Misplaced Pages

2019 Vietnam Population and Housing census
← 2009 1 April 2019 2029 (projected) →
Cover of the published final report
General information
Country	Vietnam
Authority	General Statistics Office of Vietnam
Website	tongdieutradanso.vn
Results
Total population	96,208,984 ( 1.14%/year)
Most populous locality	Ho Chi Minh City (8,993,082)
Least populous locality	Bắc Kạn Province (313,905)

The 2019 Vietnamese census, officially the 2019 Viet Nam Population and Housing Census (Vietnamese: Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019, lit. 'Total investigation on the population and housing of the year 2019') was the fifth national census of Vietnam since the country's reunification, and the eighth census conducted by the General Statistics Office of Vietnam. Census work began on 1 April 2019, and the census response period ended on 25 April 2019. Involving 147,000 enumerators and almost 2 years of preparation, the 2019 census was the largest census up to that time in Vietnam, and was the first Vietnamese census to extensively use technology in all stages.

The census was conducted in all 63 of Vietnam's provinces and municipalities, along with three ministries: the Ministry of National Defence, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, with a total budget of about 1.1 trillion đồng. Besides collecting statistical information, the census aimed to inform the socio-economic development policies of the country and to monitor its sustainable development goals.

The preliminary results were released on 11 July 2019, while full results were published on 19 December. The census recorded a resident population of 96,208,984, an increase of 10.4 million people after 10 years; the growth rate was lower than the preceding decade and the sex ratio at birth was highly skewed towards boys.

Background

In 1961, faced with a population growth rate of 4% and a fertility rate of more than 6 children per woman, the government of Vietnam issued a directive on controlled childbearing, making Vietnam one of the first countries in the region to impose state-mandated family planning. By 1975, the population growth rate had dropped to 2.4% and the average number of children per woman had fallen to 5.25. The state continued to encourage couples to avoid pregnancies and have only 1 to 2 children, except for some special cases.

By the beginning of the twenty-first century, population growth in Vietnam had slowed dramatically: in 2002, the completed fertility rate was 2.8 children per woman, and the growth rate was only 1.3% per year. In 2003 the government relaxed its childbearing controls, allowing couples to decide how many children to have and when and resulting in a renewed rise in the fertility rate. In 2009, due to the increased fertility rate, the government changed its policy to recommend that each couple have 1–2 children. Between 2010 and 2019, the average annual population growth rate decreased to roughly 1%. In 2011, the country officially entered the "aging phase".

During the Vietnam War, the General Statistics Office conducted censuses in 1960 and 1974 in the North. Following the reunification in 1976, a population census was conducted in the southern provinces. The first national census was conducted in 1979. After that, Vietnam conducted a census every 10 years, in 1989, 1999, and 2009.

Purpose

The purpose of the census was to collect demographic information. The results were to be used for research, analysis and forecasting, in particular to help assess the implementation of the socio-economic development strategy, and monitor sustainable development goals. The results also provided an important basis for formulating and planning socio-economic development policies in the future. In addition, because the population data from the Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Public Security, and Ministry of Health were not detailed and accurate enough, the 2019 census also helped to update national population database and provided a basis for proposals to not conduct a census in 2029. The government also used the population data to adjust administrative boundaries.

Design and questions

The census was conducted in 63 provinces and municipalities along with three ministries: the Ministry of National Defence, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, with a total budget of about 1.1 trillion Vietnamese đồng. Technology was applied for the first time in all stages. The census offered two response options: direct (face-to-face interview) and indirect (online). In addition to the conventional pre-printed paper form, for the first time ever, the census was also conducted using electronic devices with computer-assisted personal interviewing and the Internet, thereby improving the quality of the data, streamlining data processing, and saving money.

There were two types of questionnaires. The standard set of questions for the whole population included 22 basic questions about population and housing. The second set of questions, which sampled 9% of the population, consisted of 65 questions to gather in-depth information on population, demographics and housing. The census covered all Vietnamese people residing in the territory of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam up to the time of the census and all Vietnamese people allowed to go abroad by the authorities, as well as recording all deaths from 16 February 2018 (the first day of the Lunar New Year) to 31 March 2019, and gathering housing information.

