2022 Manila local elections
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Turnout | 78.21% 9.1 pp |
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Mayoral election |
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A map showing the results of the Manila mayoral election by barangay |
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Vice mayoral election |
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A map showing the results of the Manila vice mayoral election by barangay |
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City Council election |
36 of 38 seats in the Manila City Council 20 seats needed for a majority |
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First party
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Second party
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Third party
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Party
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Asenso Manileño
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Independent
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PDP–Laban
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Alliance
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Honey-Yul
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UniTeam
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Last election
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16 seats, 38.89%
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2 seats, 3.83%
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1 seat, 4.48%
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Seats won
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34
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2
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0
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Seat change
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18
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1
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Popular vote
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2,950,976
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362,764
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424,515
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Percentage
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68.56%
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8.43%
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9.86%
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Local elections were held at Manila on May 9, 2022, as part of the Philippine general election. Held concurrently with the national elections, the electorate voted to elect a mayor, a vice mayor, thirty-six city council members and six district representatives to congress. Those elected took their respective offices on June 30, 2022, for a three-year-long term. 886,133 of 1,133,042 registered voters voted in this election.
Vice mayor Honey Lacuna and representative Yul Servo were elected to the mayoralty and vice mayoralty respectively, with Lacuna becoming the first woman to be elected to the office. The Asenso Manileño party became the only party represented in the city council after winning 34 seats in the legislature. The remaining two seats were won by independents Ninong Lacsamana of the 2nd district and Bobby Espiritu II of the 5th district.
Ernix Dionisio, Rolan Valeriano, Joel Chua, Edward Maceda, Irwin Tieng and Benny Abante were elected to be the representatives for the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth districts respectively.
Electoral system
Elections for mayor, vice mayor and for the six members of the House of Representatives are via first-past-the-post voting. For members of the city council, it is via multiple non-transferable vote, with the candidates with six highest votes winning.
Elections for mayor and vice mayor are done at an at-large basis. Elections for members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines and the Manila City Council are via the legislative districts of Manila.
There are an additional two ex officio seats in the city council, for the city federation presidents of the Liga ng mga Barangay (village councilors league) and the Sangguniang Kabataan (youth council league). These were originally elected in 2018, and whose terms were extended until 2023. Separate elections for these bodies will be in October 2023.
Background
Mayor Isko Moreno and Vice Mayor Honey Lacuna are the incumbents; both are members of Aksyon Demokratiko and the local party Asenso Manileño. Moreno was elected in 2019, defeating incumbent Mayor Joseph Estrada, while Lacuna was elected in 2016, succeeding Moreno.
Moreno chose not to seek reelection as the mayor of Manila and will instead run for president of the Philippines in 2022. Asenso Manileño nominated Lacuna and incumbent 3rd district representative Yul Servo Nieto for mayor and vice mayor, respectively.
Lacuna's notable challengers for mayor are former Philippine National Police DICTM deputy director Elmer Jamias (People's Reform Party), former 5th district representative Amado Bagatsing (KABAKA), and Christy Lim-Raymundo (Reporma), the daughter of former mayor Alfredo Lim, who died in 2020. Bagatsing is the son of another former mayor, Ramon Bagatsing. In 2019, Jamias lost the vice mayoralty race, while Lim-Raymundo lost the city council election. Alex Lopez (Partido Federal ng Pilipinas), the son of former mayor Mel Lopez, later joined the mayoralty race on November 10, 2021, as a substitute to Calvin Punzalan. Lopez also lost the 2019 elections in the congressional race at the 2nd district. Bagatsing also joined the mayoralty race during the substitution period; he previously ran for mayor in 2001 and in 2016 but lost.
Meanwhile, in the vice mayoralty race, Nieto notably faced actor Raymond Bagatsing of Kilusang Bagong Lipunan. Bagatsing is the nephew of mayoral candidate Amado Bagatsing, making him a grandson of former mayor Ramon Bagatsing. Raymond Bagatsing was later chosen as the running mate of Alex Lopez.
