2017 Westminster attack - Misplaced Pages

(Redirected from 2017 Westminster Attack) Terrorist attack in London This article is about the March 2017 attack in Westminster. For the similar attack in June 2017 in London, see 2017 London Bridge attack. For other uses, see Westminster attack.

2017 Westminster attack

Part of Islamic terrorism in Europe

123

1	Hyundai Tucson mounts Westminster Bridge pavement
2	Vehicle collides with 11 pedestrians (One killed, 10 injured). One pedestrian falls off the bridge into River Thames
3	Vehicle crashes into railings outside New Palace Yard

4	Masood abandons vehicle and enters New Palace Yard
5	Masood attacks PC Palmer and is shot by surrounding officers

100m
110yds 5 4 3 2 1

Location

Westminster, London, United Kingdom

Coordinates

51°30′03″N 0°07′19″W / 51.50083°N 0.12194°W / 51.50083; -0.12194

Date

22 March 2017; 7 years ago (2017-03-22)
14:40 (GMT (UTC))

Attack type

Weapons

Hyundai Tucson
Knife

Deaths

6 (4 pedestrians, 1 police officer, and the perpetrator)

Injured

Assailant

Khalid Masood

Motive

Revenge for Western military action in the Middle East

On 22 March 2017, a terrorist attack took place outside the Palace of Westminster in London, seat of the British Parliament. Khalid Masood, a 52-year-old Briton, drove a car into pedestrians on the pavement along the south side of Westminster Bridge and Bridge Street, injuring more than 50 people, four of them fatally. He then crashed the car into the perimeter fence of the palace grounds and ran into New Palace Yard, where he fatally stabbed an unarmed police officer. He was then shot by an armed police officer, and died at the scene.

Police treated the attack as "Islamist-related terrorism". Masood said in a final text message that he was waging jihad in revenge for Western military action in Muslim countries in the Middle East. Amaq News Agency, which is linked to Islamic State, said the attacker answered the group's calls to target citizens of states that were fighting against it, though the claim was questioned by the UK police and government. Police have found no link with a terrorist organisation and believe Masood acted alone.

Background

Prior to the attack, the UK Threat Level for terrorism in the country was listed at "severe", meaning an attack was "highly likely". There had not been a killing at the Palace of Westminster since the assassination of Airey Neave by the Irish National Liberation Army in 1979, which took place close to New Palace Yard, during the Northern Ireland conflict. The previous terrorist attack to have caused multiple casualties on the British mainland had been the 7 July 2005 London bombings. Shortly before the attack, a division had been called in the House of Commons.

Attack

Westminster Bridge, Bridge Street and the Palace of Westminster, the main locations where the attack took place

New Palace Yard, where the knife attack and shooting by police took place

At 14:40 local time on 22 March 2017, a grey Hyundai Tucson, hired in Birmingham, was driven at up to 76 miles per hour (122 km/h) into pedestrians along the pavement on the south side of Westminster Bridge and Bridge Street, causing multiple casualties. One of the victims, a Romanian tourist, was thrown by the car's impact over the parapet of the bridge into the River Thames below. Having been knocked unconscious and sustained severe injuries from the fall, she was rescued by the crew of a river cruise and brought aboard a London Fire Brigade boat. She later died in hospital from her injuries.

The car continued, and crashed into railings on Bridge Street at the north perimeter of the Palace of Westminster. Masood, wearing black clothes, got out of the car and ran around the corner into Parliament Square and through the open Carriage Gates where he fatally stabbed an unarmed police officer, PC Keith Palmer. An armed police officer (believed to have been the Metropolitan Police close protection officer for the then Secretary of State for Defence Michael Fallon) witnessed the stabbing, ran towards the scene and shot Masood dead. The entire attack lasted 82 seconds.

Despite attempts to resuscitate him, Masood died at the scene having been hit by all three shots fired by police. The first bullet, which struck his upper torso, was believed to be the cause of death; he was pronounced dead at 15:35 at hospital. Passers-by, including MP Tobias Ellwood (the Foreign Minister for the Middle East and Africa) and paramedics, attempted to revive PC Palmer, also without success. Police later confirmed that PC Palmer had been wearing a protective vest, which did not appear to have been punctured in the attack.

Aftermath

Theresa May, the Prime Minister, who was in the Commons for a vote, was evacuated by her security team in the Prime Ministerial car, and taken to 10 Downing Street. Additional armed police officers arrived, including Counter Terrorist Specialist Firearms Officers who were on scene within 6 minutes. An air ambulance from London HEMS attended the scene, landing in Parliament Square. Parliament was suspended and MPs remained in the Commons debating chamber as a precaution. Parliamentary staff were confined to their offices; journalists and visitors to Parliament were not permitted to leave the building. Some were later evacuated to Westminster Abbey.

The Scottish Parliament and the National Assembly for Wales also suspended their proceedings that afternoon. The UK government's emergency Cabinet Office Briefing Room (COBRA) committee, chaired by the Prime Minister, met in response to the attack. It was decided there was no need for the threat level to be raised as a result of the attack.

Casualties

Reported casualties by nationality
Nationality	Dead	Injured
British	4	12
American	1	1
Romanian	1	1
South Korean		4
French		3
Greek		2
Italian		2
Australian		1
Chinese		1
Irish		1
Polish		1
Portuguese		1
Not stated		18
Total	6	48
^ Includes attacker

Fatalities

Six people, including the attacker, died as a result of the incident, and around 50 others were injured, some of them severely. Of the five people killed by the attacker, three were British nationals. One of the dead was a teacher believed to have been walking along the bridge to pick up her children from school. A tourist from the United States also died; he was visiting London from Utah to celebrate his 25th anniversary with his wife, who was among the injured. The fourth victim was a 75-year-old man from Clapham in south-west London, who was hit by the car and later died in hospital after his life support was switched off. A fifth victim, a 31-year-old tourist from Romania, fell into the Thames during the attack; she died in hospital as a result of her injuries on 6 April after her life support was withdrawn. Her Romanian boyfriend, who had planned to propose marriage during their trip to London, was also injured during the attack.

The police officer killed was PC Keith Palmer, 48, an unarmed police officer who was on duty with the Parliamentary and Diplomatic Protection command. Palmer had 15 years of experience in the Metropolitan Police Service.

