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2018 Rio de Janeiro gubernatorial election

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2018 Rio de Janeiro state election
← 2014 7 October 2018 (2018-10-07) (first round)
28 October 2018 (2018-10-28) (second round)		 2022 →
Gubernatorial election
 
Nominee Wilson Witzel Eduardo Paes
Party PSC DEM
Alliance More Order, More Progress Strength of Rio
Running mate Cláudio Castro Comte Bittencourt
Popular vote 4,675,355 3,134,400
Percentage 59.87% 40.13%
Candidate with the most votes per municipality in the 2nd round (92):
  •       Wilson Witzel (89)
  •       Eduardo Paes (3)
Governor before election

Francisco Dornelles (acting)
PP

Elected Governor

Wilson Witzel
PSC

Parliamentary election
Party Leader Vote % Seats +/–
Legislative Assembly
PSL Flávio Bolsonaro 15.62% 13 +11
DEM Filipe Soares 7.09% 6 +6
MDB Rafael Picciani 6.68% 5 −10
PSD Jorge Felippe Neto 4.69% 3 −5
PT Gilberto Palmares 4.53% 3 −3
Republicanos Jucélia Freitas 4.33% 3 +1
PP Dionisio Lins 3,14% 2 −2
PRP Bruno Dauaire 2.80 2 +2
PHS Marcos Muller 2.74% 2 +1
PSC Márcio Pacheco 2.44% 2 +1
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
2018 Rio de Janeiro Senate election
7 October 2018 (2018-10-07)
 
Candidate Flávio Bolsonaro Arolde de Oliveira Cesar Maia
Party PSL PSD DEM
Popular vote 4,380,418 2,382,265 2,327,634
Percentage 31.36% 17.06% 16.67%
Candidate with the most votes per municipality in the 1st round (92):
  •       Flávio Bolsonaro (84)
  •       César Maia (8)
Senators before election

Lindbergh Farias and Eduardo Lopes
PT and PRB

Elected Senators

Arolde de Oliveira and Flávio Bolsonaro
PSD and PSL

The Rio de Janeiro gubernatorial election of October 2018 was for the election of the Governor and Vice Governor of Rio de Janeiro and 70 State Deputies. People also voted for 2 of 3 Senators of the state representation in the Federal legislative power, with 45 federal deputies representatives of the Rio de Janeiro State. A second round was held after no candidate managed to secure more than 50% of the Governor votes.

The previous gubernatorial election in the state was held in October 2014. Supported by the Brazilian Democratic Movement, Luiz Fernando Pezão was re-elected in second round with 55.78% of the votes, against 44.22% of Marcelo Crivella.

In the second round runoff, Wilson Witzel was elected Governor of Rio de Janeiro.

Gubernatorial candidates

Candidates in runoff

Party Candidate Most relevant political office or occupation Party Running mate Coalition Electoral number
Social Christian Party

Social Christian Party (PSC)

Wilson Witzel
Wilson Witzel 		Federal judge of the 2nd Region
(2001–2018) 		Social Christian Party

Social Christian Party (PSC)

Cláudio Castro
Cláudio Castro 		More Order, More Progress 20
Democrats

Democrats (DEM)

Eduardo Paes
Eduardo Paes 		Mayor of Rio de Janeiro
(2009–2017) 		Popular Socialist Party
Popular Socialist Party (PPS) 		Comte Bittencourt
Comte Bittencourt 		Strength of Rio 25

Candidates failing to make runoff

Party Candidate Most relevant political office or occupation Party Running mate Coalition Electoral number
Democratic Labour Party

Democratic Labour Party (PDT)


Pedro Fernandes Neto 		Member of the Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro
(2007–2019) 		Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB) Gláucio Julianelli
Gláucio Julianelli 		Renew to Change 12
Workers' Party

Workers' Party (PT)

Marcia Tiburi
Marcia Tiburi 		Philosopher, plastic artist, university professor and writer Communist Party of Brazil
Communist Party of Brazil (PCdoB) 		Leonardo Giordano Popular Front 13
United Socialist Workers' Party

United Socialist Workers' Party (PSTU)

Dayse Oliveira
Dayse Oliveira 		Teacher and political militant United Socialist Workers' Party

United Socialist Workers' Party (PSTU)

