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1st Expeditionary Space Control Squadron
The squadron guidon is furled during its inactivation ceremony, 9 June 2008
Active	1989-2008
Country	United States
Branch	United States Air Force
Role	Space Control
Part of	Air Force Space Command
Motto(s)	Vigilance Over Space
Decorations	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
Commanders
Notable commanders	B. Chance Saltzman
Insignia
1st Expeditionary Space Control Squadron emblem (approved 15 November 1994)

The United States Air Force's 1st Expeditionary Space Control Squadron is a provisional squadron attached to the 21st Space Wing at Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado.

Before conversion to provisional status, the 1st Space Control Squadron' was a space situational awareness unit last located at Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. The squadron commanded the United States Space Surveillance Network to detect, track, identify and catalog positional data for all human-made objects in Earth orbit. The squadron was established in 1989 as the 1st Command and Control Squadron at Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Base, Colorado. It was inactivated in 2008 and its personnel and equipment were integrated into the 614th Air and Space Operations Center.

History

Background

The roots of the squadron can be traced to 1961, when the Space Detection and Tracking System Center at opened at Ent Air Force Base, Colorado. The center brought together Air Force and Navy systems designed to track objects in space in all directions, not merely Soviet missiles launched over the North Pole. The center came under the operational control of North American Air Defense Command. There were several subsequent moves, name changes, and changes in personnel, experience, and equipment.

Activation

The Air Force activated the 1st Command and Control Squadron at Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station, Colorado in December 1989 to operate the system. The 1st Command and Control Squadron provided collision avoidance support during each shuttle mission as well as maintaining an extensive satellite catalog (the "SATCAT" or "Box score"). This catalog is used by U.S. civilian and military agencies when launching new satellites into space, as well as by U.S. allies.

The 1 SPCS tracked and compiled positional data on thousands of man-made objects in space partly to prevent collisions between newly launched satellites and other objects already orbiting the Earth. Additionally, the unit had the mission to task 30 space sensors within Space Surveillance Network to track satellites for US Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) to maintain an accurate satellite catalog (SATCAT) of over 9000 objects orbiting the Earth., To support crewed space flight, 1 SPCS constructs a theoretical box around the Space Shuttle, MIR or ISS, and projects flight path intersections for 36 to 72 hours. If any objects intersects the theoretical box, the unit forwarded the analysis to NASA, allowing them to determine whether to change the spacecraft/space station's flight path. Based on 1 SPCS mission analysis, and its predecessor units, NASA has moved the Space Shuttle 12 times and the International Space Station five times since 1981. In June 1995, the unit tracked the U.S. Space Shuttle Atlantis during its historic rendezvous with the Russian space station Mir. The unit also compiled a catalog of space objects.

The 1 SPCS also contained international personnel, such as Canadian military, since SSA was not just a U.S. problem.

Move

In 2006, Admiral Timothy Keating, commander of NORAD directed a study on the continued use of the hardened command post at Cheyenne Mountain in view of what was perceived as diminished threats. The decision to close Cheyenne Mountain required a unit move. The unit moved to Vandenberg Air Force Base, California in 2007 to better coordinate activities with the Joint Space Operations Center, it lost over 150 years of expert civilian experience.

Inactivation

The unit was inactivated on 9 Jun 2008, and its mission and members integrated into the 614th Air and Space Operations Center / Joint Space Operations Center. Unconfirmed sources state that Cheyenne Mountain may retain some capability to cover the 1 SPCS mission, if required.

Lineage

• Constituted as the 1st Command and Control Squadron on 30 November 1989

Activated on 1 December 1989

Redesignated 1st Space Control Squadron on 1 October 2001

Inactivated c. 9 June 2008

• Redesignated 1st Expeditionary Space Control Squadron and converted to provisional status on 11 February 2009

Activated 27 February 2009

Assignments

• 1st Space Wing, 1 December 1989
• 73d Space Surveillance Group (later 73d Space Group), 28 February 1992
• 721st Space Group, 24 June 1994
• 21st Operations Group, 26 April 1995 – c. 9 June 2008
• Air Force Space Command to activate or inactivate as needed, 11 February 2009

Attached to 21st Space Wing, 27 February 2009

Stations

• Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Base (later Cheyenne Mountain Air Station, Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station), Colorado, 1 December 1989
• Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, 31 July 2007 – 9 June 2008
• Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado, 27 February 2009 – present

Commanders

• Lt David Agee (1989–1991)
• Lt Col Joseph Wysocki (1991–1992)
• Lt Col John M. Rabins (1992–1994)
• Lt Col Michael A. Muolo (1994–1996)
• Lt Col Joseph G. Baillargeon (1996–1998)
• Lt Col David A. Strand (14 Aug 1998-2000)
• Lt Col Craigen B. Anderson (2000-2002)
• Lt. Col. Scott F. Shepherd (2002–2004)
• Lt Col Michael Mason (circa 2007),
• Lt Col Chance Saltzman (July 2007-2008)

