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Attacks on US bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria during the Israel-Hamas war
Part of the Iran–Israel proxy conflict, the 2024 Syrian opposition offensive and the Eastern Syria insurgency in the Syrian Civil War
Top: The USS Dwight D. Eisenhower and the USS Gerald R. Ford carrier strike groups in November 2023 Bottom: Map of Iran-backed strikes (red) and American counterstrikes (blue) in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria
Date 17 October 2023 – 4 February 2024 (3 months, 2 weeks and 4 days) 22 April 2024 – present Location Iraq, Jordan, and Syria Status Iraqi militias halted attacks on US forces temporarily until April 2024 The US withdraws from Hemo Base in Northeastern Syria The SDF launched the Deir ez-Zor offensive in response to the ongoing attacks
Belligerents
Iran Ba'athist Syria (until 2024) Proxies Islamic Resistance in Iraq Syrian Hezbollah Liwa Fatemiyoun Popular Mobilization Forces	United States  United Kingdom Supported by:  Jordan Syrian Democratic Forces Al Tanf Garrison
Commanders and leaders
Aziz Nasirzadeh Mohammad-Reza Gharaei Ashtiani Esmail Qaani Ali Mahmoud Abbas Falih Al-Fayyadh Qais Khazali Akram al-Kaabi Mushtaq Talib al-Saidi † Abu Baqir al-Saadi †	Lloyd Austin Charles Q. Brown Jr. Mazloum Abdi Muhammad Farid al-Qasim Salem Turki al-Antri
Units involved
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps National Defence Forces Kata'ib Hezbollah Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba Ashab al-Kahf Harakat Ansar Allah al-Awfiya Al Thawriyyun group Lions of Okaidat	United States Army  United States Air Force Syrian Democratic Forces Revolutionary Commando Army
Casualties and losses
113 killed	Six killed, 145 wounded One MQ-9 Reaper drone shot down Seven killed, 18 wounded 1+ wounded
One Iraqi security forces serviceman wounded

Starting on 17 October 2023, and in response to United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war, Iran-backed militias initiated a coordinated series of more than 170 attacks on US military bases and assets in Syria, Iraq, and Jordan. These attacks resulted in injuries to dozens of US service members. In retaliation, the US has launched multiple counterattacks, resulting in the death of over 30 militants including a senior commander of the Nujaba Movement, Mushtaq Talib al-Saidi. In February 2024, following US airstrikes in Iraq and Syria, militia attacks against US forces were halted.

Attacks

Iraq

Al-Asad air base

On 17 October 2023, amid the Israel–Hamas war, Iraqi militants launched a drone strike on al-Asad Airbase, a United States base in northern Iraq. The airstrike was intercepted. The next day, a false alarm in the airbase caused the death of a civilian contractor from cardiac arrest. On 20 October, the US ordered all non-emergency staff to leave their embassy in Baghdad and consulate in Erbil.

On 20 November, eight US and coalition soldiers were injured from a ballistic missile attack, and there was minor infrastructural damage after the air base was attacked by a ballistic missile.

On 20 January 2024, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed responsibility for striking the base with dozens of missiles which injured several US military personnel and an Iraqi service member. At 6:30 p.m. Baghdad time, the IRI launched multiple ballistic missiles and other rockets at the Al-Asad Airbase. The United States military attempted to defend the base with Patriot missiles. More than 15 MIM-104 Patriot missiles were launched to defend the base.

On August 5, 2024, a missile attack targeted the Al-Asad airbase in western Iraq, resulting in injuries to at least five US servicemembers and two contractors. The attack involved the firing of two Katyusha rockets, which landed inside the base. One of the injured servicemembers sustained serious injuries. The incident is seen as a potential escalation in the ongoing tensions between Iran and the United States.

Al-Harir air base

On 8 November 2023, an armed drone targeted al-Harir air base hosting US forces in northern Iraq. On 25 December 2023, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed responsibility for a drone attack on the base which injured three US soldiers, one being critical.

Other attacks in Iraq

On 9 November, US forces were struck three separate times in 24 hours, including drone strikes in Al-Asad Airbase and Al-Harir Air Base, as well as an IED attack on a patrol near the Mosul Dam.

On 18 January 2024, the Islamic Resistance of Iraq shot down a US MQ-9 Reaper drone after it took off from Kuwait near Muqdadiyah, Diyala Governorate.

