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The race was won by Slovenian rider Primož Roglič for the LottoNL–Jumbo team, having taken the race lead after top-three finishes in the second and third stages. Roglič maintained a 22-second lead over Team Sky's Michał Kwiatkowski from Poland for the remainder of the race, to take the biggest stage race win of his career. The podium was completed by France's Tony Gallopin riding for the Lotto–Soudal team, a further 33 seconds in arrears of Kwiatkowski.
Two of Gallopin's teammates were to each win one of the race's sub-classifications; Tiesj Benoot won the young rider classification, finishing in eighth place overall while André Greipel won the points classification with a stage win and a second place during the race. Juan Felipe Osorio won the mountains classification for Team Manzana Postobón, while the teams classification was won by the Astana team.
In the 2017 Volta ao Algarve, four different jerseys were awarded. For the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage, and allowing time bonuses for the first three finishers at intermediate sprints and at the finish of mass-start stages, the leader received a yellow jersey. This classification was considered the most important of the 2017 Volta ao Algarve, and the winner of the classification was considered the winner of the race.
Additionally, there was a points classification, which awarded a red jersey. In the points classification, cyclists received points for finishing in the top 10 in a mass-start stage. For winning a stage, a rider earned 25 points, with 20 for second, 16 for third, 13 for fourth, 10 for fifth, 8 for sixth, 6 for seventh, 4 for eighth, 2 for ninth and 1 for tenth place. Points towards the classification could also be accrued at intermediate sprint points during each stage; these intermediate sprints also offered bonus seconds towards the general classification. There was also a mountains classification, the leadership of which was marked by a blue jersey. In the mountains classification, points were won by reaching the top of a climb before other cyclists, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs.
The fourth jersey represented the young rider classification, marked by a white jersey. This was decided in the same way as the general classification, but only riders born after 1 January 1994 were eligible to be ranked in the classification. There was also a classification for teams, in which the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added together; the leading team at the end of the race was the team with the lowest total time.
"Classificação Individual Na Etapa 1" [Stage 1 Individual Standings]. Classificações.net (in Portuguese). Classificações. 15 February 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
"Geral Individual - Amarela (1)" [Individual - Yellow (1)]. Classificações.net (in Portuguese). Classificações. 15 February 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
"Classificação Individual Na Etapa 2" [Stage 2 Individual Standings]. Classificações.net (in Portuguese). Classificações. 16 February 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
"Geral Individual - Amarela (2)" [Individual - Yellow (2)]. Classificações.net (in Portuguese). Classificações. 16 February 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
"Classificação Individual Na Etapa 3" [Stage 3 Individual Standings]. Classificações.net (in Portuguese). Classificações. 17 February 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
"Geral Individual - Amarela (3)" [Individual - Yellow (3)]. Classificações.net (in Portuguese). Classificações. 17 February 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
"Classificação Individual Na Etapa 4" [Stage 4 Individual Standings]. Classificações.net (in Portuguese). Classificações. 18 February 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
"Geral Individual - Amarela (4)" [Individual - Yellow (4)]. Classificações.net (in Portuguese). Classificações. 18 February 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
"Classificação Individual Na Etapa 5" [Stage 5 Individual Standings]. Classificações.net (in Portuguese). Classificações. 19 February 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
"Geral Individual - Amarela (5)" [Individual - Yellow (5)]. Classificações.net (in Portuguese). Classificações. 19 February 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2017.