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In the preliminary round, Djurgårdens IF played Mariebergs IK at home in Stockholm on 14 August 1917 and won, 3–2. On 2 September 1917, Djurgården won the away-game quarter-final against Sandvikens AIK, 6–1 in Gävle. Djurgården then played IFK Göteborg in the semi-final, where the match at home on 21 October 1917 ended in a goalless draw and the away-game replay in Gothenburg on 4 November 1917 was won, 2–1.
Djurgårdens IF made their ninth appearance in a Svenska Mästerskapet final, having won two and lost six, including one to final opponents AIK in 1916.
In the preliminary round, AIK at home beat Örgryte IS, 5–1, on 12 August 1917. On 2 September 1917, AIK won the quarter-final against IFK Eskilstuna at home with 2–0. AIK then won the away-game semi-final against IK Sirius of Uppsala with 1–0 on 23 September 1917.
AIK were reigning champions by winning the previous final against final opponents Djurgården and made their seventh appearance in a Svenska Mästerskapet final, having won five, including the one against final opponents Djurgården, and lost one.