Pedro Villas-Bôas — 16
Podemos

Podemos (PODE)

Romário Faria
Romário Faria 		Senator for Rio de Janeiro
(2015–present) 		Party of the Republic
Party of the Republic (PR) 		Marcelo Delaroli
Marcelo Delaroli 		The Strength that Comes from the People 19
Brazilian Labour Renewal Party (PRTB) André Monteiro
André Monteiro 		Warrant Officer of the Military Police of Rio de Janeiro State Brazilian Labour Renewal Party (PRTB) Jonas Licurgo — 28
New Party

New Party (NOVO)

Marcelo Trindade
Marcelo Trindade 		Lawyer and professor New Party

New Party (NOVO)

Carmen Migueles — 30
Socialism and Liberty Party

Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL)

Tarcísio Motta
Tarcísio Motta 		Member of the Municipal Chamber of Rio de Janeiro
(2017–2023) 		Socialism and Liberty Party

Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL)

Ivanete Silva Change is Possible 50
Social Democratic Party

Social Democratic Party (PSD)

Indio da Costa
Indio da Costa 		Member of the Chamber of Deputies
(2015–2019) 		Social Democratic Party

Social Democratic Party (PSD)

Zaqueu Teixeira
Zaqueu Teixeira 		— 55

Candidacies denied

Party Candidate Most relevant political office or occupation Party Running mate Coalition Electoral number
Workers' Cause Party

Workers' Cause Party (PCO)

Luiz Eugênio
Luiz Eugênio 		Metal worker Workers' Cause Party

Workers' Cause Party (PCO)

Joaquim Nogueira — 29
Progressive Republican Party (PRP) Anthony Garotinho
Anthony Garotinho 		Member of the Chamber of Deputies
(2011–2015) 		Brazilian Republican Party (PRB) Leide Duarte For the People to be Happy Again 44

Declined candidates

Debates

Governor

2018 Rio de Janeiro gubernatorial election debates
No. Date Hosts Moderators Participants
Key:
 P  Present  A  Absent  N  Not invited  Out  Out of the election 		PSC DEM PSOL PODE PDT PSD PT PRP
Witzel Paes Motta Romário Fernandes Indio Tiburi Garotinho
1.1 Thursday, 16 August 2018 Rede Bandeirantes Rodolfo Schneider P P P P P P P P
1.2 Tuesday, 28 August 2018 O Globo, Jornal Extra, Época, Estácio Ancelmo Gois, Berenice Seara N P P A N P N P
1.3 Wednesday, 19 September 2018 SBT, Folha, UOL Isabele Benito P P P P P P P P
1.4 Friday, 28 September 2018 RecordTV, R7 Janine Borba P P P P P P P Out
1.5 Tuesday, 2 October 2018 Rede Globo, G1 Ana Paula Araújo P P P P P P P Out
2.1 Wednesday, 17 October 2018 O Globo, Jornal Extra, Época Berenice Seara P P Out
2.2 Thursday, 18 October 2018 Rede Bandeirantes Rodolfo Schneider P P
2.3 Friday, 19 October 2018 RecordTV, R7 Janine Borba P P
2.4 Monday, 22 October 2022 CBN, G1 Bianca Santos P P
2.5 Tuesday, 23 October 2022 SBT, Folha, UOL, Super Rádio Tupi Isabele Benito P P
2.6 Thursday, 25 October 2018 Rede Globo, G1 Ana Paula Araújo P P