Injuries

A dozen people received serious injuries, some described as "catastrophic", and eight others were treated for less serious injuries at the scene. Injured members of the public were taken to St Thomas' Hospital, which is located immediately across Westminster Bridge in Lambeth, and to King's College Hospital (which declared a 'major incident' in its designated trauma centre), St Mary's Hospital, the Royal London Hospital and the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital. Three French students, from Concarneau in Brittany, were among those injured; others included three police officers who were returning from a commendation ceremony, four students from Edge Hill University in Lancashire, and the wife of the American who was killed.

Perpetrator

The attacker was identified by the Metropolitan Police as Khalid Masood, a 52-year-old Black Briton. He was born Adrian Russell Elms to a single mother but used his stepfather's surname, Ajao, interchangeably with Elms from the age of two. He changed his name to Khalid Masood after converting to Islam. Police said he also used several other aliases, including Khalid Choudry.

Masood was born in Kent, and brought up in Rye, East Sussex, and later attended secondary school in Tunbridge Wells in Kent. Latterly, he lived in the West Midlands. He dropped out of school at 16 and by 18 was described as a heavy cocaine user. He was sentenced to two years in prison in 2000 for grievous bodily harm during a knife attack in a public house in Northiam in Sussex. In 2003, he was sentenced to six months in prison for possession of an offensive weapon following another knife attack in Eastbourne in Sussex. He also had convictions for public order offences going back to 1983. He converted to Islam while in prison although police found no evidence to suggest he became radicalised there. He changed his name to Khalid Masood in 2005.

Masood taught English in Saudi Arabia from November 2005 to November 2006, and again from April 2008 to April 2009, after which he worked at a college teaching English as a foreign language in Luton, England. In early March 2015, he made a brief trip to Saudi Arabia on an Umrah visa, normally issued to those making a pilgrimage to Mecca.

In 2010, Masood was described as a "peripheral figure" in a MI5 investigation of a group of Islamists later convicted of plotting to bomb a Territorial Army base in Luton. Following a risk assessment, MI5 decided he did not pose a threat. The Metropolitan Police said he was not the subject of any current investigations and there was no prior intelligence about his intent to mount a terrorist attack. He had not been convicted of any terrorism offences.

Farasat Latif, director of the language school in Luton where Masood taught between 2010 and 2012, told The Guardian that when Masood lived in Luton he was apolitical and not aligned with the younger and predominantly Asian local radical Islamist group Al-Muhajiroun. Although aware of violence in Masood's past, Latif had only seen him become angry once, when Masood learnt of plans for a march by the English Defence League through Luton. Between 2012 and 2016, Masood appeared in MI5 investigations as a contact of individuals linked to Al-Muhajiroun.

Masood carried out reconnaissance of Westminster Bridge in person and online three days before the attack, He spent the night before the attack at the Preston Park Hotel in Brighton, Sussex and was described as "laughing and joking" by the manager there. He had taken anabolic steroids in the days and hours before the attack.

Masood, at 52, was atypical in that most jihadi terrorists are under 35.

Motive

The first media and public briefing from the Metropolitan Police Service, provided by Commander Ben-Julian Harrington at New Scotland Yard following the attack

On 22 March, the day of the attack, the Metropolitan Police said it believed the attack was inspired by "international terrorism" and that they were working under the assumption that it was "Islamist-related terrorism". On 23 March, the Islamic State-associated Amaq News Agency announced that the attacker was "a soldier of the Islamic State, executing the operation in response to calls to target citizens of coalition nations". The Home Secretary, Amber Rudd, cast doubts on this claim. Analysts monitoring Islamic State online said the claim appeared to be an effort to mask its losses in Iraq and Syria, adding that the lack of biographical information on the attacker and lack of specifics about the attack suggested it was not directly involved.

Describing Masood as a "terrorist", the Metropolitan Police said it was investigating whether he was a lone actor inspired by terrorist propaganda or was being directed by others. On 25 March, Neil Basu, Deputy Assistant Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police and Senior National Coordinator for UK Counter-Terrorism Policing, announced that investigators believed Masood acted alone. On 27 March, Basu announced that Masood clearly had an interest in jihad, that his methods echoed the rhetoric of Islamic State leaders and that investigators have found no evidence he was linked with it or al-Qaeda.

The security services later recovered the last WhatsApp message sent by Masood shortly before his attack. In it, Masood reportedly said he was waging jihad in revenge for Western military action in Muslim countries of the Middle East. He had written a document named "Jihad in the Quran and Sunnah", with his photograph on the front page and multiple extracts from the Quran that could be seen as supportive of jihad and martyrdom. He sent this document to numerous contacts a few minutes before the attack.

Initial reports

Some early reports gave descriptions of two supposed attackers, one described as a "bald white man" and another as a "black man with goatee beard". On the morning after the attack, Mark Rowley, the Metropolitan Police's Assistant Commissioner for Specialist Operations, stated that the police believed the attacker acted alone. Abu Izzadeen was also erroneously identified as the attacker on social media, Channel 4 News and The Independent shortly after the attack, although Izzadeen was actually in prison at the time. In April 2017, OFCOM announced an investigation into the Channel 4 News naming of Izzadeen.

Investigation

At 23:00 on 22 March, West Midlands Police raided a flat in Hagley Road, Birmingham. By the morning of 23 March, six locations in East London and Birmingham had been raided resulting in the arrests of eight people on suspicion of preparing terrorist acts. Officials also carried out searches in London, Brighton and Carmarthenshire. The investigation was named Operation Classific. By 24 March, three further arrests had taken place, two men overnight in the West Midlands and North West England and a woman during the day in Manchester. A woman, arrested earlier in East London, was released on bail. Later on 24 March, seven of those initially arrested were released without further action and the woman arrested in Manchester was released on bail.

By 25 March, only one man from Birmingham remained in custody and the woman on bail from East London had been removed from police enquiries. Up to that point in the investigation, 2,700 items had been seized and 3,500 witnesses had been contacted. A further arrest was made in Birmingham on 26 March. By 1 April, all twelve suspects arrested after the attack had been released without charge.

Inquests

Inquests for the dead victims were opened and adjourned on 29 March 2017, and into Masood's death the following day, both under the Senior Coroner for Westminster, Fiona Wilcox.

On 12 October 2018, the jury at the inquest into Masood's death, held under the direction of the Chief Coroner of England and Wales, Mark Lucraft, found that Masood had been lawfully killed by a minister's close protection officer identified only as SA74. Two plain-clothed armed officers from the Royalty and Specialist Protection branch of the Metropolitan Police became aware of the ongoing attack; SA74 recounted to the court how Masood had ignored shouted warnings and how he had opened fire in response to Masood running towards him brandishing a knife.