Awards

Award streamer	Award	Dates	Notes
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 December 1989-31 August 1991	1st Command and Control Squadron
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 October 1995-30 September 1997	1st Command and Control Squadron
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 January 1998-31 December 1998	1st Command and Control Squadron
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 October 1997-30 September 1999	1st Command and Control Squadron
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 January 1999-31 December 1999	1st Command and Control Squadron
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 January 2000-31 August 2001	1st Command and Control Squadron
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 October 2004-30 September 2005	1st Space Control Squadron
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 October 2005-30 September 2006	1st Space Control Squadron
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 October 2006-30 July 2007	1st Space Control Squadron
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	31 July 2007-9 June 2008	1st Space Control Squadron

See also

• Space Surveillance Network
• Midcourse Space Experiment
• Air Force Space Command
• Fourteenth Air Force

References

Notes

1. ^ Haulman, Daniel L. (15 April 2008). "Factsheet 1 Space Control Squadron (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
2. Sloan p. 98
3. Wood, Douglas S. (2 August 2005). "Cataloging space junk: Working on the 'world's largest jigsaw puzzle'". CNN. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
4. "21st Space Wing [21 SW]". Globalsecurity.org. 20 July 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
5. Miller, James G. (Gil) (2007). "A New Sensor Allocation Algorithm for the Space Surveillance Network". MOR Journal Abstracts. Vol. 12, no. 1. Military Operations Research Society. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
6. ^ Bridges, Holly (2007). "Space: the final recruiting frontier". The Maple Leaf. 10 (5). National Defence and the Canadian Forces. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
7. Staff writer(s) (10 June 2003). "SGI Systems Help U.S. Air Force Space Command Detect, Track, Identify And Catalog Man-Made Objects in Space". Archived from the original on 19 November 2006. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
8. Schmalz, Trisha (6 August 2007). "NASA honors 1st Space Control Squadron team". Air Force Space Command Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 26 April 2009. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
9. Kelso, T.S.; Morris, R.F.; DeVere, G.T.; Randolph, J.C.; Bowman, B.R.; Racca, R.A.; Thurston, N.L. "Space Surveillance Contributions to the STS 107 Accident Investigation" (PDF). Celestrak.com. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
10. Zubeck, Pam (16 June 2006). "Cheyenne Mountain's fate may lie in study contents". The Colorado Springs Gazette. Archived from the original on 19 March 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
11. "Space News: "Chilton: Progress Is Being Made On Space Situational Awareness," 24 Apr 2007". Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 16 April 2009.
12. ^ Stewart, SRA Erica (9 June 2008). "1st Space Control Squadron inactivates, joins 14th AOC". 30th Space Wing Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
13. de Yoanna, Michelle (3 May 2007). "Bad move? As NORAD leaves Cheyenne Mountain, some worry it's a dangerous mistake". Colorado Springs Independent. Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
14. ^ Robertson, Patsy (3 April 2009). "Factsheet 1 Expeditionary Space Control Squadron (AFSPC)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
15. "Peterson AFB Library Biographies: Col Scott F. Shepherd". 460 Space Wing Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
16. Scully, Janene (29 October 2007). "Space unit settles in at VAFB". Santa Maria Times. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
17. ^ "Air Force Personnel Services: Unit Awards". Air Force Personnel Center. Retrieved 20 May 2017. (search)

Bibliography

• Sloan, Elinor C. (2005). Security and Defence in the Terrorist Era. Quebec, Quebec, Canada: McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 9780773573208. Retrieved 20 May 2017. (link to Google Books Play)

External links

• 30th Space Wing: Vandenberg AFB home page
• "Space unit to move from Cheyenne Mountain". Air Force Link (AFPN). 14 September 2006. Archived from the original on 18 June 2007. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
• Staff reporter (14 September 2006). "AF Space commander discusses future space capabilities". Air Force Link. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 16 April 2009.

v t e Space Operations Command
Air Forces	Fourteenth (Strategic)
Centers	Space and Missile Systems Space Innovation and Development 614th Air and Space Operations
Bases	Buckley Los Angeles Patrick Peterson Schriever Thule Vandenberg
Stations	Cape Canaveral Cape Cod Cavalier Cheyenne Mountain Clear Eldorado (closed) Kaena Point New Boston Onizuka (closed)
Space wings	21st 30th 45th 50th 310th 460th
Air Base groups	61st 821st Air Base Group
Squadrons	Command and Control 1st 2d 3d 4th 55th Mobile 119th 153d 222d 721st Mobile Space Control 1st 4th 16th 20th 25th 76th 380th Space Launch 1st 2nd 3d Space Launch Squadron 4th 5th Space Operations 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 19th 21st 22d 23d 111th 148th AFSPC Space Warning 2nd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 137th 213th Others 26th Space Aggressor (AFRC) 527th Space Aggressor (ACC) 3d Space Communications 50th Space Communications 850th Space Communications 1st Space Development Squadron 2d Space Development Squadron 3d Space Development Squadron 3rd Space Experimentation 1st Space Surveillance 3d Space Surveillance 5th Space Surveillance 1st Air and Space Test 2d Test Operations Squadron 3d Space Test Squadron 4th Space Test Squadron 55th Space Weather

• Military units and formations in California
• Space squadrons of the United States Air Force
• Communications squadrons of the United States Air Force