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2020–21 Singapore circuit breaker measures
Part of the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore
(clockwise from top) Marina Bay Sands and ArtScience Museum lit up with messages of hope Controlled entry into Compass One Tables and seats cordoned off with tape Empty shelves after panic buying at a FairPrice supermarket
Date	7 April 2020 (2020-04-07) – 1 June 2020 (2020-06-01) (1 month, 3 weeks, and 4 days) 16 May 2021 (2021-05-16) – 13 June 2021 (2021-06-13) (4 weeks) 22 July 2021 (2021-07-22) – 9 August 2021 (2021-08-09) (2 weeks and 4 days)
Location	Singapore
Caused by	COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore
Goals	Containment of the pandemic
Methods	Default remote work for non-essential workplaces Default Home-Based Learning (HBL) for all schools Closure and suspension of religious activities Restrictions on social gatherings/home visitors (during lockdown, only 2 person is allowed; otherwise 5 persons) Food establishments are prohibited from dining in, only allowed to offer takeaways, drive-thru and delivery services Masks were made compulsory from 14 April 2020 and relaxed on 29 March 2022 (outdoors) and 29 August 2022 (indoors), and the remainder on 13 February 2023 (public transport and some healthcare areas) Closure of some essential shops that were made non-essential from 21 April 2020 (some restrictions were lifted on 12 May 2020)
Status	All restrictions were lifted by 13 February 2023

The 2020–21 Singapore circuit breaker measures were a stay-at-home order and cordon sanitaire implemented as a preventive measure by the Government of Singapore in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the country on 7 April 2020.

The measures were brought into legal effect by the Minister for Health with the COVID-19 (Temporary Measures) (Control Order) Regulations 2020, published on 7 April 2020. Singapore had relatively few COVID-19 cases before the emergence of the Delta and Omicron variants from 8 May 2021 to 29 March 2022.

With its relative success in curbing the early spread of the virus in Singapore, the term "circuit breaker" and its measures was subsequently adopted by other countries, particularly in Canada and the United Kingdom.

Chronology

Singapore recorded its first COVID-19 case on 23 January 2020. With that, many Singaporeans have purchased and worn masks when not at home; practiced social distancing and on 7 February 2020, Singapore raised the Disease Outbreak Response System Condition (DORSCON) level from Yellow to Orange in response to additional local cases of uncertain origin.

Prelude (27 March)

On 24 March, the Multi-Ministry Task Force announced stricter measures to combat the spread of COVID-19, after a huge spike in cases originating from returning Singaporeans in the community. These measures include the closure of entertainment venues, tuition and enrichment centres and places of worship. Malls, retail establishments and tourist attractions were required to reduce their crowd density to stay open. Gatherings of more than 10 people outside work and school are prohibited.

Lockdown measures

On 3 April 2020, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong announced a nationwide partial lockdown, known as a circuit breaker, to contain the spread of COVID-19 in Singapore. These measures came after an increase of unlinked cases over the preceding month, as well as the risk of a huge cluster of infections. Most of the workplaces were converted to remote work as default during the lockdown and schools were transitioned to home-based learning thereafter. As dining-in is a high-risk activity; all food establishments were only allowed to offer take-away, drive-thru and delivery of food. Non-essential advertising at shopping centres are not allowed to be shown or advertised and only advertising from essential service offers and safe management measures such as mask wearing and social distancing are allowed. These measures only took effect from 7 April 2020 to 1 June 2020, 16 May 2021 to 13 June 2021 and 22 July 2021 to 9 August 2021.

On 14 April, then-Minister for National Development Lawrence Wong announced that the wearing of masks became compulsory when not at home with immediate effect, with fines and prosecution for offenders who refuse to do so.

Tightened measures (21 April)

After discovering that the unknown number of cases was greater than expected, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong announced on 21 April an extension of the circuit breaker to 1 June. Existing measures were also tightened until 4 May initially, including shrinking the list of essential services, such as closing all close-contact service providers such as hair salons, as well as restricting entry to certain hotspots like wet markets and some essential retail franchises going by the last digit of one's ID number. Popular markets used an odd/even date entry restriction; ID ending with odd numbers are only allowed entry on odd dates of the month and ID ending with even numbers are only allowed entry on even dates on the month. On 21 April, the Ministry of Education brought forward the 4-week school holidays for all MOE Kindergartens, primary, secondary and Pre-University students, which are usually held in June, to May. Institutes of Higher Learning extended their Home-based Learning. The Singapore franchise of McDonald's also shut all of its restaurants islandwide, as a response to a number of its employees being infected.