Reactions

Reactions to the attack expressed shock and outrage, and characterised it as an attack against liberty, freedom of speech, and democracy.

Domestic

Both the House of Commons and the House of Lords resumed their normal functions on 23 March, the day after the attack. A one-minute silence in honour of the dead was observed in Parliament, and by London's emergency services, at 09:33. The time was selected to coincide with the start of the day's official parliamentary business. In the morning session of parliament, Prime Minister Theresa May said that, "Yesterday an act of terrorism tried to silence our democracy, but today we meet as normal ... to deliver a simple message: We are not afraid and our resolve will never waver in the face of terrorism." In a later statement following the 2017 London Bridge attack, May stated that all three recent attacks were "bound together by the single evil ideology of Islamic extremism". The Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn, the Leader of the Opposition, described the attack as "an appalling atrocity". The speakers of both Houses of Parliament jointly offered sympathy to those affected, and thanked the emergency services. The Scottish Parliament suspended the day's proceedings, including a debate on a second independence referendum. Some MSPs who opposed the decision to suspend parliament said that doing so was "giving in to terrorism".

On 23 March, Christian, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim and Sikh faith leaders met officers at Scotland Yard to discuss responses to the attack. Muslim groups, including the Muslim Council of Britain, Ahmadi Muslims UK, and individual mosques across the country condemned the attack. That evening, there was a public candlelit vigil in Trafalgar Square to honour victims of the attack. It was led by the Mayor of London Sadiq Khan, the Home Secretary Amber Rudd and the Acting Metropolitan Commissioner Craig Mackey and attended by leaders of different faiths.

The Metropolitan Police honoured PC Palmer by retiring his shoulder number 4157U; Charlton Athletic F.C. announced that his season ticket seat at the Valley would not be occupied at the club's next home game, but would instead have a club scarf placed over it as a mark of respect. A JustGiving fund was set up, with the target of raising £100,000 for his family, a goal attained in less than 24 hours. A group called "Muslims United for London" also raised over £29,000 to support victims and victims' families, releasing a statement saying, "The British Muslim community stands with the community during these difficult times". Home Secretary Amber Rudd announced that PC Palmer would be remembered at the National Memorial Arboretum's UK Police Memorial in Staffordshire.

On 24 March, Prince Charles visited victims of the attack at King's College Hospital; Tobias Ellwood was appointed to the Privy Council for his role in rendering aid to PC Palmer, as was security minister Ben Wallace MP, who helped co-ordinate the government response.

On 26 March, in an event organised by Women's March on London, roughly 100 women, including many Muslims, joined hands to form a chain along Westminster Bridge and stood in silence for five minutes to pay tribute to the victims of the attack. Amber Rudd appeared on BBC's The Andrew Marr Show to call for government backdoor access to encrypted messaging services like WhatsApp, which Masood used to send a message shortly before the attack. She announced a meeting with similar technology industry leaders for 30 March, where she would persuade them to voluntarily co-operate with the government. She refused to rule out passing new legislation to this end if the companies do not comply.

Prince William laid a wreath at the Arboretum in honour of PC Palmer on 29 March. In the 2017 Queen's Birthday Honours, Palmer was posthumously awarded the George Medal.

As part of the 2019 New Year Honours, six other constables, Andy Dunmore, John Kenealy, Stephen Marsh, Mary Mayes, Richard Moore, and Jerry Pearce, received the British Empire Medal following the attack, and PC Nick Carlisle was awarded the Queen's Police Medal for Distinguished Service. Acting Detective Sergeant Zac Idun, nurse Joy Ongcachuy, Peter Boorman of NHS England, and Claire Summers were all made OBEs for services in investigating the attacks and assisting the victims and their families.

On 22 March 2022, the five year anniversary of the attack, a memorial service was held, and a memorial plaque installed on Westminster Bridge.

International

In addition to the expressions of shock, support, solidarity and sympathy offered by many national governments and heads of state, the United Nations Security Council observed a minute of silence at its morning meeting on 23 March. The attack was denounced by the European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.

On the evening of the attack, the Brandenburg Gate in Germany and Tel Aviv City Hall in Israel were illuminated with the Union Jack. At midnight that evening, the Eiffel Tower's lights were switched off to honour those killed in the London attack. On 23 March, Jean-Marc Ayrault, France's Minister of Foreign Affairs, came to London, where he first visited the hospital where three French high school students injured in the attack were being treated and later attended the morning session in the House of Commons.

Documentary

The BBC TV documentary series Hospital was filming a routine meeting at St Mary's when the attack occurred; within minutes St Mary's declared a "major incident", one of several central London hospitals to do so. The cameras recorded the involvement of the emergency department and intensive care staff over the next few hours, and then followed the cases of three patients until their discharge. This episode was broadcast in June 2017.

Notes

These included the governments and heads of state of: Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Canada, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, East Timor, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Laos, Malaysia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, the United States and Vietnam.