On 10 September, two rockets exploded in the vicinity of American personnel stationed in Camp Victory, near Baghdad International Airport. No casualties were reported. Jaafar al-Husseini, the spokesperson of Kata'ib Hezbollah, said that the attack aimed to disrupt Iranian president Masoud Pezeshkian's visit to Baghdad, which was scheduled the following day.

Syria

Al-Tanf garrison

On 18 October 2023, a drone strike by an Iranian proxy on the al-Tanf garrison resulted in over 20 injuries. On 1 November, a minor drone strike was reported at the al-Tanf garrison.

Al-Omar field

On 4 February 2024, a drone struck a training ground in Al-Omar field in Deir ez-Zor, eastern Syria, which houses US troops, according to the Syrian Democratic Forces. Though no casualties were reported among US forces, at least seven Kurdish fighters were killed and 18 injured. The Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed responsibility for the attack. The SDF condemned the attack, and said it had "every right to respond".

Other attacks in Syria

On 24 October 2023, the Islamic Resistance of Iraq claimed responsibility for multiple drone strikes on US bases in eastern Syria, notably al-Omar oil field in Deir ez-Zor Governorate and al-Shaddadi in the Al-Hasakah Governorate.

On 10 January 2024, the Islamic Resistance of Iraq claimed responsibility for an attack on Hemo base in north of Hasakah province. As a result of this attack, the US withdrew from the base, evacuating 350 US soldiers and relocating them to Tal Baidar base. Tal Baidar base was previously targeted by the Islamic Resistance in Iraq in November 2023.

On 21 April 2024, five rockets were fired from Zummar, Iraq towards the Kharab al-Jir base in Syria which houses US and coalition soldiers in the first major attack since early February. No US personnel were injured. The Syrian Observatory of Human Rights blamed the attack on the Islamic Resistance in Iraq. Iraqi authorities launched a search in Nineveh province, locating and burning the vehicle used in the attack.

On 9 August 2024, a kamikaze drone struck the US military base Rumalyn Landing Zone in eastern Syria, injuring eight US soldiers.

On 13 August 2024, six rockets targeting an US airbase in Deir ez-Zor Governorate fell near the facility. As a response to the strike, US-led coalition launched artillery strikes.

Jordan

Tower 22 outpost

On 28 January 2024, a one-way drone attack took place at a US outpost in Jordan, resulting in the deaths of three US soldiers and injuries to 47 others.

US response

On 27 October 2023, the United States military responded to the airstrikes by bombing weapons and ammunition storage facilities in Abu Kamal, Syria with F-16 fighter jets. They further stated that a total of 16 military airstrikes were conducted by Iran-backed groups; 12 in Iraq and four in Syria.

On 8 November, the US Department of Defense announced that they had carried out attacks against the IRGC and IRGC-linked targets in Deir ez-Zor. According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, 9 workers in the facilities were killed in the strikes.

On 12 November, the United States Department of Defense and Central command announced additional US airstrikes targeting IRGC affiliated groups in response to continued airstrikes against US forces in the region. The attacks targeted a safe house and training area used by militias in Mayadin and Abu Kamal and resulted in the killing of 8 militiamen.

On 21 November, a USAF AC-130 gunship retaliated against a Kata'ib Hezbollah vehicle near Abu Gharib, in response to the Islamic Resistance In Iraq's 20 November missile attack on US forces at Ain al Assad Airbase. According to US assessments, several Iran-backed fighters were killed in the strike. The following day, US fighters jets conducted airstrikes on Iraqi Kata'ib Hezbollah facilities, killing over eight fighters.

On 4 December, a US airstrike near Kirkuk killed five Iraqi militants as they attempted to fire explosive projectiles at US forces. They were identified as members of an Iran-backed militia. The Islamic Resistance in Iraq claimed that the five people killed were its members, and vowed retaliation against the US

On 26 December, the US conducted an airstrike on a PMU base in Hillah which killed one soldier and injured 20 others, with at least 12 being members of the Ministry of Interior.

On 4 January 2024, the United States carried out a drone strike on the headquarters of Harakat Al-Nujaba in Baghdad, with the specific target being Mushtaq Talib al-Saidi, a senior leader of Harakat al Nujaba held responsible for orchestrating attacks against US forces. The strike resulted in the death of four individuals, including al-Saidi, and left six others wounded. According to Iraqi militia sources and police reports, the attack involved two rockets fired from a drone, which struck a vehicle within the headquarters.