Opinion polls

Governor

First round

Pollster/client(s) Date(s)
conducted 		Sample
size 		Paes
DEM 		Romário
PODE 		Garotinho
PRP/PR 		Motta
PSOL 		Indio
PSD 		Fernandes
PDT 		Witzel
PSC 		Pezão
PMDB 		Crivella
PRB 		Others Abst.
Undec. 		Lead
2018 election 7 Oct – 19.56% 8.70% – 10.72% 5.95% 6.11% 41.28% – – 7.68% 19.34% 21.72%
Datafolha 5–6 Oct 2,667 23% 15% – 10% 11% 5% 14% – – 5% 14% 8%
Ibope 4–6 Oct 2,002 26% 17% – 7% 10% 5% 10% – – 8% 17% 9%
Datafolha 3–4 Oct 1,484 24% 16% – 9% 10% 6% 10% – – 8% 18% 8%
Ibope 30 Sep–2 Oct 2,002 26% 19% – 6% 10% 3% 7% – – 10% 20% 7%
27 Sep The Superior Electoral Court bans Anthony Garotinho from running in the 2018 elections
Datafolha 26–28 Sep 1,414 25% 14% 15% 6% 8% 2% 4% – – 6% 19% 10%
Ibope 22–24 Sep 1,512 24% 16% 16% 4% 6% 2% 4% – – 7% 22% 8%
Datafolha 18–19 Sep 1,358 22% 14% 12% 6% 7% 2% 4% – – 5% 27% 8%
Ibope 4–10 Sep 1,204 23% 20% 12% 5% 4% 2% 1% – – 5% 29% 3%
Datafolha 4–6 Sep 1,357 24% 14% 10% 7% 5% 3% 1% – – 5% 30% 10%
Datafolha 20–21 Aug 1,322 18% 16% 12% 5% 5% 3% 1% – – 7% 33% 2%
Ibope 17–20 Aug 1,204 12% 14% 12% 5% 3% 2% 1% – – 5% 46% 2%
2014 election 5 Oct 2014 – – – 19.73% 8.92% – – – 40.57% 20.26% 10.53% 17.56% 20.31%

Second round

Pollster/client(s) Date(s)
conducted 		Sample
size 		Witzel
PSC 		Paes
DEM 		Pezão
PMDB 		Crivella
PRB 		Abst.
Undec. 		Lead
2018 election 28 Oct – 59.87% 40.13% – – 17.06% 19.74%
Datafolha 26–27 Oct 3,008 44% 40% – – 16% 4%
Ibope 25–27 Oct 2,002 45% 38% – – 17% 7%
Datafolha 24–25 Oct 1,481 47% 37% – – 17% 10%
Ibope 20–23 Oct 1,512 48% 38% – – 14% 10%
Datafolha 17–18 Oct 1,484 50% 33% – – 17% 17%
Ibope 15–17 Oct 1,512 51% 34% – – 14% 17%
2014 election 26 Oct – – – 55.78% 44.22% 17.5% 11.56%

Senator

Pollster/client(s) Date(s)
conducted 		Sample
size 		Maia
DEM 		Farias
PT 		Bolsonaro
PSL 		Alencar
PSOL 		Teixeira
REDE 		Pereira
PSC 		Oliveira
PSD 		Lopes
PRB 		Crivella
PRB 		Picciani
PMDB 		Others Abst.
Undec.
(1st seat) 		Abst.
Undec.
(2nd seat) 		Lead
2018 election 7 Oct – 16.67% 10.17% 31.36% 9.17% 3.09% 2.58% 17.06% 3.64% – – 6.27% 26.29% 14.30%
Datafolha 3–4 Oct 1,542 29% 20% 30% 15% 11% 7% 11% 3% – – 18% 21% 34% 1%
Ibope 30 Sep–2 Oct 2,002 27% 22% 26% 11% 10% 7% 9% 4% – – 22% 16% 25% 1%
Datafolha 26–28 Sep 1,414 26% 22% 25% 14% 11% 6% 9% 4% – – 18% 24% 40% 1%
Ibope 22–24 Sep 1,512 27% 19% 22% 11% 10% 8% 7% 3% – – 20% 18% 26% 5%
Datafolha 18–19 Sep 1,358 24% 21% 26% 12% 11% 7% 8% 4% – – 19% 46% 26% 2%
Ibope 7–9 Sep 1,204 22% 15% 19% 11% 9% 7% 4% – – – 18% 27% 37% 3%
Paraná Pesquisas 25–30 Aug 1,860 15.7% 14.1% 19.7% 11.3% 8.5% 6.3% 6.5% 4.1% – – 11.4% 34.2% 4%
RealTime Big Data 10–12 Aug 2,000 15% 10% 24% 14% 5% 2% 4% 7% – – 5% 12% 9%
2010 election 3 Oct – 11.06% 28.65% – – – – – – 22.66% 20.73% 16.91% 23.18% 5.99%

Senate elections

Confirmed candidates

Party Candidate Most relevant political office or occupation Party Candidates for Alternate Senators Coalition Electoral number

Brazilian Republican Party (PRB)