References

^ Sengupta, Kim (27 April 2017). "Last message left by Westminster attacker Khalid Masood uncovered by security agencies". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
Whitehead, Tom; Swinford, Steven (29 August 2014). "Britain facing 'greatest terrorist threat' in history". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
Lawless, Jill; Dodds, Paisley; Kirka, Danica (22 March 2017). "UK Parliament attack: Five dead and 40 injured in 'sick and depraved terrorist incident' at Westminster". Associated Press.
Bush, Stephen (23 March 2017). "Westminster terror attack: What we know so far". New Statesman. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
"Pension Schemes Bill [Lords]". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons. 22 March 2017. col. 902.
^ Warrell, Helen (25 March 2016). "Westminster attack lasted less than 90 seconds". Financial Times. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
^ Hickey, Shane (25 March 2016). "Westminster attack: car hire firms urged to tell police about suspicious customers". The Observer. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
^ Rayner, George (26 March 2017). "How 82 seconds of hell started with a WhatsApp message". The Sunday Telegraph. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
Martin Evans, Harry Yorke (27 March 2017). "Mother of Westminster terrorist says she is 'shocked' by his actions and does not condone the attack". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
"Update: Westminster terror attack". Metropolitan Police Service. 27 March 2017. Archived from the original on 27 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
"Westminster attacker 'drove up to 76mph' during attack". BBC Newsdate=27 March 2017.
Gilchrist, Karen (23 March 2017). "London police name Parliament attacker as British-born Khalid Masood, age 52". CNBC. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
^ "London attack: Four dead in Westminster terror attack". BBC News. 22 March 2017.
Craw, Victoria (7 April 2017). "Romanian woman Andreea Cristea dies in hospital after London attack". News.com.au.
"U.K. attacker ID'd as Khalid Masood, British-born man once investigated for 'violent extremism'". CBC News. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
^ Rayner, Gordon; McCann, Kate (23 March 2017). "London attack: Cabinet minister's bodyguard shot Westminster terrorist". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
^ "London attack – latest updates". BBC News. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
^ Boyle, Danny; Evans, Martin. "Parliament shooting: Knifeman shot by police after charging through Westminster gates and stabbing officer". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
"London attack: Khalid Masood 'died from shot to chest'". BBC News. 30 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
^ Allen, Emily (22 March 2017). "Westminster attack: Everything we know so far". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
^ Sparrow, Andrew. "Parliament attack: man shot after police officer stabbed at House of Commons". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
Siddique, Haroon (12 October 2018). "Westminster attacker lawfully killed by minister's bodyguard, jury finds". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
^ Grierson, Jamie (30 March 2017). "Khalid Masood died of gunshot wound to chest, inquest hears". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
"Hero MP in Parliament terror attack: Tobias Ellwood battled to save life of stabbed officer". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
"London attack: One still held in police custody". BBC News. 25 March 2016. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
Bethany Minelle. "How did Theresa May's security team handle her evacuation from Westminster?". Sky News. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
"Prime Minister chairs meeting of Cobra committee | London". ITV News. 22 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
^ Dodd, Vikram; MacAskill, Ewen; Grierson, Jamie; Stewart, Heather (23 March 2017). "Westminster attack: police hunt for clues after four dead in 'sick and depraved' incident". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
Gardner, Frank (4 May 2017). "UK upgrades response to terror threats". BBC News. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
"Statement on incident at Westminster". London Ambulance Service. 23 March 2017. Archived from the original on 27 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
Lindsay Hoyle (22 March 2017). "Sitting suspended". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons. col. 902.
Carrell, Severin. "Holyrood suspends referendum debate after Westminster attacks". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
"Assembly suspended after London attack". BBC News. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
^ "London attack: Injuries to Irish person caught up in terror are 'not life-threatening'". Irish Independent. 23 March 2017.
^ "Andreea Cristea: woman who fell in the Thames during the Westminster attack dies in hospital". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
"Attentat à Londres : des lycéens Français blessés, un assaillant neutralisé au Parlement". Capital (in French). Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
"Giovane bolognese lievemente ferita nell'attentato di Londra". la Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 22 March 2017.
"Londra, attacco al Parlamento. Quattro morti, ferite due italiane. Ucciso l'assalitore. May: 'Atto odioso' – Europa" (in Italian). ansa.it. 22 March 2017.
"Australian injured in London attack". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
"Chinese tourist injured in London terror attack". Times of News. 23 March 2017. Archived from the original on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
"Há um português entre os feridos. "Já teve alta e está bem de saúde", diz Governo" (in Portuguese). Expresso. 22 March 2017. Archived from the original on 26 January 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
Horton, Helena. "Aysha Frade: the first named civilian victim of Westminster attack 'was picking up her children from school'". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
"Health improving for Utah woman injured in London terror attack | KSL.com". Retrieved 27 March 2017.
"Civilian death toll climbs after London terror attack". CBS News. 24 March 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
Maev Kennedy – Westminster attack: Leslie Rhodes 'the nicest man you ever met' – The Guardian. 24 March 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
"Westminster Bridge attack victim Andreea Cristea dies". BBC News. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
"Keith Palmer named as officer killed in London terror attack". Metro. UK. 22 March 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
Batchelor, Tom (22 March 2017). "Keith Palmer: Policeman stabbed to death in London terror attack named". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
"Attaque à Londres: des élèves français blessés, selon Bernard Cazeneuve". Les Echos (in French). Paris. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
Adrian Russell Elms/Khalid Masood ìmage, counterextremism.com. Accessed 21 March 2024.
^ Sparrow, Andrew (23 March 2017). "London terror attack: Khalid Masood named by police as responsible for Westminster attack". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
^ Craw, Victoria (24 March 2017). "First pictures emerge of London terrorist". News.com.au.
^ "London attack: Police appeal for information on Khalid Masood". BBC News. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
"London attack: Westminster suspect identified as Adrian Russell Ajao". CNN. 24 March 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
Griffin, Andrew (23 March 2017). "Khalid Masood: London attacker was known to MI5 but had no terror convictions". Independent. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
Brown, David; Swerling, Gabriella; Gibbons, Katie (23 March 2017). "Police search homes linked to criminal with a string of aliases". The Times. p. 2. ISSN 0140-0460.
Laville, Sandra; Booth, Robert (25 March 2017). "Khalid Masood: from Kent schoolboy to Westminster attacker". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
^ "First picture of Khalid Masood reveals how he went from football-loving teenager to London attacker". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
