This article encompasses the 1850s Pacific typhoon seasons. The list is very incomplete; information on early typhoon seasons is patchy and relies heavily on individual observations of travellers and ships. There were no comprehensive records kept by a central organisation at this early time.
| Pacific typhoon seasons |
1850 season
A typhoon struck Manila Bay in the Philippines in May. Around 1850, a typhoon killed about 50 people on Rongelap Atoll in the Marshall Islands. Two fierce typhoons struck Japan in August and September 1850; the first one, a powerful storm comparable to the 1828 Siebold typhoon, struck Buzen Province in northeastern Kyushu and rolled through the Chugoku region on 18 August, destroying 459 houses in the Akizuki Domain (now central Fukuoka Prefecture) alone; and the second one affected much of western Japan between the Kyushu and Chubu regions on 12 September.
1851 season
A typhoon struck Passi in the Philippines in December.
1852 season
- Typhoon at Miyako
Typhoon recorded at Miyako in the Ryukyu Islands. Miyako was also hit by a storm surge. 3,000 people died in the subsequent famine and disease.
A typhoon was also reported near Vietnam.
1853 season
On 17 July, ships near Okinawa reported falling pressure and increasing winds, a sign of an approaching storm. During the subsequent days, swells became stronger as the storm moved toward northeastern China. On 22 July, the barometer aboard USS Supply subsided to 28.74 inHg (973 mbar), and winds increased to force-10. The winds split the inner jib and the foresail of the British schooner Eament. The storm stalled off the east coast of China, and when the Eament encountered the eye, it reported a barometric pressure of 28.14 inHg (953 mbar). Turning back east, the storm moved through the Ryukyu Islands. The ship-based observations suggest a spatially enormous, slow moving tropical storm (or typhoon) in the East China Sea, and force-6 winds continued to be reported through 31 July.
In September 1853, a typhoon struck Guam.
1854 season
Typhoons were recorded at Okinawa in 1854.
1855 season
A typhoon struck Guam in September.
1856 season
A powerful typhoon struck Edo (modern-day Tokyo) on 23 September and briskly swept across eastern Japan through the 24th. Extensive property damage and many casualties were reported, most of which were caused by severe storm surges.
1858 season
There were two tropical cyclones in the western Pacific in 1858, one of which was a typhoon.
1859 season
A typhoon moving north-northeastward passed west of Hokkaido on 23 August. Strong winds were observed in the Oshima Peninsula.
References
- ^ R. García-Herrera; P. Ribera; E. Hernández; L. Gimeno (2010). The Selga Chronology Part I: 1348-1900. Typhoons in the Philippine Islands 1566–1900 (Report). JGR - Atmospheres. Archived from the original on 2021-12-06. Retrieved 2014-07-27.
- ^ "Typhoons in Micronesia. A history of tropical cyclones and their effects until 1914". researchgate.net. Retrieved 2020-09-03.
- Kusakabe, Masao (January 1960). "史料からみた西日本の気象災害 第2報 台風" [Historical Review of Meteorological Damage in West Part of Japan, II. Typhoons] (PDF). 天気 (in Japanese). 7. The Meteorological Society of Japan: 16–21. Retrieved 2024-07-13.
- Kerr, page 242
- Kerr, page 241
- Redfield, pp. 337–342
- ^ Sakazaki, Takatoshi; Kano, Yasuyuki; Ohmura, Junzo; Hattori, Kentaro (2015). "安政江戸台風(1856)の被害と当時の気象場推定" [On the Severe Typhoon Attacking Edo Region in 1856] (PDF). 生存圏研究 (in Japanese). 11. Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University: 64. Retrieved 2024-06-11.
- Kubota, Hisayuki; Tsukahara, Togo; Hirano, Junpei; Zaiki, Masumi; Matsumoto, Jun; de Jong, Alice (26–28 March 2022). オランダ軍艦の航海日誌に基づいて推定した安政江戸台風の大きさ [Size of typhoon hit Edo (former Tokyo) in 1856 estimated by ship logs of Dutch navy ship]. 2022年度日本地理学会春季学術大会. The Association of Japanese Geographers. doi:10.14866/ajg.2022s.0_152. Retrieved 2024-06-11.
- Kusakabe, Masao (December 1961). "史料からみた北海道の気象災害" [A Historical Aspect of Natural Damage in Hokkaidō] (PDF). 天気 (in Japanese). 8. The Meteorological Society of Japan: 403–409. Retrieved 2024-07-17.
Bibliography
- Redfield, William C., 1856:
- Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry, USN, and Francis Lister Hawks, DD, LLD, Eds., Vol II, United States Senate Executive Document No. 79 (33rd Congress, 2nd Session), 333–359.