Along with the widespread use of information technology, other changes of the 2019 census included the use of two-stage stratified sampling (which ensured the representativeness of the indicators to the district level), the inclusion of sustainable development goals in the questionnaires, and an improved process of drawing commune and ward base maps and dividing enumeration areas.

Preparation

Preparations for the census began nearly 2 years in advance, when in early 2017 the General Statistics Office began researching software to use for electronic questionnaires. Later that year, the General Statistics Office collaborated with the United Nations Population Fund to organize a workshop.

Initial surveys using electronic questionnaires on mobile devices began in 2018, for that year's national population change survey. In September, census rehearsals had begun, and by November the Ministries of Public Security, Defense, Foreign Affairs and authorities at all levels had all established steering committees. In the last two months of 2018, surveyors were sent to record the number of people in households and introduced Internet response option. Residents preferring the Internet option provided phone numbers and received account name and password for authentication on 31 March 2019.

The 2019 census was the largest census up to that time in Vietnam, involving 147,000 enumerators.

Timeline

Census work began on 1 April 2019, and the census response period ended on 25 April 2019. It was conducted faster than any previous census in Vietnam, thanks to the use of technology.

In Ho Chi Minh City, all census work was done by mobile devices or via the Internet, by 12,000 enumerators in nearly 19,500 enumeration areas. Da Nang, with more than 1,300 enumerators, was one of the localities with the highest rate of online response. Hanoi had about 17,800 enumeration areas and mobilized more than 12,000 enumerators, while Haiphong mobilized more than 2,300 enumerators. The Ministry of Public Security led more than 4,000 enumerators, over 170 supervisors and conducted census in over 3,000 enumeration areas, with two different set of questions for officers and prisoners. By 13 April, 60.0% of all households had submitted their census questionnaire. By 25 April, the response rate was 99.95%. After this day, households who had not responded were able to contact the steering committee on 26, 27 and 28 April. The steering committees at all levels before 26 April had to send a quick report to the Central Steering Committee, who then submitted summary reports to the government.

Preliminary results of the census were released on 11 July 2019, and the release of the complete results were announced on 19 December.

Results

On census reference day, 1 April 2019, Vietnam had a population of 96,208,984 people, mostly concentrated in the Red River Delta and the Southeast region. After 10 years, the population had increased by 10.4 million people, with an average annual population growth rate of 1.14% per year, lower than the preceding decade. Those with disabilities accounted for 3.7% of the population aged 5 years and over. The most prevalent cause of deaths for one year before the census reference day (90.9%) was disease, followed by traffic accidents and work-related accidents. 88% of households used motorized personal vehicles. The population density was 290 people/km.

The male population was 47,881,061 people (49.8%) and the female population was 48,327,923 people (50.2%). The nationwide sex ratio for all ages was 0.991, though it varied by age group and region. The sex ratio at birth was significantly skewed, at 111.5 boys for every 100 girls, while the natural sex ratio at birth is around 104–106 boys per 100 girls. Average life expectancy was 73.6 years; the figure for males was 71.0 years while the figure for females was 76.3 years.

The urban population was 33,122,548 people, and the average annual urban growth rate was 2.64% per year. The Red River Delta and the Southeast were the two regions with the largest populations of immigrants. The total number of households was 26,870,079, an increase of 4.4 million households from 2009, or an average annual growth rate of 1.8% per year, which was lower than in the 1999–2009 period and the lowest in 40 years.

77.5% of the population aged 15 years and over had been married at least once. More than 9% of women aged 20 to 24 had their first marriage before the age of 18. The singulate mean age at marriage was 25.2 years old.

The total fertility rate was 2.09 children per woman, and the rate in rural areas was higher than in urban areas. The total fertility rate was highest in the Northern midlands and mountainous and Central Highlands regions, while the Southeast and Mekong River Delta area had the lowest. The higher the education level of women, the fewer number of children she was likely to bear. Early adolescent childbearing still existed, most prevalently in the Northern midlands and mountainous and Central Highlands region.

The percentage of out-of-school children dropped to 8.3%. Nearly 81% of the population aged 15 and over did not have technical qualifications, while 2.05% of the population aged 15 and over were unemployed. Because of economic restructuring, for the first time, the number of workers in the service sector was higher than those in agriculture, forestry and fishing industry.

The average household consisted of 3.6 people. 99.4% of households had access to electricity, 97.4% used hygienic water, and 88.9% used hygienic latrines.

