Vt. Retired	F₇ N.H. Ran	F₆ Conn. Ran	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Result of the regular elections

DR₈	DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇	DR₁₈
Majority →									DR₁₉
V₁ Md. DR Loss	DR₂₇ S.C. Re-elected	DR₂₆ Ga. Re-elected	DR₂₅ Vt. Hold	DR₂₄ Pa. Hold	DR₂₃ Ohio Hold	DR₂₂ N.C. Hold	DR₂₁ La. Hold	DR₂₀ Ky. Hold	DR₁₉
V₂ N.H. F Loss	F₆ N.Y. Gain	F₅ Conn. Re-elected	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Key:

DR_#	Democratic-Republican
F_#	Federalist
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 12th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1812 or before March 4, 1813; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Louisiana (Class 2)	None (new state)			Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812. Inaugural senator elected September 3, 1812. Democratic-Republican gain.	▌Y Jean Destréhan (Democratic-Republican) 21 ▌Y Allan Magruder (Democratic-Republican) 21 ▌James Brown (Democratic-Republican) 16 ▌Eligius Fromentin (Democratic-Republican) 5 ▌Livingston (Unknown) 3
Louisiana (Class 3)	None (new state)			Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812. Inaugural senator elected September 3, 1812. Democratic-Republican gain.
Louisiana (Class 2)	Thomas Posey	Democratic- Republican	1812 (appointed)	Jean Destréhan had resigned October 1, 1812 without having qualified. Interim successor appointed October 8, 1812. Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected February 4, 1813 on the second ballot. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌Y James Brown (Democratic-Republican) 26 ▌Thomas Posey (Democratic-Republican) 14 ▌Fulwar Skipwith (Unknown) Eliminated

Races leading to the 13th Congress

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1813 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Connecticut	Chauncey Goodrich	Federalist	1807 (special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1813.	▌Y Chauncey Goodrich (Federalist) [data missing]
Georgia	Charles Tait	Democratic- Republican	1809 (special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1813.	▌Y Charles Tait (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Kentucky	John Pope	Democratic- Republican	1806	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 12, 1813 on the third ballot. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌Y Jesse Bledsoe (Democratic-Republican) 56 ▌Stephen Ormsby (Democratic-Republican) 51 ▌Anthony Butler (Unknown) Eliminated ▌Isham Talbot (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated
Louisiana	Allan B. Magruder	Democratic- Republican	1812	Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1813. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌Y Eligius Fromentin (Democratic-Republican) 25 ▌Thomas Posey (Democratic-Republican) 13 ▌Richard Butler (Unknown) 6 Blank
Maryland	Philip Reed	Democratic- Republican	1806 (special) 1806	Incumbent retired or lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic-Republican loss.	[data missing]
New Hampshire	Charles Cutts	Federalist	1810 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect after 12 ballots. Federalist loss.	▌Jedediah Kilburn Smith (Democratic-Republican) 89 ▌John Goddard (Unknown) 83 ▌Charles Cutts (Federalist) 3 ▌David L. Morril (Democratic-Republican) 1
New York	John Smith	Democratic- Republican	1804 (special) 1807	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 2, 1813. Federalist gain.	▌Y Rufus King (Federalist) 51.5% ▌James W. Wilkin (Democratic-Republican) 46.2% ▌John Smith (Democratic-Republican) 2.3%
North Carolina	Jesse Franklin	Democratic- Republican	1799 1804 (lost) 1806	Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1812. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌Y David Stone (Democratic-Republican) 100 ▌Archibald Murphey (Democratic-Republican) 83 ▌Thomas Davis (Democratic-Republican) 12
Ohio	Alexander Campbell	Democratic- Republican	1809 (special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected February 6, 1813. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌Y Jeremiah Morrow (Democratic-Republican) 63 ▌Calvin Pease (Unknown) 18
Pennsylvania	Andrew Gregg	Democratic- Republican	1806	Incumbent retired. New senator elected December 8, 1812. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌Y Abner Lacock (Democratic-Republican) 63 ▌Daniel Montgomery Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 26 ▌James Brady (Independent) 22 ▌Isaac Weaver Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 6 Not voting 5
South Carolina	John Gaillard	Democratic- Republican	1804 (special) 1806	Incumbent re-elected in late 1812.	▌Y John Gaillard (Democratic-Republican) 118 ▌Henry Middleton (Democratic-Republican) 37 ▌James Gowdy (Unknown) 1
Vermont	Stephen R. Bradley	Democratic- Republican	1791 1795 (lost) 1801 (special) 1806	Incumbent retired. New senator elected October 21, 1812. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌Y Dudley Chase (Democratic-Republican) ▌Royall Tyler (Democratic-Republican) 94 Scattering 4

Special elections during the 13th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1813 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Massachusetts (Class 1)	James Lloyd	Federalist	1808 (special) 1808	Resigned May 1, 1813. New senator elected May 5, 1813. Federalist hold.	▌Y Christopher Gore (Federalist) 381 ▌William King (Democratic-Republican) 10 Scattering 102
Connecticut (Class 3)	Chauncey Goodrich	Federalist	1807 (special) 1812	Incumbent resigned May 13, 1813 to become Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut. New senator elected May 13, 1813. Federalist hold.	▌Y David Daggett (Federalist) [data missing]
Maryland (Class 3)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected May 21, 1813. Federalist gain.	▌Y Robert Henry Goldsborough (Federalist) 53 ▌Edward Lloyd (Democratic-Republican) 35
Delaware (Class 2)	James A. Bayard	Federalist	1804 (special) 1805 1811	Resigned March 3, 1813. New senator elected May 21, 1813. Federalist hold.	▌Y William H. Wells (Federalist) 14 ▌George Monro (Democratic-Republican) 10 ▌Richard Bassett (Federalist) 1
New Hampshire (Class 3)	Charles Cutts	Federalist	1810 (special) 1813 (appointed)	Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected June 10, 1813 on the second ballot. Federalist hold.	▌Y Jeremiah Mason (Federalist) 129 ▌Charles Cutts (Federalist) 39 ▌John Goddard (Unknown) Eliminated Scattering 4
Georgia (Class 2)	William Bulloch	Democratic- Republican	1813 (appointed)	Interim appointee retired or lost re-election. New senator elected November 6, 1813. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌Y William W. Bibb (Democratic-Republican) 79 ▌J. Macintosh (Unknown) 39

