1968 Equatorial Guinea constitution

Constitution of Equatorial Guinea of 1968
First flag of the Equatorial Guinea
Overview
Jurisdiction	Republic of Equatorial Guinea
Created	17 April 1968
Ratified	11 August 1968
Date effective	12 October 1968
System	Unitary presidential republic
Repealed	29 July 1973
Full text
1968 Equatorial Guinea constitution at Wikisource

Politics of Equatorial Guinea


Constitution Human rights
Government President T. Obiang Nguema Mbasogo Vice President T. Nguema Obiang Mangue Prime Minister M. Roka Botey Council of Ministers
Parliament Senate President Teresa Efua Asangono Chamber of Deputies President Gaudencio Mohaba Mesu
Administrative divisions Provinces Districts Municipalities
Elections Recent elections Presidential: 2016 2022 Parliamentary: 2017 2022 Political parties Democratic Party (PDGE)
Foreign relations Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Minister: Simeón Oyono Esono Angue Diplomatic missions of / in Equatorial Guinea Passport Visa requirements Visa policy
Other countries
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The Constitution of Equatorial Guinea of 1968, was promulgated with a view to the independence of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea on October 12, 1968. It is the first Constitution promulgated in Equatorial Guinea, in addition to being a text that enshrines liberal democracy, popular sovereignty, freedom of religion and the right of self-determination, when in Spain it is still the regime of Francisco Franco was in force.

According to the text, Equatorial Guinea was configured as a sovereign, indivisible, democratic and social Republic, with a presidential system, the president being elected by direct and secret universal suffrage for a five-year term. Likewise, the Constitution ensured the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, based the political structure on the vote of all citizens and determined the separation of functions between the legislative, executive and judicial bodies.

History

Further information: 1968 Spanish Guinean constitutional referendum

In December 1966 the Spanish Council of Ministers agreed to prepare the Constitutional Conference. On October 30, 1967, said Conference was inaugurated. After the second phase of the Constitutional Conference (from April 17 to June 22, 1968), the Constitution (whose main editor was Miguel Herrero de Minon) was published in the Official Gazette of Equatorial Guinea on July 24, 1968, and was ratified in a popular referendum held on August 11 under the supervision of a team of United Nations observers. 64.32% of the electorate voted in favor of the Constitution, which envisaged a government with a General Assembly and a Supreme Court with judges appointed by the president.

Officially, it was in force for four years, from its promulgation until July 1973, when a new Constitution was approved. However, it barely entered into force de facto, since in its period of application the country had just achieved independence under the command of Francisco Macías. In March 1969, in the midst of a serious crisis with Spain, he announced the existence of an attempted coup d'état, taking the opportunity to put the political opposition out of play (Bonifacio Ondó Edu, Atanasio Ndongo, Federico Ngomo, etc.). In May 1971 he repealed part of its articles to strengthen his personal power and establish a one-party dictatorship, through Decree No. 115, (May 7, 1971). In it, Macías held "the Spanish neo-colonialists and imperialists responsible for two coup attempts, putting their traitorous African lackeys on the screen" and justified the repeal of part of the text by stating that the current Constitution, despite participating himself in its elaboration, it had been "prefabricated by Spain". Along the same lines, in July 1972 he promulgated a Constitutional Law declaring himself president of the country for life.

Content and structure

The text of the Constitution was organized around a Preamble, ten titles with 58 articles and a series of final provisions (three transitory and one complementary, the latter providing for the ratification of the text through the subsequent popular referendum) in accordance with the following structure:

Preamble
Qualification. I - THE STATE AND THE CITIZENS (Articles 1 to 8)
Title II. - OF THE HEAD OF STATE (articles 9 to 15)
Title III. - OF THE ASSEMBLY OF THE REPUBLIC (Articles 16 to 33)
Title IV. - RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT AND THE ASSEMBLY OF THE REPUBLIC (articles 34 to 40)
Title V. - THE COUNCIL OF THE REPUBLIC (Articles 41 and 42)
Title VI. - ON THE COMPETENCES OF THE STATE AND PROVINCES (Articles 43 and 44)
Title VII - OF THE PROVINCES AND MUNICIPALITIES (articles 45 to 49)
Title VIII. - ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE (Articles 50 to 53)
Title IX. - ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (Articles 54 to 57)
Title X. - OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM (article 58)
TRANSITORY DISPOSITIONS
SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISION

References

Antonio M. Carrasco González (2012). El reino olvidado cinco siglos de historia de España en África (in Spanish). Esfera de los Libros. ISBN 9788499707297. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
"Guinea Equatorial voto su constitucion". ABC. ABC. 13 August 1968. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
"History of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea". Embassy of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea in Cuba. Archived from the original on 25 April 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
"Parece que han muerto en Guinea Ecuatorial Bonifacio Ondo y Anastasio Ndongo". ABC. 1 April 1969. Archived from the original on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
"Decreto Número 115 -1971 (Guinea Ecuatorial)". Wikisource.org. Retrieved 27 November 2021.

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