Age demographics

There were significant changes in the population's age structure: the proportion of people of working age increased while the proportion of dependents decreased. 24% of the population was under 15 years old and 7.6% of the population was aged 65 or over, while the proportion of the working-age population was 68.4%. The results indicated that while Vietnam is still in a period of golden population structure, the rate of population ageing has increased rapidly over the last few years.

Ethnic demographics

The population of ethnically Vietnamese people was 82,085,826 people, accounting for 85.3% of the population. Of the remaining ethnic groups, 6 had over 1 million people, while 11 had a population of less than 5,000 people.

Religious demographics

Religion in Vietnam (2019)

The majority of the population of Vietnam (86.32%) identified as non-religious, while 13.2 million identified as religious. Catholicism was the most-practiced religion with 5.9 million adherents, followed by Buddhism with 4.6 million.

Problems and controversies

Some problems during the census process included weak cell phone signal reception in some highland areas, absence or non-cooperation by residents, and difficulty accessing certain areas. As many residents were shift-workers, census takers also often had to come at night. Errors sometimes occurred during data synchronization, and some enumerators made mistakes while doing their work.

The census found a very low number of households without dwellings: only 1,244 households comprising 4,108 people, with homelessness practically non-existent in the large cities of Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City. These figures engendered some public controversy. According to the definition of the General Statistics Office, "households without dwellings are those living in tents, camps, or sidewalks", meaning living under the stairs was considered having a dwelling. In addition, whether one had a dwelling or not also did not depend on the ownership of the house. This definition is different from the criteria of the Ministry of Construction. For comparison, according to the Department of Construction of Ho Chi Minh City, there were about 476,000 households either not having a house or currently living with relatives — 12,000 times higher than the figures of the Statistics Office. Meanwhile, some districts also disagreed with the figures by the Statistics Office. For example, the government of Cần Giờ District believed that, due to not fully understanding the employment characteristics and work environment of some residents, the Statistics Office miscalculated the number of households without dwellings in the district as these households already had dwellings in other localities.

In addition, the official estimate of the population of Ho Chi Minh City raised some doubt. According to the city's Statistics Office, the city had 8.9 million inhabitants, while many people believed that it must have been between 14 and 15 million. Some also compared it to the figure released by Ho Chi Minh City Public Security Department, which was nearly 13 million people. According to the criteria of the Statistics Office, only those often residing in the city, with or without hộ khẩu, for six months or more, those residing for less than six months but having a tendency to remain, newborn children, and temporary absentees were considered permanent residents. Visitors, commuters, police and military officers, and out-of-city students were not considered residents.