Previous potential candidates for mayor included former president and Manila Mayor Joseph Estrada and incumbent 1st district representative Manny Lopez. Estrada lost to Moreno in 2019 and said in July of the same year that he would run again for mayor. However, he did not file his Certificate of Candidacy in October 2021. Meanwhile, Lopez, another son of former Manila Mayor Mel Lopez and the current chair of the House Committee on Metro Manila Development, was chosen by the PDP–Laban–Cusi wing as its mayoral candidate but chose to seek reelection for representative instead, with his brother Alex taking his place in the mayoralty race.
Candidates
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Partido Federal ng Pilipinas
Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma
People's Reform Party
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Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran
Liberal Party
Team ATM: Atin ang Tondo Movement (Liberal Party)
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# |
Name |
Party
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For Representative (1st District)
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1. |
Benjamin "Atong" Asilo
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Liberal
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For Councilor (1st District)
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2. |
Victor "Toto" Baldisimo
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Liberal
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19. |
Alexander "Mokong" Tan
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Liberal
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Partido Maharlika
Partido Maharlika
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# |
Name |
Party
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For Councilor (5th District)
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20. |
Strausser "Bistek" Tugnao
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|
PM
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PROMDI
PROMDI
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# |
Name |
Party
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For Councilor (1st District)
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14. |
Peter Ong
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PROMDI
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For Councilor (4th District)
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20. |
Emil Bryan "BT" Toledo
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PROMDI
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United Nationalist Alliance
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Independents
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Opinion polling
Mayor
Fieldwork Date(s)
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Pollster
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Sample Size
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MoE
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Abad Ind.
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Lim Reporma
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Bagatsing KABAKA
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Jamias PRP
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Lacuna Asenso
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Lopez PFP
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Undecided/ Other
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Apr. 25–28
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PUBLiCUS Asia Inc.
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1,625
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±3.00%
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6%
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7%
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15%
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1%
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25%
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12%
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26%
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Apr. 8–13
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PUBLiCUS Asia Inc.
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—
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—
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7%
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6%
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4%
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9%
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26%
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13%
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35%
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March 25
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Start of Campaign Period for Local Candidates
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Mar. 15–22
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RPMDinc
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—
|
—
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—
|
—
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25%
|
—
|
53%
|
20%
|
2%
|
Feb. 22–28
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RPMDinc
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
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26%
|
—
|
56%
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15%
|
3%
|
Feb. 18–24
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PUBLiCUS Asia Inc.
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—
|
—
|
—
|
4%
|
8%
|
3%
|
44%
|
10%
|
31%
|
Jan. 22–30
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RPMDinc
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
30%
|
—
|
57%
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11%
|
2%
|
Dec. 16–23
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RPMDinc
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
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28%
|
—
|
53%
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12%
|
7%
|
Nov. 16–24
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RPMDinc
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—
|
—
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—
|
—
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31%
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—
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48%
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14%
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7%
|
Vice Mayor
Fieldwork Date(s)
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Pollster
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Sample Size
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MoE
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Bagatsing KBL
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Lapinig Reporma
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Nieto Asenso
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Reyes Ind.
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Undecided/ Other
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|
|
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Apr. 25–28
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PUBLiCUS Asia Inc.
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1,625
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±3.00%
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34%
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9%
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16%
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9%
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32%
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March 25
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Start of Campaign Period for Local Candidates
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Apr. 8–13
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PUBLiCUS Asia Inc.
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—
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—
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31%
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14%
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17%
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10%
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28%
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Results
Mayor
The incumbent mayor is Isko Moreno, who was elected in 2019 with 50.15% of the vote. Moreno is eligible for re-election but has opted to run for the presidency of the Philippines.
Asenso Manileño, Moreno's party slated vice mayor Honey Lacuna to defend the position.
Vice Mayor
The incumbent vice mayor is Honey Lacuna, who was re-elected in 2019 with 57.28% of the vote. Lacuna is eligible for re-election but has opted to run for mayor.
Asenso Manileño, Moreno's party slated 3rd District Representative Yul Servo to defend the position.
