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The 1905–06 Challenge Cup was the 10th staging of rugby league's oldest knockout competition, the Challenge Cup.
The final was contested by Bradford F.C. and Salford at Headingley, Leeds in front of a crowd of 15,834 on Saturday 28 April 1906. Bradford won the Cup in their first appearance in the final by a score of 5-0.
Intermediate round
The intermediate, or qualifying, round matches were played on 17 February 1906.
Intermediate round fixtures
Home
Score
Away
Barrow St.George's
5–7
Brookland
Brighouse Rangers
2–0
Huddersfield
Castleford
6–21
Keighley
Egerton
6–3
Widnes Rangers
Hull Newington
0–21
Pontefract
Leigh Shamrocks
3–3
Chadderton
Millom
3–5
Morecambe
Normanton
8–4
Bramley
Otley
5–8
Featherstone Rovers
Parton
2–2
Egremont
Rochdale Rangers
0–8
Rochdale Hornets
St Helens
0–3
Runcorn
Victoria Rangers
8–0
Hebden Bridge
York
15–0
New Blackpool
source:
Replays
The two replays were played on 24 February 1906.
Intermediate round replays
Home
Score
Away
Chadderton
0–4
Leigh Shamrocks
Egremont
10–0
Parton
source:
First round
First round fixtures
Home
Score
Away
Batley
6–5
Warrington
Brighouse Rangers
13–0
Morecambe
Broughton Rangers
14–5
Barrow
Egerton
9–0
Leigh Shamrocks
Featherstone Rovers
16–5
Brookland
Halifax
20–5
Hunslet
Hull FC
6–0
Runcorn
Hull Kingston Rovers
12–5
Dewsbury
Keighley
13–0
Egremont
Leeds
17–0
Normanton
Pontefract
0–12
Oldham
Rochdale Hornets
0–6
Salford
Swinton
2–4
Leigh
Victoria Rangers
0–0
Widnes
Wakefield Trinity
0-5
Bradford
York
5-4
Wigan
source:
Replay
The replayed fixture was played on 7 March 1906.
First round replay
Home
Score
Away
Widnes
8–3
Victoria Rangers
source:
Second round
Second round fixtures were played on 17 March 1906.
Second round fixtures
Home
Score
Away
Batley
19–0
York
Bradford
15–0
Leigh
Brighouse Rangers
0–0
Hull Kingston Rovers
Featherstone Rovers
23–2
Widnes
Hull FC
0–5
Keighley
Leeds
0–2
Broughton Rangers
Oldham
2–5
Halifax
Salford
38–5
Egerton
source:
Replay
Second round replay
Home
Score
Away
Hull Kingston Rovers
29–0
Brighouse Rangers
source:
Third round
The third round fixtures were played on 31 March 1906.
Third round fixtures
Home
Score
Away
Batley
15–0
Hull Kingston Rovers
Bradford
0–0
Halifax
Keighley
3–0
Featherstone Rovers
Salford
2–2
Broughton Rangers
source:
Replays
The two drawn matches were replayed the following week. Halifax played Bradford on 3 April with Broughton Rangers v Salford played on 4 April.
Third round replays
Home
Score
Away
Halifax
2–8
Bradford
Broughton Rangers
3–3
Salford
source:
The Broughton v Salford tie required a second replay to decide the fixture and this was played at Wigan on 6 April.
Third round second replay
Home
Score
Away
Salford
5–3
Broughton Rangers
source:
Semi-finals
The semi-finals were played at neutral venues on 14 April 1906.