References

1. ^ "Thông cáo báo chí kết quả nghiên cứu chuyên sâu Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019" (Press release). General Statistics Office of Vietnam. December 18, 2020. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
2. ^ Thúy Hiền (December 4, 2018). "Tổng cục Thống kê: Quy mô tổng điều tra dân số năm 2019 rất lớn". VietnamPlus. Vietnam News Agency. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
3. ^ "Hôm nay (1/4), bắt đầu cuộc Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở trên phạm vi cả nước". VTV. April 1, 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
4. ^ "Ngày 1/4, Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở lớn nhất từ trước đến nay". VietNamNet. March 31, 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
5. ^ Vương Trần (March 31, 2019). "Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở lớn nhất từ trước đến nay". Lao Động. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
6. ^ Thiên Bình (December 19, 2019). "Tổng điều tra dân số: Việt Nam đang trong thời kỳ "cơ cấu dân số vàng"". Voice of Vietnam. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
7. ^ Vương Trần (1 April 2019). "Phó Thủ tướng lưu ý đặc biệt về Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở". Lao Động. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
8. ^ Viết Tuân (July 11, 2019). "Phó thủ tướng yêu cầu 'không để kết quả điều tra dân số nằm trong kho'". VnExpress. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
9. ^ "Thông cáo báo chí Kết quả sơ bộ Tổng điều tra Dân số và Nhà ở năm 2019" (Press release). General Statistics Office of Vietnam. July 11, 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
10. ^ Thu Hằng (March 13, 2019). "1.100 tỷ đồng tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở từ 1/4". VietNamNet. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
11. ^ Tất Định (April 1, 2019). "Gần 120.000 người tham gia tổng điều tra dân số toàn quốc". VnExpress. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
12. Hà Anh (April 20, 2019). "Thách thức từ già hóa dân số". Nhân Dân. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
13. "Dân số Việt Nam vượt mốc 96 triệu". VTV. July 11, 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
14. ^ "Sau 10 năm, dân số Việt Nam tăng thêm 10,4 triệu người". Dân trí. 19 December 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
15. Nguyệt Ánh (December 19, 2019). "Công bố kết quả tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở 2019". VTV. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
16. Viết Tuân (January 17, 2021). "'Việt Nam dư thừa nam giới từ 15 năm trước'". VnExpress. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
17. Quang Hải (December 17, 2010). "Vấn đề dân số: còn nhiều thách thức". Nhân Dân . Archived from the original on 2021-10-19. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
18. "Đưa những chủ trương của Đảng về chính sách dân số trở thành ý nguyện của mỗi người dân". Báo điện tử Đảng Cộng sản. December 26, 2011. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
19. Trần, Văn Chiến (June 11, 2020). "Cố Thủ tướng Võ Văn Kiệt - Tổng công trình sư về tổ chức bộ máy ngành Dân số". Báo Gia đình. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
20. "Pháp lệnh của Ủy ban Thường vụ Quốc hội số 06/2003/PL-UBTVQH11 ngày 09 tháng 01 năm 2003 về dân số". Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
21. ^ "Cho đẻ thoải mái hay vận động mỗi cặp vợ chồng chỉ có 1- 2 con?". Lao Động. October 9, 2017. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
22. "Việt Nam khống chế tốc độ gia tăng dân số quá nhanh". Công an nhân dân. July 11, 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
23. Trịnh, Thị Thu Hiền (September 11, 2019). "Xu thế già hóa dân số ở nước ta và vấn đề chăm sóc sức khỏe, sử dụng lao động người cao tuổi". Tạp chí Cộng sản. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
24. "Tổng điều tra Dân số nhà ở - Không đơn thuần là đếm số dân". Con số và Sự kiện. October 13, 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
25. ^ Hoàng Thùy (March 13, 2019). "Việt Nam chi hơn 1.000 tỷ đồng để tổng điều tra dân số". VnExpress. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
26. ^ Ngân Anh (April 2, 2019). "Bảo đảm bí mật thông tin cá nhân trong cuộc Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở". Nhân Dân. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
27. Đào Trang (April 7, 2019). "Mục đích của Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019 là gì?". Báo Pháp luật thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
28. "Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở: Chính xác, đầy đủ, nhanh gọn và tiết kiệm". Đại Đoàn Kết. November 19, 2018. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
29. ^ Hồng Vân (March 28, 2019). "Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở 2019: Cải tiến để tiết kiệm cho ngân sách ít nhất 100 tỷ đồng". Dân trí. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
30. ^ Thúy Hiền (March 15, 2019). "Sẵn sàng cho thực hiện tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019". VietNamPlus. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
31. Như Chính (July 27, 2019). "Dự kiến công bố kết quả Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở vào tháng 12". Báo Đầu tư. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
32. Phạm, Quang Vinh (June 13, 2019). "Những đổi mới quan trọng và một số vấn đề cần lưu ý trong Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019". Con số và Sự kiện. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
33. "Khẩn trương chuẩn bị Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở 2019". Báo Chính phủ. December 4, 2018. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