^ Robert Mendick; Emily Allen. "Khalid Masood: Everything we know about the London attacker". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
^ Anderson, David (2017). Attacks in London and Manchester, March-June 2017: Independent Assessment of MI5 and Police Internal Reviews. pp.12-14
"'No evidence' Khalid Masood had links to IS or al-Qaeda". BBC News. 27 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017. " ... said there was also no evidence Masood was radicalised in prison in 2003.
Gillett, Francesca (27 March 2017). "Terrorist Masood 'had no links with Islamic State in low tech attack'". London Evening Standard. Retrieved 28 March 2017. There is no evidence that Masood was radicalised in prison in 2003, as has been suggested; this is pure speculation at this time
Laville, Sandra; Booth, Robert (25 March 2017). "Khalid Masood: from Kent schoolboy to Westminster attacker". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
^ "London Attacker Khalid Masood Worked in Saudi Arabia Teaching English". Time. Archived from the original on 25 March 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
Grierson, Jamie; Dodd, Vikram; Laville, Sandra; Ross, Alice (24 March 2017). "Westminster attack: terrorist's final hours and violent past". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
^ "Westminster attacker Khalid Masood had interest in jihad, say police". The Guardian. 27 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
"London terrorist linked to remote-controlled car bomb plot to blow up Army base". The Daily Telegraph. 27 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
Bilefsky, Dan (23 March 2017). "London Attacker Identified as Khalid Masood". The New York Times. London. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
^ "London attack: Police name Westminster attacker". BBC News. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
"London terrorist Khalid Masood showed no extremist tendencies, says ex-boss". The Guardian. 28 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
Khomami, Nadia; Phipps, Claire (24 March 2017). "London terror attack: police name fourth fatality and make two 'significant' arrests – live". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
Slawson, Nicola (15 January 2018). "Khalid Masood took steroids before carrying out Westminster attack". the Guardian. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
Burke, Jason (23 March 2017). "No surprise that London attacker Khalid Masood was born in UK". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 October 2018. The standout detail from the sketchy profile we have of Khalid Masood is his age: 52, nearly twice that of most contemporary attackers.
^ "Terrorist attack in Westminster". Metropolitan Police News. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
"5 dead in London attacks, including police officer and attacker, British police say". London: WLS-TV. Associated Press. 22 March 2017. Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
"Terror attack on UK parliament leaves 5 dead and 40 injured". Financial Times. 22 March 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
Video: "Scotland Yard's top anti-terror officer Mark Rowley gives new details on the attack". TRT World. 22 March 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
^ "London Attacks". Hansard. 623. House of Commons. 23 March 2017.
"London attack: ISIL claims responsibility as Theresa May reveals terrorist was British citizen who had been investigated by MI5". The Telegraph. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
Hamilton, Fiona; Ford, Richard; Dominic, Kennedy; Simpson, John (24 March 2017). "Killer was Muslim convert". The Times. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
Lizzie Dearden. "Isis claiming responsibility for London attack to mask huge losses in Iraq and Syria, say terror experts". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
"Incident in Westminster". Metropolitan Police. 25 March 2017. Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
Lizzie Dearden. "Khalid Masood: Suspected Isis supporter used WhatsApp two minutes before London attack". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
"London attacker Khalid Masood acted alone, say police". BBC News. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
Update: Westminster terror attack Archived 27 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Metropolitan Police News. 27 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
"The Story of the Man Mistaken as the Westminster Attacker". Vice. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
Nsubuga, Jimmy (3 April 2017). "Ofcom investigates Channel 4 News over London terror attack mistake". Metro. Associated Newspapers Limited. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
"London attack: Eight held after armed police raids". BBC News. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
"London attack: Police activity understood to be in Wales". BBC News. Wales. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
Boyle, Danny (24 March 2017). "London attack: Westminster terrorist Khalid Masood branded 'scum and pure evil' by victim's relative as two people remain in custody". The Daily Telegraph.
Katz, Gregory. "London attacker taught English in Saudi Arabia for 2 years". The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
Grierson, Jamie; Dodd, Vikram; Booth, Robert (24 March 2017). "Westminster attack: nine in custody after 'significant' arrests". The Guardian.
"London attack: Man, 30, arrested in Birmingham". BBC News. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
Johnston, Chris (1 April 2017). "All 12 people arrested over Westminster attack released without charge". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
Siddique, Haroon (12 October 2018). "Westminster attacker lawfully killed by minister's bodyguard, jury finds". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 October 2018.
London attack: World leaders show solidarity, BBC News (23 March 2017).
Miller, Nick. London terror attack: 'Attack on democracy' the theme of newspaper front pages, The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
^ "London attack: Theresa May tells MPs 'we'll never waver'". BBC. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
Theresa May: London terror attack shows Britain too tolerant of extremism, Independent, 4 June
Phipps, Claire; Taylor, Matthew; Rawlinson, Kevin; Sparrow, Andrew; Topping, Alexandra (23 March 2017). "Westminster attack: PC Keith Palmer named as police officer killed – as it happened". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
"Holyrood referendum debate halted after Westminster shooting". BBC News. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
"Scottish independence referendum debate to resume next Tuesday". BBC News. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
^ Sherwood, Harriet; Pidd, Helen (23 March 2017). "UK Muslim leaders condemn 'cowardly' London attack". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
"Ahmadiyya Muslims condemn 'barbaric acts' of terrorism at annual Peace Symposium at Baitul Futuh Mosque in Morden". 27 March 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
Walker, Peter (23 March 2017). "Westminster vigil: we will never be cowed by terrorism, says mayor". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
"Trafalgar Square vigil in honour of London terror attack victims". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
"Charlton Athletic plan tribute to Keith Palmer, policeman killed in London terror attack". Sky Sports. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
Ahmed, Muddassar (23 March 2017). "Muslims United for London". LaunchGood. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
Cockburn, Harry (23 March 2017). "Muslim community raises £3,000 in just one hour in support of Westminster terror attack victims". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
Horton, Helena (23 March 2017). "Muslim group raises £3,000 in an hour in support of Westminster attack victims". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
"London attack: PC Keith Palmer to be honoured on memorial". BBC News. 25 March 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
Boyle, Danny (24 March 2017). "Prince Charles visits Westminster attack victims in hospital and praises 'marvellous efforts' of medics". The Telegraph. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