District representatives
Party or alliance | Votes | % | Seats |
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| Asenso Manileño | | Aksyon Demokratiko/Asenso Manileño | 240,559 | 29.38 | 3 |
| National Unity Party/Asenso Manileño | 165,577 | 20.22 | 2 |
| Nationalist People's Coalition/Asenso Manileño | 90,075 | 11.00 | 1 |
Total | 496,211 | 60.61 | 6 |
| Uniteam Alliance | | Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan | 106,021 | 12.95 | – |
| Nacionalista Party | 42,787 | 5.23 | – |
| People's Reform Party | 22,221 | 2.71 | – |
| Independent | 25,961 | 3.17 | – |
Total | 196,990 | 24.06 | – |
| National Unity Party | 80,045 | 9.78 | – |
| Liberal Party | 34,441 | 4.21 | – |
| People's Reform Party | 6,687 | 0.82 | – |
| Independent | 4,330 | 0.53 | 0 |
Total | 818,704 | 100.00 | 6 |
1st District
Manny Lopez is the incumbent. His opponents are Ernesto "Ernix" Dionisio Jr. and former Congressman Benjamin "Atong" Asilo.
2nd District
Rolan Valeriano is the incumbent. His opponent is former Congressman Carlo Lopez.
3rd District
Incumbent Yul Servo is not seeking reelection to run for Vice Mayor. His party's nominee is incumbent city majority floor leader and Councilor Joel Chua. His opponents are former Councilor and incumbent Barangay 299 Captain Ramon Morales and Clark Field Arroño III.
4th District
Edward Maceda is the incumbent. His opponents are former Congresswoman Trisha Bonoan-David and Christopher Gabriel, both happened to be his challengers in 2019.
5th District
Amanda Christina "Cristal" Bagatsing is the incumbent. Her opponent is Councilor Irwin Tieng.
6th District
Benny Abante is the incumbent. His opponents are Romualdo "Bal" Billanes and Antonio Sityar II.
City Council
Party or alliance | Votes | % | Seats |
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| Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 2,950,976 | 68.56 | 34 |
| UniTeam Manila | | Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan | 424,515 | 9.86 | 0 |
| Nacionalista Party | 83,943 | 1.95 | 0 |
| Partido Federal ng Pilipinas | 38,746 | 0.90 | 0 |
| Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan | 6,013 | 0.14 | 0 |
| Independent | 20,711 | 0.48 | 0 |
Total | 573,928 | 13.33 | 0 |
| Team Amado | | Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan | 106,395 | 2.47 | 0 |
| Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran | 35,909 | 0.83 | 0 |
Total | 142,304 | 3.31 | 0 |
| Liberal Party | 110,823 | 2.57 | 0 |
| Progressive Movement for the Devolution of Initiatives | 91,456 | 2.12 | 0 |
| Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan | 46,043 | 1.07 | 0 |
| United Nationalist Alliance | 9,389 | 0.22 | 0 |
| Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma | 8,671 | 0.20 | 0 |
| Partido Maharlika | 7,796 | 0.18 | 0 |
| Independent | 362,764 | 8.43 | 2 |
| Ex officio seats | | 2 |
Total | 4,304,150 | 100.00 | 38 |
1st District
Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
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| Jesus "Taga" Fajardo Jr. | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 116,225 | 11.44 |
| Erick Ian "Banzai" Nieva | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 115,362 | 11.35 |
| Niño Dela Cruz | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 107,597 | 10.59 |
| Moises "Bobby" Lim | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 101,466 | 9.98 |
| Irma Alfonso-Juson | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 101,222 | 9.96 |
| Martin "Marjun" Isidro Jr. | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 98,247 | 9.67 |
| Alexander "Mokong" Tan | Liberal Party | 93,580 | 9.21 |
| Peter Ong | PROMDI | 84,527 | 8.32 |
| Eugenio "Atty. Eugene" Santiago Jr. | PDP–Laban | 39,310 | 3.87 |
| Marcelino "Papa P" Pedrozo Jr. | PDP–Laban | 38,093 | 3.75 |
| Edgardo "Edgar" Solis | PDP–Laban | 26,207 | 2.58 |
| Joel Gungon | Independent | 21,108 | 2.08 |
| Brian "Bisaya" Mondejar | PDP–Laban | 17,245 | 1.70 |
| Victor "Toto" Baldisimo | Liberal Party | 17,243 | 1.70 |
| Ferdinand "Ferdie" Sandoval | United Nationalist Alliance | 9,389 | 0.92 |
| Sylvia Felisa Manansala | Independent | 8,444 | 0.83 |