Connecticut

Connecticut (regular)

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Connecticut (special)

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Delaware (special)

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Georgia

Georgia (regular)

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Georgia (special)

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

Kentucky

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

Louisiana

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

Maryland

Maryland (regular)

The Maryland legislature failed to elect a senator before the March 3, 1813, the beginning of the term. Robert Henry Goldsborough was appointed to fill the seat.

Maryland (special)

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022)

1813 United States Senate special election in Maryland

← 1806

May 20, 1813

1819 →

80 members of the Maryland General Assembly


Candidate	Robert Henry Goldsborough	Edward Lloyd
Party	Federalist	Democratic-Republican
Legislative vote	47	35
Percentage	58.75%	41.25%

Robert H. Goldsborough won election over Edward Lloyd by a margin of 20.45%, or 18 votes, for the Class 3 seat.

Massachusetts (special)

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New Hampshire

New Hampshire (regular)

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New Hampshire (special)

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New York

Main article: 1813 United States Senate election in New York See also: List of United States senators from New York

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North Carolina

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Ohio

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Pennsylvania

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South Carolina

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Vermont

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2019)

References

"17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
"Louisiana 1812 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 22, 2018., citing American Watchman; and Delaware Republican (Wilmington, DE). October 14, 1812.
"Louisiana 1812 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 22, 2018., citing The Louisiana Gazette and New-Orleans Advertiser (New Orleans, LA). December 3, 1812.
"Kentucky 1813 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 22, 2018., citing Muskingum Messenger (Zanesville, OH). January 27, 1813.
"Louisiana 1813 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018., citing Courrier de la Louisiane (New Orleans, LA). January 22, 1813.
"New Hampshire 1812 U.S. Senate, Ballot 12". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018., citing Concord Gazette (Concord, NH). December 29, 1812.
"NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. August 8, 2012. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
"North Carolina 1812 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018., citing The Star (Raleigh, NC). December 11, 1812.
Taylor, William A. (1900). Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 with Notes and Sketches of Senators and Representatives and Other Historical Data and Incidents. Columbus, Ohio: The XX. Century Publishing Co. p. 98 – via Google Books.
"Pennsylvania 1812 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018., citing Journal of the Pennsylvania State Senate, 1812. 41–43.
^ "South Carolina 1812 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018., citing City Gazette and Commercial Advertiser (Charleston, SC). December 10, 1812.
"Vermont 1812 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Archived from the original on March 2, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2018., citing Columbian Phenix: or, Providence Patriot (Providence, RI). October 31, 1812.
"Massachusetts 1813 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018., citing The Virginia Patriot (Richmond, VA). June 11, 1813.
"Maryland 1813 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018., citing Republican Star or Eastern Shore General Advertiser (Easton, MD). May 25, 1813.
"Delaware 1813 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018., citing Journal of the Delaware State Senate, 1813. 12.
"New Hampshire 1813 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018., citing Portsmouth Oracle (Portsmouth, NH). June 12, 1813.
"Georgia 1813 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 23, 2018., citing Liberty Hall (Cincinnati, OH). December 14, 1813.
"Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - May 20, 1813". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2022-11-05.

External links

Party Division in the Senate, 1789–Present, via Senate.gov

v t e (1811←) 1812 United States elections (→1813)
U.S. President	1812 United States presidential election
U.S. Senate	Connecticut Louisiana North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania South Carolina Vermont
U.S. House	Connecticut Delaware Georgia At-large sp Indiana Territory Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts 17th sp Missouri Territory New Hampshire New York 6th sp Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Vermont
Governors	Connecticut Kentucky Louisiana Massachusetts New Hampshire Ohio Rhode Island Vermont Virginia Jan.
States and territories	Connecticut Delaware Georgia Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Vermont Virginia

v t e (1812←) 1813 United States elections (→1814)
U.S. Senate	Connecticut Connecticut (Special) Delaware (Special) Georgia Georgia (Special) Kentucky Louisiana Louisiana (Special) Maryland (Special) Massachusetts (Special) New Hampshire (Special) Ohio South Carolina
U.S. House	Georgia At-large sp Kentucky 8th sp Massachusetts New Jersey New York 2nd sp 15th sp North Carolina 3rd sp Ohio 3rd sp 6th sp Pennsylvania 3rd sp 5th sp 7th sp 13th sp 15th sp Tennessee Virginia
Governors	Connecticut Delaware Georgia Massachusetts New Hampshire New York Rhode Island Tennessee Vermont Virginia
States and territories	Connecticut Delaware Georgia Kentucky Louisiana Maryland Massachusetts Mississippi New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Vermont Virginia

United States Senate elections

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Odd-year specials	1921 1923 1925 1931 1933 1937 1941 1947 1949 1957 1959 1961 1974–75 1983 1991 1993 2013 2017 2020–21 List of all specials

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