Agerholm, Harriet (24 March 2017). "MPs Tobias Ellwood and Ben Wallace appointed to Privy Council in honour of Westminster response". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
"London attack: Women hold hands to honour bridge victims". BBC. 27 March 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
"Muslim women stand 'in solidarity' with London terror attack victims on Westminster Bridge". The Independent. 26 March 2017. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
"Women link hands on Westminster Bridge to remember victims". The Guardian. 26 March 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2017.
Andrew Sparrow (26 March 2017), "WhatsApp must be accessible to authorities, says Amber Rudd", The Guardian, retrieved 29 March 2017
"Prince William lays wreath for London attack officer". BBC News. 29 March 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
"Queen honours Westminster attack PC Keith Palmer for bravery". BBC News. 16 June 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
"No. 61969". The London Gazette (8th supplement). 16 June 2017. p. 11774.
"New Year Honours 2019: Terror attack police and medics honoured". BBC. 29 December 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
"Service of remembrance for PC Keith Palmer and victims of Westminster Bridge terror attack". Mynewsdesk. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
"Westminster Bridge: plaque installed to honour terror victims". London SE1. 16 March 2022.
"Algeria condemns terrorist attack in London". Algeria Press Service. 23 March 2017. Archived from the original on 24 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
"La Argentina condena el atentado en Londres, Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte" (in Spanish). Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship. Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
"President Serzh Sargsyan sent a letter of condolences to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Theresa May – Telegrams of Condolence". The President of the Republic of Armenia. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
Conifer, Dan (23 March 2017). "London attack: Prime Minister Turnbull condemns assault on 'freedom and democracy everywhere'". ABC News. Australia. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
"British PM condemns 'sick and depraved terrorist attack' that left 5 dead in London". CBC News. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
^ "The Latest: S. Korea Working To Bring UK Attack Victims Home". Associated Press. 23 March 2017. Archived from the original on 23 March 2017.
@JuanManSantos (22 March 2017). ""Expreso total rechazo al ataque de hoy en #Londres. Nuestra solidaridad con la primera ministra @theresa_may y las víctimas en Reino Unido" (Tweet) (in Spanish) – via Twitter.
"PM after London attack: Terrorists will not deter Europe". Prague Daily Monitor. Archived from the original on 25 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
"Løkke om London-angreb: Det ligner endnu et angreb på vestlige demokratier". Altinget.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 23 March 2017.
"Timor-Leste expresses condolences and solidarity in the wake of London attack". Government of Timor-Leste. 24 March 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
"Egypt Condemns London Terrorist Attack, Calls for International Efforts to Combat Extremism". 23 March 2017.
Thursday's papers: London attack, Koivisto's health, Terrafame dispute and a spring warbler. Yle News. 23 March 2017
"Germany's Merkel expresses shock at London attack". Reuters. 23 March 2017. Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
"Hungarian Government offers condolences to families of victims". Website of the Hungarian Government. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
Quint, The (22 March 2017). "London Attack Live: Police Raid Birmingham, Several Arrested". thequint.com. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
"No Indonesian Casualties in London Terrorist Attack". Jakarta Globe. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
"ایران حمله تروریستی لندن را محکوم کرد" [Iran condemned the London terrorist attack] (in Persian). Deutsche Welle. ISNA. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
Hilliard, Mark (22 March 2017). "President Higgins expresses 'sympathy of the Irish people'". The Irish Times. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
Shaham, Udi (22 March 2017). "Israel stands with UK against terrorism". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
Italian government responds to Westminster attack Archived 23 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine Il Globo, 22 March 2017.
"英国でのテロについての会見" (in Japanese). 首相官邸 (Prime Minister's Official Residence). 23 March 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
"安倍首相「テロ許せない」、英メイ首相を強く支持". @niftyニュース (in Japanese). Nifty Corporation. 23 March 2017. Archived from the original on 25 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
^ "The Latest: Jordan condemns IS and London attack". Archived from the original on 23 March 2017.
"Condolence Message to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Laos. 24 March 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
"Najib shocked, saddened by Britain's parliament attack". The Star. Bernama. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
"Rutte noemt beelden uit Londen afschuwelijk" [Rutte calls images from London horrible]. De Telegraaf (in Dutch). Amsterdam: TMG Landelijke Media B.V. 22 March 2017. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
"Pakistan High Commissioner to UK condemns London terrorist attack".
"PH condemns London attack". ABS-CBN News. 24 March 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
^ Henderson, Barney (23 March 2017). "Donald Trump offers Theresa May full US cooperation and support: world reaction to Westminster terror attack". The Daily Telegraph.
"Convorbirea telefonică între Președintele României, domnul Klaus Iohannis, și Prim-ministrul Regatului Unit al Marii Britanii şi Irlandei de Nord, doamna Theresa May" (in Romanian). President of Romania. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
^ "Russia and Turkey offer condolences". WAND17. 23 March 2017. Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
Lester Wong (23 March 2017). "London attacks: President Tony Tan and Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong convey their condolences to the UK". The Straits Times. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
"S. Korea condemns London attack, vows to fight terrorism". Yonhap. Yonhap. 23 March 2017.
"Löfven efter London: "Människor ska känna sig säkra"". Aftonbladet (in Swedish). Retrieved 23 March 2017.
"Thai premier expresses deep sorrow on London attack". The Nation. 24 March 2017. Archived from the original on 24 March 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
La présidence de la République présente ses condoléances à la reine de Game Of Thrones, Business.com.tn, 23 March 2017.
"President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko has condemned the terrorist attack at the Palace of Westminster and Westminster Bridge in London". Ukrinform. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
"Vietnam condemns terror attacks in UK". Voice of Vietnam. 23 March 2017. Archived from the original on 23 March 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
"Security Council Grants Mandate Extension for Democratic People's Republic of Korea Expert Panel, Unanimously Adopting Resolution 2345 (2017) – Meetings Coverage and Press Releases".
"Video: Boris Johnson leads the UN Security Council in a minute of silence". The Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
Alexander, Harriet; Horton, Helena (22 March 2017). "Brandenburg gate and other landmarks around the world lit up with Union Flag in solidarity with London". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
"Eiffel Tower goes dark in solidarity with London terror victims". The Independent. Archived from the original on 1 May 2022. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
"Parents in France waited in agony after news of Westminster attack". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
"Our values will prevail, defiant Theresa May tells MPs as parliament resumes". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
Wollaston, Sam (21 June 2017). "Hospital review – extraordinary TV as a story of NHS strain gives way to terror in Westminster". The Guardian.