| Michael De Leon | Independent | 7,778 | 0.77 |
| Mark Ian Halili | Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma | 6,355 | 0.63 |
| Gilbert Tello | Independent | 4,053 | 0.40 |
| Dominador "Dom" Estabillo Jr. | Independent | 2,900 | 0.29 |
Total | 1,016,351 | 100.00 |
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Total votes | 1,016,351 | – |
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2nd District
Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
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| Ruben "Dr. J" Buenaventura | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 77,305 | 13.44 |
| Numero "Uno" Lim | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 75,756 | 13.17 |
| Darwin "Awi" Sia | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 69,505 | 12.08 |
| Roma Paula "Roma" Robles | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 65,247 | 11.34 |
| Rodolfo "Ninong" Lacsamana | Independent | 64,732 | 11.25 |
| Macario "Macky" Lacson | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 60,290 | 10.48 |
| Edward Tan | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 59,318 | 10.31 |
| Ivy Varona | Nacionalista Party | 32,007 | 5.56 |
| Reynulfo "Dok" Sy | Nacionalista Party | 25,489 | 4.43 |
| Roneil Sanguyo | Nacionalista Party | 12,695 | 2.21 |
| Alfonso "Atty. Ponching" Orioste Jr. | Independent | 11,566 | 2.01 |
| Alexander "Alex" Javalla | Nacionalista Party | 9,106 | 1.58 |
| Rolando "Boyet" Evangelista | Nacionalista Party | 4,646 | 0.81 |
| Charles Michael "Mike" Rivera | Independent | 4,290 | 0.75 |
| Oscar "Daddybear" Baria III | Independent | 3,338 | 0.58 |
Total | 575,290 | 100.00 |
|
Total votes | 575,290 | – |
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3rd District
Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
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| Johanna Maureen "Apple" Nieto-Rodriguez | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 81,675 | 14.47 |
| Pamela "Fa" Fugoso | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 76,729 | 13.59 |
| Ernesto "Jong" Isip Jr. | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 75,038 | 13.29 |
| Timothy Oliver "Tol" Zarcal | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 67,020 | 11.87 |
| Terrence Alibarbar | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 65,117 | 11.53 |
| Arlene "Maile" Atienza | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 64,713 | 11.46 |
| Jose "Joey Uy" Jamisola | PDP–Laban | 39,180 | 6.94 |
| Johnny "Rollin' J" Dela Cruz | PDP–Laban | 18,781 | 3.33 |
| Nino Anthony Magno | Partido Federal ng Pilipinas | 15,666 | 2.77 |
| Ernesto "Caloy" Cruz Jr. | PDP–Laban | 14,940 | 2.65 |
| Nelson Ty | PDP–Laban | 9,053 | 1.60 |
| Aileen Rosales | PDP–Laban | 7,398 | 1.31 |
| Roderick Aurello | Independent | 6,841 | 1.21 |
| Roberto "Robert" Diaz | Independent | 5,391 | 0.95 |
| Bernie Manikan | Independent | 5,087 | 0.90 |
| Anthony De Guzman | Independent | 4,349 | 0.77 |
| Henryson Melon | Independent | 3,036 | 0.54 |
| Valentin "Kuya Jun" Landicho | Partido para sa Demokratikong Reporma | 2,316 | 0.41 |
| Norland Azon Gacutan | Independent | 2,286 | 0.40 |
Total | 564,616 | 100.00 |
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Total votes | 564,616 | – |
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4th District
Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
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| Louisito "Doc Louie" Chua | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 90,242 | 13.81 |
| Krystle Marie "Krys" Bacani | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 79,501 | 12.17 |
| Joel "JTV" Villanueva | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 73,937 | 11.32 |
| Don Juan "DJ" Bagatsing | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 67,717 | 10.36 |
| Science Reyes | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 66,592 | 10.19 |
| Louisa Marie "Lady" Quintos | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 65,477 | 10.02 |
| Don Jose Javier "Havy Habagat" Bagatsing | Independent | 42,874 | 6.56 |