34. ^ "Thông cáo báo chí Kết quả Tổng điều tra Dân số và Nhà ở năm 2019" (Press release). General Statistics Office of Vietnam. December 19, 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
35. "Sẵn sàng cho cuộc tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019". Báo Đầu tư. March 15, 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
36. ^ Nguyễn, Hữu Hoàn (June 13, 2019). "Xử lý số liệu Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019 vài nét về công tác chuẩn bị và những điểm cần lưu ý". Con số và Sự kiện. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
37. "Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở lần thứ 5". Công an Nhân dân. September 8, 2017. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
38. Minh Hương (July 12, 2019). "Tận dụng lợi thế dân số "vàng"". Báo điện tử Đại biểu nhân dân. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
39. Lam Hồng (April 15, 2019). "TP Hồ Chí Minh: Có số đơn vị điều tra dân số lớn nhất cả nước". Đại Đoàn Kết. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
40. Nhân Sơn (April 3, 2019). "TP Hồ Chí Minh huy động trên 12.000 người tham gia điều tra dân số và nhà ở". Công an Nhân dân. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
41. ^ Diệp Như; Mai Quế (April 13, 2019). "Khắc phục khó khăn, bảo đảm tiến độ và chất lượng". Báo Đà Nẵng điện tử. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
42. "Bất cập trong thực hiện tổng điều tra dân số trực tuyến". VietNamPlus. April 11, 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-10-19. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
43. Thúy Hiền (April 1, 2019). "Chính thức ra quân tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019". Báo điện tử Đảng Cộng sản. Archived from the original on 2019-04-03. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
44. "Hải Phòng đồng loạt ra quân tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở năm 2019". Tổng điều tra dân số. April 1, 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-10-19. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
45. Lưu Hiệp (July 11, 2019). "Bộ Công an huy động 4.000 CBCS điều tra dân số năm 2019". Công an Nhân dân. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
46. "Tỷ lệ điều tra dân số và nhà ở trên địa bàn cả nước đạt hơn 60%". VTV. 13 April 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-10-19. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
47. Thúy Hiền (April 25, 2019). "Điều tra bổ sung tránh bỏ sót trong Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở 2019". Báo tin tức. Archived from the original on 2020-09-23. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
48. Hoàng Yến (April 1, 2019). "Bảo đảm chất lượng Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở". Báo Thanh tra - Thanh tra Chính phủ. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
49. Sơn Nga (July 11, 2019). "10 năm, quy mô dân số Việt Nam tăng thêm 10,4 triệu người". Hànộimới. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
50. Linh Thủy; Thanh Xuân; Trung Thành (July 11, 2019). "Việt Nam trở thành quốc gia đông thứ 3 Đông Nam Á". VTV. Archived from the original on 2019-07-12. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
51. Vũ, Dung (19 December 2019). "Cần sử dụng hiệu quả bộ dữ liệu của cuộc tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở". Quân đội Nhân dân. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
52. ^ General Statistics Office of Vietnam (2019). "Completed Results of the 2019 Viet Nam Population and Housing Census" (PDF). Statistical Publishing House (Vietnam). ISBN 978-604-75-1532-5.
53. Thanh Mai (January 10, 2021). "Hạn chế tình trạng chênh lệch giới tính khi sinh". Nhân Dân. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
54. Thu Hường (July 27, 2020). "Thực trạng hôn nhân tại Việt Nam nhìn từ kết quả Tổng điều tra dân số và Nhà ở năm 2019". Con số và sự kiện. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
55. Lê, Nga (11 July 2019). "Đồng Tháp, TP HCM mức sinh con thấp nhất cả nước". VnExpress. Archived from the original on 2020-09-25. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
56. Thanh Mai (January 19, 2020). "Nhiều chỉ báo quan trọng từ kết quả điều tra dân số, nhà ở". Nhân Dân. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
57. Kiều Linh (December 20, 2019). "Phó thủ tướng: "Tận dụng thời kỳ dân số vàng để vượt bẫy thu nhập trung bình"". VnEconomy. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
58. "Tổng điều tra dân số và nhà ở phát sinh lỗi đồng bộ dữ liệu". Báo Pháp luật thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. May 14, 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
59. "Hà Nội: Kết quả sơ bộ Tổng điều tra Dân số và Nhà ở năm 2019". Con số và Sự kiện. 3 September 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-07-19. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
60. Tân Việt (19 October 2019). "Đà Nẵng chỉ có năm hộ không có nhà ở". Báo Pháp luật thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Archived from the original on 2020-10-25. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
61. "Dân số Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh đông nhất nước". Báo điện tử Đảng Cộng sản. 11 October 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
62. ^ "Sống gầm cầu thang vẫn được tính là có nhà ở?". Tuổi Trẻ. 14 October 2019. Archived from the original on 2021-03-05. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
63. ^ Vũ Nguyên (17 October 2019). "Phân vân thống kê số hộ dân chưa có nhà ở". Nhân Dân. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
64. ^ Lê, Anh (28 October 2019). "Bất ngờ số liệu thống kê". Đại Đoàn Kết. Archived from the original on 2021-10-20. Retrieved 2021-10-20.

• 2019 censuses
• 2019 in Vietnam
• Censuses in Vietnam