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1922 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1920 November 7, 1922 1924 →
All 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives 218 seats needed for a majority
Majority party Minority party   Leader Frederick Gillett Finis Garrett Party Republican Democratic Leader since May 19, 1919 March 4, 1923 Leader's seat Massachusetts 2nd Tennessee 9th Last election 302 seats 131 seats Seats won 225 207 Seat change 77 76 Popular vote 10,585,391 9,112,202 Percentage 51.86% 44.64% Swing 6.96% 9.26%   Third party Fourth party   Party Farmer–Labor Socialist Last election 0 seats 1 seat Seats won 2 1 Seat change 2 Popular vote 126,989 321,916 Percentage 0.62% 1.58% Swing 0.34% 1.00%   Fifth party   Party Independent Last election 1 seat Seats won 0 Seat change 1
Speaker before election Frederick Gillett Republican Elected Speaker Frederick Gillett Republican

The 1922 United States House of Representatives elections were elections for the United States House of Representatives to elect members to serve in the 68th United States Congress. They were held for the most part on November 7, 1922, though Maine held its on September 11. They occurred in the middle of President Warren G. Harding's term. Just as voters had expressed their distrust of Wilson in 1920, now voters had a chance to express the widespread feeling that Congress had failed to address economic problems, especially the brief but sharp Depression of 1920–1921. Most of the seats that Republicans lost had long been held by Democrats, who now returned with an even stronger base in the major cities.

The Republican Party lost a net of 77 seats to the opposition Democratic Party. The Republicans were neither unified nor well led, and they could boast of very few successes except tax cuts and higher tariffs that pleased manufacturing interest but raised consumer prices. With Senator Bob La Follette as their unofficial leader, some progressives formed a small but highly vocal group on the left of the Republican Party. Former Progressives from 1912 who had supported Theodore Roosevelt mostly refused to support LaFollette, who had been a bitter enemy of Roosevelt. Republicans nonetheless retained a narrow majority, although splits in the party made it difficult for Harding to govern. In Minnesota, the Farmer–Labor Party, also gained several seats. The Democrats showed their greatest support in the industrial cities, where the Irish and German element returned to that party. In addition, there was growing support among the more recent immigrants, who had become more Americanized. Many ethnic families now had a veteran in their midst, and paid closer attention to national issues, such as the question of a bonus for veterans. There was also an expression of annoyance with the federal prohibition of beer and wine, and the closing of most saloons.

This was the first election after the completion of the 1920 United States census. However, the Republican-controlled Congress failed to reapportion the House membership prior to the 1922 election, and therefore the congressional districts remained based on the 1910 census for another decade. This failure to reapportion may have been politically motivated, as Republicans may have feared the effect such a reapportionment would have on their future electoral prospects.

Overall results

Source: Election Statistics – Office of the Clerk

Special elections

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (September 2011)

District	Incumbent			This race
	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
New York 37	Alanson B. Houghton	Republican	1918	Incumbent resigned to become United States Ambassador to Germany. New member elected April 11, 1922. Republican hold.	▌Y Lewis Henry (Republican) 53.55% ▌Frank Irvine (Democratic) 45.64% ▌Israel Putnam (Socialist) 0.81%
North Carolina 3	Samuel M. Brinson	Democratic	1918	Incumbent died in office. New member elected July 1, 1922. Democratic hold.	▌Y Charles L. Abernethy (Democratic) Uncontested
Illinois at-large	William E. Mason	Republican	1916	Incumbent died June 16, 1921. New member elected November 7, 1922 to finish her father's term. Republican hold. Winner was not elected to the next term.	▌Y Winnifred Huck (Republican) 52.62% ▌Allen D. Albert (Democratic) 43.19% ▌Fred O. Hartline (Socialist) 2.20% Frank Donovan (Farmer–Labor) 2.00%
Massachusetts 16	Joseph Walsh	Republican	1914	Incumbent resigned to become Justice of the Massachusetts Superior Court. elected November 7, 1922. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to the next term; see below.	▌Y Charles L. Gifford (Republican) Uncontested
Nebraska 1	C. Frank Reavis	Republican	1914	Incumbent resigned to become special assistant to the U.S. Attorney General. elected November 7, 1922. Republican hold. Winner was not a candidate for the next term.	▌Y Roy H. Thorpe (Republican) [data missing]
California 6
Texas 13
Virginia 10	Henry D. Flood	Democratic	1900	Incumbent died December 8, 1921. Democratic hold. Winner also elected to next term; see below.	▌Y Henry St. George Tucker (Democratic) 100%

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Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania was one of the only states to conduct redistricting between 1920 and 1922, when no nationwide reapportionment occurred. Incumbents have been shown in the most closely corresponding new districts. The four districts shown as new below replaced the four at-large seats used previously; since the at-large seats were all Republican held, the new districts are only nominally Republican gains.

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