| Christian Mark "Xtian" Floriendo | PDP–Laban | 34,229 | 5.24 |
| Bimbo Eduardo Quintos XVI | PDP–Laban | 32,966 | 5.05 |
| Adonis "Carlo" Dela Cruz | PDP–Laban | 17,601 | 2.69 |
| Jorge Andrew "Kanto Boy" Lopez | PDP–Laban | 16,177 | 2.48 |
| Raquel "Jing" Gabriel | PDP–Laban | 12,322 | 1.89 |
| Kevin Cosme | Independent | 9,912 | 1.52 |
| Emil Bryan "BT" Toledo | PROMDI | 6,929 | 1.06 |
| Edwin Cosme | Independent | 6,476 | 0.99 |
| Vicente "Vic" Alejaga | Independent | 6,128 | 0.94 |
| Benjamin "Benjie" Cosme | Independent | 5,915 | 0.91 |
| Jazel Panganiban | Independent | 5,267 | 0.81 |
| Aldwin Hamilton "Konsi Al" Tan | Independent | 4,610 | 0.71 |
| Rosemarie "Rosmar" Tan | PDP–Laban | 4,383 | 0.67 |
| John Matrimonio | Independent | 2,091 | 0.32 |
| Mary Ann "Inay" Victori | Independent | 1,981 | 0.30 |
Total | 653,327 | 100.00 |
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Total votes | 653,327 | – |
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5th District
Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
---|
| Laris Borromeo | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 99,812 | 11.76 |
| Ricardo "Boy" Isip Jr. | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 96,145 | 11.33 |
| Raymundo "Mon" Yupangco | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 95,027 | 11.19 |
| Charry Ortega | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 90,955 | 10.72 |
| Jaybee Hizon | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 87,792 | 10.34 |
| Roberto "Bobby" Espiritu II | Independent | 85,685 | 10.09 |
| Daniel Nikko Atienza | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 79,031 | 9.31 |
| Roderick Valbuena | Kabalikat ng Bayan sa Kaunlaran | 35,909 | 4.23 |
| Felix Tobillo Jr. | PDP–Laban | 29,135 | 3.43 |
| Jaime Co Jr. | PDP–Laban | 22,493 | 2.65 |
| Rubee Ruth Cagasca | Independent | 22,343 | 2.63 |
| Ariel Dakis | PDP–Laban | 22,019 | 2.59 |
| Nathaniel Rellon | PDP–Laban | 17,773 | 2.09 |
| Ronald "Ronnie" Canlas | PDP–Laban | 14,975 | 1.76 |
| Marilou "Malou" Ocsan | Partido Federal ng Pilipinas | 10,803 | 1.27 |
| Mahra Lorraine Tamondong | Partido Federal ng Pilipinas | 8,114 | 0.96 |
| Strausser "Bistek" Tugnao | Partido Maharlika | 7,796 | 0.92 |
| Gladina Villar | Pederalismo ng Dugong Dakilang Samahan | 6,013 | 0.71 |
| Ronaldo "DJ Ron" Cruz | Partido Federal ng Pilipinas | 4,163 | 0.49 |
| Anthony Solh Avila | Independent | 4,042 | 0.48 |
| Rufino Cantil Jr. | Independent | 3,236 | 0.38 |
| Wenifredo Limit | Independent | 2,999 | 0.35 |
| Injim Bacalso Bunayog | Independent | 2,594 | 0.31 |
Total | 848,854 | 100.00 |
|
Total votes | 848,854 | – |
---|
6th District
Candidate | Party | Votes | % |
---|
| Luis "Joey" Uy | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 85,309 | 13.21 |
| Carlos "Caloy" Castañeda | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 85,228 | 13.20 |
| Salvador "Philip" Lacuna | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 82,076 | 12.71 |
| Lou Veloso | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 77,856 | 12.06 |
| Benny Fog Abante III | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 75,271 | 11.66 |
| Elmer "Joel" Par | Asenso Manileño/Aksyon Demokratiko | 75,176 | 11.64 |
| Pablo Dario "Chikee" Ocampo | PDP–Laban | 38,985 | 6.04 |
| Fernando "Doc" Mercado | PDP–Laban | 38,833 | 6.01 |
| Cherry Veloira | PDP–Laban | 30,025 | 4.65 |
| Juan Rafael "Raffy Jimenez" Crespo | PDP–Laban | 20,597 | 3.19 |
| Fernando "Fernan" Vergel | PDP–Laban | 14,233 | 2.20 |
| Owen Morales | Independent | 8,323 | 1.29 |
| Ernesto Go Jr. | Independent | 5,646 | 0.87 |
| Melvin Miranda | Independent | 4,416 | 0.68 |
| Luisito Claudio | Independent | 3,738 | 0.58 |
Total | 645,712 | 100.00 |
|
Total votes | 645,712 | – |
---|
Aftermath
Alex Lopez filed an electoral protest against Honey Lacuna's mayoral victory, alleging “electoral frauds, irregularities, and anomalies” within the election. On October 6, 2022, the Commission on Elections dismissed the protest, citing the lack of evidence as well as the usage of baseless claims. Lacuna welcomed the decision.