External links

Terrorism in the United Kingdom

Attacks

1880s	Fenian (1881-1885) London Bridge (1884)
1960s	El Al Flight 426 (1968)
1970s	Crossmaglen (1970) Belfast (1971) Ballymurphy (1971) Red Lion Pub (1971) McGurk's Bar (1971) Balmoral Furniture Company (1971) Aldershot (1972) Abercorn (1972) Dungiven (1972) Springhill (1972) Belfast (1972) Claudy (1972) Newry (1972) London Israeli Embassy (1972) Benny's Bar (1972) Top of the Hill (1972) New Lodge Six (1973) Old Bailey (1973) Westminster (1973) Thomas Niedermayer (1973) M62 (1974) Rose & Crown Bar (1974) Houses of Parliament (1974) Tower of London (1974) British Airways (1974) Sandy Row (1974) Birmingham (1974) London (1974) Guildford (1974) Bristol (1974) West Kensington (1975) Mountainview Tavern (1975) Strand Bar (1975) Bleary Darts Club (1975) Caterham Arms (1975) Northern Ireland (1975) Picadilly (1975) Balcombe Street (1975) Donnelly's Bar and Kay's Tavern (1975) Biddy Mulligan's (1975) Central Bar (1975) Reavey and O'Dowd (1976) Kingsmill (1976) West Ham (1976) Hillcrest (1976) Olympia (1976) Charlemont (1976) Chlorane Bar (1976) The Store Bar (1976) Balmoral Furniture Company (1976) La Mon (1978) London (1978) Glasgow (1979) Westminster (1979)
1980s	Dunmurry (1980) Iranian Embassy (1980) Altnaveigh (1981) Chelsea Barracks (1981) African National Congress headquarters (1982) London (1982) Hyde Park and Regent's Park (1982) Droppin Well (1982) Darkley (1983) Harrods (1983) Birmingham (1984) Heathrow Airport (1984) Brighton (1984) Newry (1985) Ballygawley (1985) El Al Flight 016 (1986) Loughgall (1987) Enniskillen (1987) Milltown Cemetery (1988) Andersonstown (1988) Avenue Bar (1988) Pan Am Flight 103 (1988) Deal (1989) Derryard (1989)
1990s	Wembley (1990) Carlton Club (1990) London Stock Exchange (1990) Hankham (1990) Downing Street (1991) Paddington and Victoria (1991) Cappagh (1991) Craigavon (March 1991) Musgrave Park Hospital (1991) Craigavon (November 1991) Teebane (1992) Sean Graham's (1992) Baltic Exchange (1992) Staples Corner (1992) Cloghoge (1992) Sussex Arms (1992) James Murray's (1992) Stoke Newington Road (1992) Harrods (1993) Warrington (1993) Camden Town (1993) Castlerock (1993) Bishopsgate (1993) Bournemouth (1993) Finchley Road (1993) Shankill Road (1993) Greysteel (1993) Heathrow (1994) Loughinisland (1994) London Israeli Embassy (1994) Docklands (1996) Aldwych (1996) Manchester (1996) Thiepval (1996) Ballymoney (1998) Banbridge (1998) Omagh (1998) London (1999)
2000s	SIS Building (2000) BBC Television Centre (2001) Ealing (2001) Birmingham (2001) London (7 July, 2005) London (21 July, 2005) London (2007) Glasgow Airport (2007) Exeter (2008) Massereene Barracks (2009) Craigavon (2009)
2010s	Newry (2010) Beckton (2010) Omagh (2011) M1 Motorway (2012) Woolwich (2013) Green Lane Mosque (2013) Birstall (2016) Westminster (2017) Manchester Arena (2017) London Bridge (2017) Finsbury Park (2017) Parsons Green (2017) Westminster (2018) Creggan (2019) London Bridge (2019)
2020s	Streatham (2020) Reading (2020) Leigh-on-Sea (2021) Liverpool Women's Hospital (2021) Dover (2022)

Plots

Terrorists

Organisations

Counterterrrorism

Counterterrorists	Ernest Bond Helen Ball Neil Basu
Operations	2006 Cheetham Hill terrorism arrests Forest Gate raid Operation Crevice Operation Guava Operation Kratos Operation Pathway Operation Pitsford Operation Temperer
Laws and bills	Nuclear Material (Offences) Act 1983 Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act 1989 Criminal Justice (Terrorism and Conspiracy) Act 1998 Terrorism Act 2000 Terrorism Act 2006 Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005 Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 Communications Data Bill 2008 Terrorist Asset-Freezing (Temporary Provisions) Act 2010 Terrorism Prevention and Investigation Measures Act 2011 Anti-Social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014 Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015 Counter-Terrorism and Border Security Act 2019 Terrorist Offenders (Restriction of Early Release) Act 2020 Terrorism (Protection of Premises) Bill
Units	Commission for Countering Extremism Counter Terrorism Command Counter Terrorism Policing Counter-Terrorism Internet Referral Unit E4A Homeland Security Group Joint Terrorism Analysis Centre Special Branch Special Immigration Appeals Commission Specialist Operations

In media

Films and television	The Violent Enemy (1968) A Sense of Loss (1972) A War of Children (1972) The Secret Army (1972) A Quiet Day in Belfast (1974) Hennessy (1975) Mondo Candido (1975) Born for Hell (1976) The Outsider (1979) Looks and Smiles(1981) Harry's Game (1982) Cal (1984) Four Days in July (1984) No Surrender (1985) In This Corner (1986) A Prayer for the Dying (1987) For Queen and Country (1988) The Grasscutter (1988) Elephant (1989) Hush-a-Bye Baby (1989) Dear Sarah (1990) Hidden Agenda (1990) Shoot to Kill (1990) The Crying Game (1992) The Railway Station Man (1992) Patriot Games (1992) You, Me and Marley (1992) In the Name of the Father (1993) Blown Away (1994) Patriots (1994) Nothing Personal (1995) Some Mother's Son (1996) A Further Gesture (1997) My Brother's War (1997) The Boxer (1997) The Devil's Own (1997) The Informant (1997) The Jackal (1997) This Is the Sea (1997) Crossmaheart (1998) Divorcing Jack (1998) Resurrection Man (1998) The General (1998) Titanic Town (1998) Vicious Circle (1999) An Everlasting Piece (2000) H3 (2001) Silent Grace (2001) Moving Target (2002) Bloody Sunday (2002) Sunday (2002) Holy Cross (2003) Mickybo and Me (2004) Omagh (2004) Gunpowder, Treason & Plot (2004) Breakfast on Pluto (2005) Fifty Dead Men Walking (2005) Johnny Was (2005) The Mighty Celt (2005) The Gunpowder Plot: Exploding the Legend (2005) Undercover Mosque (2007) 7/7 Ripple Effect (2007) Closing the Ring (2007) Anton (2008) Hunger (2008) Peacefire (2008) Five Minutes of Heaven (2009) London River (2009) The Shore (2011) Beyond Right and Wrong (2012) Shadow Dancer (2012) A Belfast Story (2013) '71 (2014) A Song for Jenny (2015) Bobby Sands: 66 Days (2016) The Journey (2016) Gunpowder (2017) Maze (2017) The Foreigner (2017) Derry Girls (2018) Penance (2018) Unquiet Graves (2019) Wildfire (2020) A Bend in the River (2021) Belfast (2021) Baltimore (2023) Dead Shot (2023) In the Land of Saints and Sinners (2023) Once Upon a Time in Northern Ireland (2023)
Literature	Guy Fawkes (1840) Kevin and Sadie (1970) A Breed of Heroes (1981) Silver's City (1981) Cal (1983) Third World War (1988) Watchman (novel) (1988) Ripley Bogle (1989) Troubled Souls (1989) For a Few Troubles More (1990) Lies of Silence (1990) House of Splendid Isolation (1994) Eureka Street (1996) The Gunpowder Plot: Terror and Faith in 1605 (1996) Lost Lives (1999) Belfast Confetti (2000) No Bones (2001) A Secret History of the IRA (2002) A Son Called Gabriel (2004) Bloody Sunday: Scenes from the Saville Inquiry (2005) Where They Were Missed (2006) The Islamist (2007) My Traitor (2008) Radical: My Journey out of Islamist Extremism (2012) Milkman (2018) Say Nothing (2018)
Music	Kevin Barry (c. 1920) Dying Rebel (1916) Black and Tan Gun (1966) The Merry Ploughboy (1966) The Men Behind the Wire (1971) Give Ireland Back to the Irish (1972) Soldier (1972) Sunday Bloody Sunday (1972) The Luck of the Irish (1972) The Helicopter Song (1973) ] (1973) Little Armalite (1975) Belfast (1977) Inflammable Material (1979) Oliver's Army (1979) Invisible Sun (1981) Theme from Harry's Game (1982) Sunday Bloody Sunday (1983) Michael Caine (1984) Out in the Fields (1985) The Island (1985) Through the Barricades (1986) Streets of Sorrow/Birmingham Six (1988) Belfast Child (1989) Easter (1989) Holy Wars... The Punishment Due (1990) That's Just the Way It Is (1990) Flags and Emblems (1991) Zombie (1994) Please (1997) Sunrise (1998) Paper Sun (1999) Peace on Earth (2000) Over the Rainbow (2017)
Other	The Freedom of the City (1973) The Beautiful Game (2000) Yesterday Was a Weird Day (2005) The Plot (1988) The Hooded Gunman (2007) Equivocation (2009) Treason (2022)