Eduardo Lopes
Eduardo Lopes 		Senator for Rio de Janeiro
(2017–2019)

Brazilian Republican Party (PRB)

1st alternate senator:
Jane Crivella 		For the People to be Happy Again 100

Christian Labour Party (PTC)

2nd alternate senator:
Luiz Guedes Junior
Patriota

Patriota (PATRI)

Walter Cristie
Walter Cristie 		Theology, pastor and entrepreneur Progressive Republican Party (PRP) 1st alternate senator:
Carla Jordes 		511
2nd alternate senator:
Mauro Cunha
Democratic Labour Party

Democratic Labour Party (PDT)

José Bonifácio
José Bonifácio 		Democratic Labour Party

Democratic Labour Party (PDT)

1st alternate senator:
Maria José Lagte 		Renew to Change 123
2nd alternate senator:
Alice Alves
Workers' Party

Workers' Party (PT)

Lindbergh Farias
Lindbergh Farias 		Senator for Rio de Janeiro
(2011–2019) 		Workers' Party

Workers' Party (PT)

1st alternate senator:
Edinho Silva 		Popular Front 131
2nd alternate senator:
Anazir Oliveira
United Socialist Workers' Party

United Socialist Workers' Party (PSTU)

Samantha Guedes
Samantha Guedes 		Political militant United Socialist Workers' Party

United Socialist Workers' Party (PSTU)

1st alternate senator:
Juzerley Assunção 		— 160
2nd alternate senator:
Maria Elisa Guimarães
United Socialist Workers' Party

United Socialist Workers' Party (PSTU)

Cyro Garcia
Cyro Garcia 		Member of the Chamber of Deputies
(1992–1993) 		United Socialist Workers' Party

United Socialist Workers' Party (PSTU)

1st alternate senator:
Julia Eberhardt 		161
2nd alternate senator:
Sérgio Perdigão
Social Liberal Party

Social Liberal Party (PSL)

Flávio Bolsonaro
Flávio Bolsonaro 		Member of the Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro
(2003–2019) 		Social Liberal Party

Social Liberal Party (PSL)

1st alternate senator:
Paulo Marinho 		— 177
2nd alternate senator:
Leonardo Rodrigues
Sustainability Network

Sustainability Network (REDE)

Miro Teixeira
Miro Teixeira 		Member of the Chamber of Deputies
(1987–) 		Sustainability Network

Sustainability Network (REDE)

1st alternate senator:
Sônia Rabello 		The Strength that Comes from the People 188
2nd alternate senator:
Valéria Tatsch
Social Christian Party

Social Christian Party (PSC)

Everaldo Pereira
Everaldo Pereira 		PSC National President
(2015–2023) 		Social Christian Party

Social Christian Party (PSC)

1st alternate senator:
Donizete Pereira 		More Order, More Progress 200
2nd alternate senator:
Laercio de Almeida
Brazilian Communist Party

Brazilian Communist Party (PCB)


Founder of Classist Unity and member of PCB women's wing Brazilian Communist Party

Brazilian Communist Party (PCB)

1st alternate senator:
Valmiria Guida 		Change is Possible 211
2nd alternate senator:
Ricardo Pinheiro
Socialism and Liberty Party

Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL)

Chico Alencar
Chico Alencar 		Member of the Chamber of Deputies
(2003–2019) 		Socialism and Liberty Party

Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL)

1st alternate senator:
Vanderleia Aguiar 		500
2nd alternate senator:
Dodora Mota
Democrats

Democrats (DEM)

Cesar Maia
Cesar Maia 		Member of the Municipal Chamber of Rio de Janeiro
(2013–present) 		Democrats

Democrats (DEM)

1st alternate senator:
Sergio Zveiter 		Strength of Rio 255
Progressistas

Progressistas (PP)

2nd alternate senator:
Alice Tamborindeguy
Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) Aspásia Camargo
Aspásia Camargo 		Member of the Legislative Assembly of Rio de Janeiro
(2011–2015) 		Progressistas

Progressistas (PP)

1st alternate senator:
Marco Magalhães 		455
Brazilian Labour Party

Brazilian Labour Party (PTB)