References
- ^ Depasupil, William (September 4, 2021). "Incumbent Metro Manila mayors to win if elections held today – survey". The Manila Times. Retrieved September 8, 2021.
- Ranada, Pia (September 21, 2021). "Isko Moreno to run for president in 2022". Rappler. Manila, Philippines. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- ^ De Leon, Dwight (September 22, 2021). "Honey Lacuna seeks to succeed Isko Moreno as Manila mayor – sources". Rappler. Retrieved September 22, 2021.
- "Marcos gets support of son of late Manila Mayor Mel Lopez". Manila Bulletin. November 11, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021.
- "ATIENZA, LACUNA TO BE RE-ELECTED -- SWS SURVEY". Social Weather Stations. May 7, 2001. Retrieved June 26, 2022.
- "Raymond Bagatsing to run for vice mayor of Manila, faces off with Yul Servo". ABS-CBN News. October 8, 2021. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
- Clapano, Jose Rodel (July 21, 2019). "Erap Estrada to run again for Manila mayor". The Philippine Star. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
- Sarao, Zacarian (September 2, 2021). "PDP-Laban Cusi wing names Rep. Lopez as Manila mayoral candidate". Inquirer.net. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
- "Lopez umatras sa pagka-alkalde sa Maynila". Remate (in Tagalog). October 8, 2021. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
- ^ PUBLiCUS (May 3, 2022). "Local Election Preferences Report: April 25-28, 2022". PUBLiCUS Asia, Inc. Retrieved May 6, 2022.
- ^ PUBLiCUS (April 19, 2022). "NCR LOCAL ELECTION PREFERENCES REPORT: April 8-13, 2022 – PUBLiCUS Asia, Inc". Retrieved April 20, 2022.
- "RP- Mission... - RP- Mission and Development Foundation Inc". www.facebook.com. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
- Layson, Mer (March 15, 2022). "10 incumbent Metro Manila mayor muling mananalo - Survey". PhilStar.com (in Filipino). Retrieved March 15, 2022.
- PUBLiCUS (March 2, 2022). "Incumbents, dynasties dominate lopsided NCR mayoral races – PAHAYAG NCR Election Tracker Survey – PUBLiCUS Asia, Inc". Retrieved March 4, 2022.
- Punongbayan, Michael (February 14, 2022). "Metro mayors seeking reelection top survey". PhilStar.com. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
- "Re-electionists still dominate NCR survey". PhilStar.com. January 13, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
- Mateo, Janvic (December 8, 2021). "Reelectionists top choice in most NCR mayoralty races – survey". PhilStar.com. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
- Mendoza, John Eric (October 8, 2022). "Comelec junks poll protest against Manila Mayor Lacuna". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved October 18, 2022.
- UNTALAN, SHERYLIN (October 8, 2022). "Comelec junks electoral protest against Manila Mayor Lacuna". GMA News Online. Retrieved October 18, 2022.
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