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The league's first season was in 1979–80. Initially, it was called I liga polska kobiet. The first title holder was Czarni Sosnowiec. In 2005, the league was renamed to Ekstraliga kobiet. The winner of the league qualifies for the UEFA Women's Champions League.
Up to the 2009–10 season with six teams in the league, the teams played each other four times per season. Thus, each club was totalling 20 matches. The last-place finisher was relegated while the 5th-place finisher played a two-legged relegation play-off.
For the 2010–11 season, the whole women's football of Poland was reorganized. The amount of teams in the Ekstraliga was increased from six to ten. For this to happen, two teams from each of the two 2nd divisions were promoted directly to the top tier, and the two 3rd-place finishers played a two-legged playoff with the winner playing a two-legged playoff against the 6th-place finisher from the Ekstraliga.
Since the 2014–15 season, 12 teams participate in the top-tier competition. Since the 2015–16 until the end of the 2019–20 campaign, after the regular season, the teams were divided into a championship and relegation group. Points scored during this stage were added to those of the regular season.