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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1851.

Arthropods

Insects

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Toxorhina brevipalpa	Sp. nov	jr synonym	Loew	Middle Eocene	Baltic amber	Europe	A Limoniid cranefly, jr syn of Elephantomyia brevipalpa
Toxorhina longirostris	Sp. nov	jr synonym	Loew	Middle Eocene	Baltic amber	Europe	A Limoniid cranefly, jr syn of Elephantomyia longirostris
Toxorhina pulchella	Sp. nov	jr synonym	Loew	Middle Eocene	Baltic amber	Europe	A Limoniid cranefly, jr syn of Elephantomyia pulchella

Archosauromorphs

Newly named phytosaurs

Plesiosaurs

Newly named plesiosaurs

References

1. Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
2. ^ Kania, I (2015). "Subfamily Limoniinae Speiser, 1909 (Diptera, Limoniidae) from Baltic Amber (Eocene): The Genus Elephantomyia Osten Sacken, 1860". PLOS ONE. 10 (2): 1–25. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1017434K. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117434. PMC 4338262. PMID 25706127.
3. Lea, I. 1851. Remarks on the bones of a fossil reptilian quadruped. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 5: pp. 171-172.

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