2nd alternate senator:
Jorge Rodino
Brazilian Labour Renewal Party (PRTB) Mattos Nascimento Evangelical singer and songwriter Brazilian Labour Renewal Party (PRTB) 1st alternate senator:
Felipe Pereira 		— 281
2nd alternate senator:
Djamim Ferreira
Brazilian Woman's Party (PMB) Gabrielle Burcci Entrepreneur Brazilian Woman's Party (PMB) 1st alternate senator:
Sidclei Bernardo 		— 355
2nd alternate senator:
Silvio Mallet
Social Democratic Party

Social Democratic Party (PSD)

Arolde de Oliveira
Arolde de Oliveira 		Member of the Chamber of Deputies
(1984–2019) 		Social Democratic Party

Social Democratic Party (PSD)

1st alternate senator:
Carlos Portinho 		— 555
2nd alternate senator:
Renata Guerra

Candidacy denied

Party Candidate Most relevant political office or occupation Party Candidates for Alternate Senators Coalition Electoral number
Workers' Cause Party

Workers' Cause Party (PCO)

Fernando Fagundes University professor Workers' Cause Party

Workers' Cause Party (PCO)

1st alternate senator:
José Márcio Tavares 		— 290
2nd alternate senator:
Carlos Guida

Results

PSC candidate Wilson Witzel secured 39 percent of the vote in the October 7. His nearest rival, DEM candidate Eduardo Paes, secured 21% of the vote. Both advanced to a second round runoff which was held on October 28. In the runoff, Witzel won the election after securing 59.87% of the vote to Paes' 40.13%

Governor

CandidateRunning matePartyFirst roundSecond round
Votes%Votes%
Wilson WitzelCláudio CastroPSC3,154,77141.284,675,35559.87
Eduardo PaesComte Bittencourt (PPS)DEM1,494,83119.563,134,40040.13
Tarcísio MottaIvanete SilvaPSOL819,24810.72
Romário FariaMarcelo Delaroli (PR)PODE664,5118.70
Pedro FernandesGláucio Julianelli (PSB)PDT466,9546.11
Indio da CostaZaqueu TeixeiraPSD454,9285.95
Marcia TiburiLeonardo Giordano (PCdoB)PT447,3765.85
Marcelo TrindadeCarmen MiguelesNOVO86,8201.14
Anthony GarotinhoLeide Duarte (PRB)PRP84,187
André MonteiroJonas LicurgoPRTB35,3270.46
Dayse OliveiraPedro Villas-BôasPSTU17,4990.23
Luiz EugênioJoaquim Nogueira NetoPCO2,863
Total7,642,265100.007,809,755100.00
Valid votes7,642,26579.937,809,75582.94
Invalid votes1,379,45114.431,259,98313.38
Blank votes539,8655.65346,9703.68
Total votes9,561,581100.009,416,708100.00
Registered voters/turnout12,401,19977.1012,401,19975.93
PSC gain from PP
Popular vote (first round)
Witzel   41.28%
Paes   19.56%
Motta   10.72%
Romário   8.70%
Fernandes   6.11%
Indio   5.95%
Tiburi   5.85%
Others   1.83%
Popular vote (second round)
Witzel   59.87%
Paes   40.13%

Senator

CandidatePartyVotes%
Flávio BolsonaroPSL4,380,41831.36
Arolde de OliveiraPSD2,382,26517.06
Cesar MaiaDEM2,327,63416.67
Lindbergh Farias (incumbent)PT1,419,67610.17
Chico AlencarPSOL1,281,3739.17
Eduardo Lopes (incumbent)PRB507,8503.64
Miro TeixeiraREDE430,8933.09
Everaldo PereiraPSC360,6882.58
José BonifácioPDT313,2652.24
Aspásia CamargoPSDB248,8681.78
Mattos NascimentoPRTB173,9681.25
Marta BarçantePCB52,7340.38
Cyro GarciaPSTU45,5880.33
Gabrielle BurcciPMB27,0810.19
Walter CristiePATRI23,803
Samantha GuedesPSTU13,6800.10
Fernando FagundesPCO8,816
Total13,965,981100.00
Valid votes13,965,98173.58
Invalid votes3,326,40917.52
Blank votes1,689,1118.90
Total votes18,981,501100.00
Registered voters/turnout12,401,199153.06
PSL gain from PT
PSD gain from PRB
Popular vote
Bolsonaro   31.36%
Oliveira   17.06%
Maia   16.67%
Farias   10.17%
Alencar   9.17%
Lopes   3.64%
Teixeira   3.09%
Others   8.85%