On 23 January 2024, the United States launched a series of airstrikes on three facilities used by Iran-backed militias in Iraq. The United States defence secretary, Lloyd Austin, announced the strikes in a statement the same day. The strikes targeted several militia groups with connections to Iran, including Kataib Hezbollah. The Iraqi government later accused the United States of escalating existing regional tensions. Lloyd Austin defended the attacks. Kataib Hezbollah announced the suspension of operations against the US on 30 January.

Kataib Hezbollah also distanced its activities from Iran claiming "our brothers in the axis – especially in the Islamic Republic – do not know how we work jihad".

February 2024 airstrikes

On 2 February, the US launched retaliatory airstrikes targeting Iran-backed militias in Iraq and Syria, in response to an attack that killed three US troops in Jordan. According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, at least 35 Iran-backed militiamen were killed in the strikes in Syria. Iraqi Popular Mobilization Forces announced that 16 of their fighters were killed in the airstrikes.

On 7 February, a US drone strike on a vehicle in the Mashtal neighborhood of Baghdad reportedly killed a commander of Kata'ib Hezbollah. Another source reported that the attack targeted a vehicle used by the Popular Mobilization Forces and killed three people. US officials did not make a comment about the attack. According to Reuters, other pro-Iranian groups were also hit in the attack. Following the airstrikes, militia attacks against US forces were halted.

July 2024 airstrikes

On 30 July, the US carried out an airstrike near Babylon, Iraq, killing four members of Iraq's Popular Mobilization Units and a Houthi drone specialist and injuring four others. Iraq condemned the strike saying the US-led military coalition committed a "heinous crime" by targeting security sites and said the attacks were a serious violation of the coalition's mission and mandate.

Iraqi government response

On 5 January 2024, Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani announced that the Iraqi government would begin a process towards the removal of the US-led international military coalition following the American drone strike on Baghdad which assassinated Mushtaq Talib al-Saidi. After the 23 January 2024 US attacks in Iraq, the US and Iraqi government agreed to begin talks on the future of the US military presence in Iraq, including discussions on the feasibility of a complete US military withdrawal from Iraq.

On March 22, Iraqi Foreign Minister Fuad Hussein met with Jake Sullivan, the National Security Advisor to the US President, during his trip to the United States. On 23 March, it was announced that Iraqi PM al-Sudani will visit the White House in Washington DC on 15 April to hold formal talks about reducing the presence of the US-led military coalition in Iraq.

In September 2024, the Iraqi government and the US reached an understanding on plans for the withdrawal of US-led coalition forces from Iraq. Reports stated that the agreement would see hundreds of troops leave by September 2025, with the remainder departing by the end of 2026.

Developments

On 30 January, Kata'ib Hezbollah announced the suspension of all its military operations against US forces in the region after the Tower 22 drone attack which killed 3 US soldiers and injured 47 others. They announced this decision was taken out of preventing "embarrassment" of the Iraqi government which has called for all resistance parties to de-escalate the situation.

On 1 April 2024, Abu Ali al-Askari, security chief of Kata'ib Hezbollah based in Iraq, said the organisation was prepared to arm "Islamic Resistance" in Jordan and is ready to provide "12,000 fighters with light and medium weapons, anti-armor launchers, tactical missiles, millions of rounds of ammunition, and tons of explosives" to "defend the Palestinians and avenge the honour of Muslims." On the same day, al-Tanf garrison in Syria was attacked by a one-way attack drone which was intercepted.

In response to the attacks, the SDF launched the Deir ez-Zor offensive in retaliation. The offensive killed 12 Syrians and 2 Iranian militiamen.

See also

• List of wars involving the United States
• United States support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war
• Red Sea crisis
• United States foreign policy in the Middle East

Notes

1. Syria:
   • Nine killed on 8 November
   • Eight killed on 12 November
   • Four killed on 29 November
   • Four killed on 7 December
   • Two killed on 23 January
   • Three killed on 25 January
   • 35 killed on 2 February
   Iraq:
   • Eight killed on 22 November
   • Five killed on 3 December
   • One killed on 26 December
   • Four killed on 4 January
   • Seven killed on 23 January
   • 16 killed on 2 February
   • 3 killed on 7 February
   • 4 killed on 30 July
2. Three servicemembers. One contractor who died from cardiac arrest during a false alarm. Two soldiers were declared dead (non-combat)
3. 83 wounded by 28 January, 47 others wounded on 28 January, 7 others wounded on 5 August, 8 others wounded on 9 August

