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2016 Myanmar presidential election

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Turnout	652 (99.2%)
Nominee Htin Kyaw Myint Swe Henry Van Thio Party NLD USDP NLD Electoral vote 360 213 79 Percentage 55.2% 32.7% 12.1% Committee Pyithu Hluttaw Tatmadaw Amyotha Hluttaw
President before election Thein Sein USDP Elected President Htin Kyaw NLD
Vice Presidents before election Sai Mauk Kham (First) USDP Nyan Tun (Second) USDP Elected Vice Presidents Myint Swe (First) USDP Henry Van Thio (Second) NLD

Politics of Myanmar
Constitution 2008 Constitution Constitutional Tribunal Chairman: Than Kyaw National Defence and Security Council
Government President (list) Min Aung Hlaing (acting) State Administration Council Chairman: Min Aung Hlaing Vice Chairman: Soe Win Vice-President First: Myint Swe Second: Vacant Prime Minister (list) Min Aung Hlaing Deputy Prime Minister Soe Win Mya Tun Oo Tin Aung San Win Shein Than Swe Cabinet Provisional Government
Legislature (dissolved) House of Nationalities Speaker House of Representatives Speaker Opposition
Judiciary Supreme Court Chief Justice: Htun Htun Oo Constitutional Tribunal Chairman: Than Kyaw
Recent elections General: 2015 2020 Next Presidential: 2016 2018 Next Political parties
Administrative divisions States, Regions and Union Territories Self-Administered Zones and Divisions Districts Townships
Foreign relations Ministry of Foreign Affairs Minister: Than Swe Ministry of International Cooperation Minister: Ko Ko Hlaing Diplomatic missions of / in Myanmar Passport Visa requirements Visa policy
Exiled government Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw National Unity Government President: Duwa Lashi La (acting) Prime Minister: Mahn Win Khaing Than Vice President: Duwa Lashi La
Related topics Conflict Federalism Human rights National Human Rights Commission Naming issues
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Indirect presidential elections were held in Myanmar on 15 March 2016, after the 2015 general election. Members of the Assembly of the Union voted for the country's President, and two Vice-Presidents.

The elections were the second presidential elections held under the 2008 constitution.

Htin Kyaw, Myint Swe, and Henry Van Thio were elected President, First Vice-President, and Second-Vice President respectively.

Background

Myanmar, previously known as Burma, has been under a dictatorship for the majority of its independent history. First, under Ne Win and his Burma Socialist Programme Party, and then under a military junta. In 2007, large scale demonstrations took place during the Saffron Revolution, which was organized by the vast monastic community of Myanmar. The revolution was suppressed, but lead to political reforms and the 2008 constitution.

In the yearly 2010s, Myanmar transitioned into a state of semi-democracy, finally culminating in the 2015 elections, where democracy leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi became State Counsellor, and her party the National League for Democracy won a landslide victory. This put the party in a very powerful position ahead of the presidential elections.

Electoral system

Under the 2008 constitution, Myanmar has a President, and two Vice-Presidents. They are elected by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the national legislature.

The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw consists of two chambers, Pyithu Hluttaw, and Amyotha Hluttaw. Most seats are directly elected, but a quarter of the seats in both chambers are appointed by the Tatmadaw.

The Presidential Electoral College is made up of three committees:

• The directly elected MPs from Pyithu Hluttaw (330).
• The directly elected MPs from Amyotha Hluttaw (168).
• The military appointees in both chambers (166).

Each committee nominates a single candidate. The whole Pyidaungsu Hluttaw then votes, with all three nominees on the ballot together and each of the 664 MPs being entitled to one vote. The vote is a secret ballot. The candidate that receives the highest number of votes is President, the candidate with the second highest number of votes is 1st Vice-President, and the remaining candidate is 2nd Vice-President. This system guarantees the military at least one Vice-President.

Candidates

The candidates were nominated on 11 March 2016.

Pyithu Hluttaw committee

Htin Kyaw was nominated by the committee from Pyithu Hluttaw. He was not a member of parliament. Sai Mauk Kham, incumbent 1st Vice-President, was nominated by the USDP. Thein Sein, the committee nominee in the 2011 election did not run for re-election.

Seven Pyithu Hluttaw seats were vacant.

Amyotha Hluttaw committee

Henry Van Thio was nominated by the committee from Amyotha Hluttaw. He was a member of that house from the Chin State's 3rd constituency. The USDP nominated former Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw Khin Aung Myint, who was a member of that house from Mandalay's 8th constituency. He had also served as Minister of Culture under the junta. Sai Mauk Kham, the committee's nominee in the previous election was instead nominated by the Pyithu Hluttaw.

Military committee

Myint Swe was nominated by the committee of military appointed members. He was Chief Minister of the Yangon Region. He is a member of the USDP. Nyan Tun, incumbent 2nd Vice-President who was nominated by the Tatmadaw committee in the 2012 by-election did not run for re-election.

Results

The election was held on 15 March 2016.

Seven Pyithu Hluttaw seats were vacant.

The elected candidates were sworn in on 30 March 2016.

2018 by-election

A by-election was held for president in 2018.

References

1. "Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy Wins Majority in Myanmar". BBC News. 13 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
2. ^ "Military VP Revealed As Executive Trio Finalized". The Irrawaddy. 11 March 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
3. "Htin Kyaw Confirmed as Next President in History-Making Vote". The Irrawaddy. 15 March 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2021.

• Elections in Myanmar
• 2016 elections in Asia
• March 2016 events in Myanmar