Relaxed measures (2 May)

Some restrictions were relaxed progressively in stages to prepare for the end of the circuit breaker on 1 June. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) shops and essential condo activities were allowed to reopen on 5 May, followed by businesses like home-based bakeries, some food shops, barbers (only basic haircuts), manufacturing of confectionery, and laundry shops on 12 May. Schools resumed face-to-face lessons for smaller groups in graduating cohorts and those requiring urgent assistance on 19 May.

On 8 May, the MOH announced that all TCM shops are allowed to sell retail products again from 12 May, after receiving feedback from seniors that travelling to the initially allowed 130 TCM medical halls was too far for them.

SafeEntry and TraceTogether

The Ministry of Health mandated the use of SafeEntry and TraceTogether, which is also called TraceTogether-only SafeEntry (TT-only SE) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Scanning in/out using the TraceTogether-only SafeEntry (TT-only SE) either through the TraceTogether app or token was made mandatory for all Singaporeans and at all places such as cinemas, restaurants, workplaces, schools and shopping malls for contact tracing purposes. These included the device called SafeEntry Gateway (Check in and check out) to enable users to scan in and out. In addition, TraceTogether also showed vaccination status and pre-event testing (PET) status whether the person test positive or negative for COVID-19. Tokens could be collected from the community centres and vending machines.

Post-circuit breaker (reopening)

Earlier in 2020, three planned phases of reopening were announced, which were part of a wider zero-COVID effort. These phases ended on 8 May 2021 because of the Delta variant.

• Phase 1 (a loosened form of Heightened Alert) started on 2 June 2020. This phase allowed for gatherings and home visits of up to 5 people, but no dining-in and unmasked activity is allowed.
• Phase 2 ran between 19 June 2020 (with dining-in and unmasked activity of up to 2 persons) and 17 July 2020 (with dining-in and unmasked activity of up to 5 persons).
• Phase 3 officially started on 28 December 2020 and ended on 8 May 2021.

Restrictions due to new Variants of Concern (Delta and Omicron) started on 8 May 2021 and ended on 29 March 2022, during which gatherings of more than five people were prohibited. Two separate lockdowns ran from 16 May 2021 to 13 June 2021 and 23 July to 9 August 2021, but in between 14 June 2021 and 23 July 2021, the government only allowed a reopening similar to Phase 1 of June 2020. The government then changed the reopening plan to only allow vaccinated persons to use certain services from August 2021.

In addition, it was announced on 14 December 2020 that the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was approved for use in Singapore, with the first batch slated for around end of December 2020. On 3 February 2021, the Moderna vaccine was approved for use in Singapore, with the first batch arriving around March 2021. Subsequent batches for both vaccines were planned to arrive throughout 2021. A successful mass vaccination campaign was launched that achieved very high vaccination rate.

Non-compliance

Through 2021, there were several high-profile instances of people, such as Phoon Chiu Yoke, refusing to abide by the circuit breaker regulations.

See also

• COVID-19 lockdowns
• COVID-19 lockdown in China
• COVID-19 lockdown in India
• COVID-19 lockdown in Italy
• COVID-19 community quarantines in the Philippines
• Enhanced community quarantine in Luzon
• Indonesia large-scale social restrictions
• Malaysian movement control order

References

1. "COVID-19 (Temporary Measures) (Control Order) Regulations 2020". Singapore Statutes Online. 7 April 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
2. "Updates on Local Situation, Border Measures for Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, Thailand and Precautionary Measures to Minimise Transmission from Tan Tock Seng Hospital Cluster". www.moh.gov.sg. 30 April 2021. Archived from the original on 5 May 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
3. Stewart, Heather; Marsh, Sarah (18 September 2020). "PM considers imposing Covid 'circuit break' across England". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 December 2021. The notion of a "circuit breaker" – or partial lockdown – was introduced in April in Singapore by the prime minister, Lee Hsien Loong. It saw schools and all but essential workplaces closed, as well as restrictions on restaurants and other public places.
4. "'Circuit breaker' measures needed to prevent Omicron from overwhelming ICUs, science table says". cbc.ca. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 16 December 2021. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
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13. "Mid-year Holidays Brought Forward as Schools Adjust Academic Calendar; Institutes of Higher Learning to Extend Home-based Learning". Base. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
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28. Jalelah Abu Baker (10 June 2021). "Up to 5 in a group allowed from Jun 14; dining-in to resume on Jun 21 in phased easing of COVID-19 curbs". CNA (Channel NewsAsia). Retrieved 10 June 2021.
29. Auto, Hermes (6 August 2021). "S'pore to allow dining in from Aug 10, group size cap eased to 5 for those fully vaccinated | The Straits Times". www.straitstimes.com. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
30. ^ "MOH | News Highlights". www.moh.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 14 December 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
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