Islamic terrorism in Europe

General

Attacks

East

North

United Kingdom	2005 London bombings Glasgow Airport attack Murder of Lee Rigby 2017 Westminster attack Manchester Arena bombing 2017 London Bridge attack Parsons Green train bombing 2019 London Bridge stabbing 2020 Streatham stabbing 2020 Reading stabbings Murder of David Amess

South

West

2020 Vienna attack

Belgium	Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting 2016 Brussels bombings 2016 stabbing of Charleroi police officers 2016 stabbing of Brussels police officers June 2017 Brussels attack August 2017 Brussels attack 2018 Liège attack
France	Air France Flight 8969 1995 bombings Toulouse and Montauban shootings 2013 La Défense attack 2014 Tours police station stabbing 2015 Île-de-France attacks Charlie Hebdo shooting Hypercacher siege 2015 Nice stabbing Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack 2015 Thalys train attack 2015 Paris attacks 2016 Paris police station attack 2016 Magnanville stabbing 2016 Nice truck attack 2016 Normandy church attack 2017 Orly Airport attack 2017 Champs-Élysées attack 2017 Notre Dame attack 2017 Champs-Élysées ramming Levallois-Perret attack 2017 Marseille stabbing Carcassonne and Trèbes attack 2018 Paris knife attack 2018 Strasbourg attack 2019 Lyon bombing Paris police headquarters stabbing 2020 Romans-sur-Isère knife attack 2020 Paris stabbing attack Murder of Samuel Paty 2020 Nice stabbing Rambouillet knife attack
Germany	2011 Frankfurt Airport shooting Hanover stabbing Würzburg train attack 2016 Ansbach bombing 2016 Berlin truck attack 2017 Hamburg knife attack 2020 Dresden knife attack
Netherlands	Murder of Theo van Gogh 2018 Amsterdam stabbing attack 2019 Utrecht tram shooting

Counter-
terrorism

Operations	Opération Sentinelle, France Operation Vigilant Guardian, Belgium Operation Temperer, UK
Raids	2014 anti-terrorism operations in Norway January 2015 anti-terrorism operations in Belgium Brussels lockdown 2016 Brussels police raids 2015 Saint-Denis, France raid 2017 Saint Petersburg raid

v t e Vehicle-ramming attacks
1970s	Prague (July 1973) Ciurea (July 1974)
1980s	Reno (November 1980) Uluru (August 1983)
1990s	Costa Mesa (May 1999)
2000s	Azor (February 2001) Isla Vista (February 2001) Lyon (March 2002) UNC (March 2006) Glasgow (June 2007) Akihabara (June 2008) Jerusalem bulldozer (July 2008) Kashgar (August 2008) Jerusalem BMW (September 2008) Apeldoorn (April 2009)
2010s	Hebei (August 2010) Tel Aviv truck (May 2011) Kashgar (July 2011) Tel Aviv nightclub (August 2011) Woolwich (May 2013) Beijing (October 2013) Taipei (January 2014) Urumqi (May 2014) Isla Vista (May 2014) Jerusalem tractor (August 2014) Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu (October 2014) Jerusalem (October 2014) Jerusalem (November 2014) Dijon (December 2014) Nantes (December 2014) Graz (June 2015) Oklahoma (October 2015) Nice (July 2016) Ohio (November 2016) Berlin (December 2016) Jerusalem (January 2017) Melbourne (January 2017) Westminster (March 2017) Stockholm (April 2017) Times Square (May 2017) London Bridge (June 2017) Finsbury Park (June 2017) Paris (June 2017) Levallois-Perret (August 2017) Charlottesville (August 2017) Sept-Sorts (August 2017) Barcelona (August 2017) Edmonton (September 2017) NYC (October 2017) Melbourne (December 2017) Munster (April 2018) Toronto (April 2018) Westminster (August 2018) Tajikistan (July 2018) Mishui (September 2018) Tokyo (January 2019) Zaoyang (March 2019) Gush Etzion (August 2019)
2020s	Volkmarsen (February 2020) George Floyd protests (2020) Trier (December 2020) Washington, D.C. (April 2021) London, Ontario (June 2021) Minneapolis (June 2021) Novara (June 2021) Waukesha (November 2021) Beersheba (March 2022) Ariel (November 2022) Guangzhou (January 2023) Laval (February 2023) Ramot (February 2023) Amqui (March 2023) Brownsville (May 2023) Washington D.C. (May 2023) Nottingham (June 2023) Tel Aviv (July 2023) Rochester (January 2024) Ra'anana (January 2024) Tel Aviv (October 2024) Zhuhai (November 2024) Magdeburg (December 2024)

Categories:

Background

Attack

Aftermath

Casualties

Fatalities

Injuries

Perpetrator

Motive

Initial reports

Investigation

Inquests

Reactions

Domestic

International

Documentary

See also

Notes

References

External links