Chamber of Deputies

PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Social Liberal Party1,712,54122.1812Increase12
Socialism and Liberty Party644,6418.354Increase1
Social Democratic Party524,6086.793Decrease3
Democrats520,0336.744Increase3
Brazilian Democratic Movement449,2515.823Decrease5
Brazilian Republican Party405,6655.252Steady
Brazilian Socialist Party284,0693.681Steady
Workers' Party275,2053.561Decrease4
Party of the Republic269,0893.492Decrease
Progressistas264,1883.422Decrease
Democratic Labour Party236,0203.062Increase1
Social Christian Party205,6942.661Increase1
New Party201,2812.611New
Progressive Republican Party170,1362.201Steady
Solidariedade161,5312.091Decrease1
Humanist Party of Solidarity139,1471.801Increase1
Brazilian Social Democracy Party135,1331.750Decrease1
Christian Democracy134,4861.741Steady
Avante130,8821.701Increase1
Brazilian Labour Renewal Party105,4901.370Steady
Popular Socialist Party94,2811.221Increase1
Communist Party of Brazil89,3961.161Steady
Sustainability Network82,4371.070New
Podemos75,2680.970Steady
Brazilian Woman's Party75,1130.970New
Brazilian Labour Party74,0380.960Decrease2
Patriota73,1110.950Steady
Republican Party of the Social Order72,5800.941Decrease1
Christian Labour Party56,2960.730Steady
Green Party21,6710.280Steady
Party of National Mobilization16,5480.210Steady
Free Fatherland Party14,4920.190Steady
Brazilian Communist Party4,6930.060Steady
United Socialist Workers' Party1,7560.020Steady
Total7,720,770100.0046–
Valid votes7,720,77081.49
Invalid votes1,120,22511.82
Blank votes633,4466.69
Total votes9,474,441100.00
Registered voters/turnout12,401,19976.40
Source: UOL

Legislative Assembly

PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Social Liberal Party1,204,80815.6213Increase11
Democrats546,4337.096Increase6
Brazilian Democratic Movement515,4696.685Decrease10
Socialism and Liberty Party489,1516.345Steady
Social Democratic Party361,4404.693Decrease5
Democratic Labour Party349,4994.533Steady
Workers' Party349,2024.533Decrease3
Brazilian Republican Party333,6684.333Increase1
Solidariedade301,5833.913Steady
Progressistas242,3743.142Decrease2
Brazilian Social Democracy Party230,8822.992Steady
Progressive Republican Party215,8942.802Increase2
Humanist Party of Solidarity211,2252.742Increase1
New Party208,5722.702New
Social Christian Party187,7752.442Increase
Brazilian Labour Renewal Party180,1982.341Steady
Avante173,0062.241Steady
Brazilian Socialist Party165,8722.151Steady
Christian Labour Party151,6571.971Steady
Patriota142,3001.851Increase1
Communist Party of Brazil140,3691.821Steady
Christian Democracy132,7881.722Increase1
Party of the Republic130,3821.691Decrease6
Brazilian Woman's Party130,3311.691New
Republican Party of the Social Order123,8191.611Increase
Popular Socialist Party112,5171.461Decrease1
Brazilian Labour Party109,6981.421Decrease1
Podemos106,5141.381Steady
Party of National Mobilization57,2520.740Steady
Green Party52,7700.680Steady
Sustainability Network27,2230.350New
Free Fatherland Party16,7340.220Steady
Brazilian Communist Party6,3820.080Steady
United Socialist Workers' Party3,4260.040Steady
Total7,711,213100.0070–
Valid votes7,711,21381.39
Invalid votes1,134,45611.97
Blank votes628,7726.64
Total votes9,474,441100.00
Registered voters/turnout12,401,19976.40
Source: UOL

References

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  15. "Os candidatos do Rio de Janeiro ao Senado em 2018 – Diário do Rio de Janeiro". diariodorio.com (in Brazilian Portuguese). 8 August 2018. Retrieved 2018-08-12.
  16. ^ "Google Translate".
  17. "Wilson Witzel, o ex-juiz que venceu a eleição de governador do Rio com discurso linha-dura". BBC News Brasil.
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