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v t e Iraq–United States relations
Diplomatic posts	Embassy of Iraq, Washington, D.C. Embassy of the United States, Baghdad Ambassadors of the United States to Iraq Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs
Conflicts	Gulf War Nayirah testimony Geneva Peace Conference Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 1991 Amiriyah shelter bombing Operation Provide Comfort Operation Southern Watch Operation Vigilant Warrior Riegle Report Safwan Airfield standoff International sanctions against Iraq Iraqi no-fly zones conflict January 1993 airstrikes June 1993 cruise missile strikes Operation Vigilant Sentinel 1996 cruise missile strikes 1998 bombing of Iraq Operation Northern Watch February 2001 airstrike in Iraq
Incidents	1971 Iraq poison grain disaster USS Stark incident Iraqi Guantanamo Bay detainees Kidnapping of Jalal Sharafi George W. Bush shoe-throwing incident Muntadhar al-Zaidi Hobby Lobby smuggling scandal December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria 2022 Erbil missile attacks Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (2023–2024) 2024 Iranian missile strikes in Iraq and Syria
Iraq War	Timeline Prelude Rationale Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations Timeline Iraq and weapons of mass destruction Iraqi biological weapons program Iraqi chemical weapons program Failed Iraqi peace initiatives 2003 United States–British–Spanish Draft Resolution on Iraq United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441 Iraq War and the war on terror White House Iraq Group Opposition Iraq disarmament crisis Polo Step 2003 invasion of Iraq Timeline Preparations Legality Task Force Viking Occupation 2003–2006 phase of the Iraqi insurgency Iraqi civil war (2006–2008) Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011) Fallujah during the Iraq War Fallujah killings of April 2003 American occupation of Ramadi United States kill or capture strategy in Iraq Al Qa'qaa high explosives controversy Timeline Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse Abu Ghraib prison Killing of Nick Berg Mukaradeeb wedding party massacre Haditha massacre Ishaqi massacre July 12, 2007, Baghdad airstrike Nisour Square massacre Iraq War troop surge of 2007 U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement 2007–2011 withdrawal Coalition of the willing United States Forces – Iraq Multi-National Force – Iraq Committee for the Liberation of Iraq Committee for Peace and Security in the Gulf Vets For Freedom Anbar Salvation Council Sons of Iraq Strategic reset Supreme Iraqi Criminal Tribunal Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq A Responsible Plan to End the War in Iraq Saleh v. Bush
Military relations	Iran–Iraq War United States support for Iraq Operation Eager Glacier US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021) CIA activities in Iraq Iraqi National Congress
Legislation	Iraq Liberation Act Authorization for Use of Military Force of 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002 Executive Order 13769 reactions Trump travel ban Executive Order 13780
Related	Axis of evil Dual containment Miss Iraq in America Montana Management State Sponsors of Terrorism Iraqi Jewish Archive Future: Tense: The Coming World Order Overthrow
Category:Iraq–United States relations

v t e Iran–United States relations
Diplomatic posts	Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C. Ambassadors of Iran to the United States Embassy of the United States, Tehran Ambassadors of the United States to Iran Interests Section of Iran in the United States Consulate-General of the United States, Tabriz Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs Iran–United States Claims Tribunal Iranian Directorate Iran Syria Policy and Operations Group
Diplomacy	Persian Corridor Persian Gulf Command Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry 1953 Iranian coup d'état Abadan Crisis Timeline Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights Exercise Delawar Project Dark Gene Safari Club Island of Stability Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush Correspondence between Barack Obama and Ali Khamenei Phone conversation between Barack Obama and Hassan Rouhani Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action Negotiations Joint Plan of Action Framework Reactions Criticism Aftermath U.S. withdrawal
Conflicts	Iran–Iraq War United States support for Iraq Bridgeton incident Iran Air Flight 655 Iran Ajr Iran–Contra affair Operation Staunch Operation Eager Glacier Operation Earnest Will Operation Prime Chance Operation Nimble Archer Operation Praying Mantis Syrian civil war Yemeni Civil War Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran Abraham Accords February 2019 Warsaw Conference Iran–Israel proxy conflict Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition International Maritime Security Construct Assassination of Qasem Soleimani reactions Thirteen revenge scenarios Donald Trump's threat for the destruction of Iranian cultural sites Operation Martyr Soleimani 2020 Camp Taji attacks
Incidents after 1979	Assassination of Paul R. Shaffer and John H. Turner Iranian revolution Iran hostage crisis Timeline Guadeloupe Conference Operation Credible Sport Operation Eagle Claw Canadian Caper Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini 1980 October Surprise theory Negotiations Algiers Accords America can't do a damn thing against us Beirut barracks bombings Khobar Towers bombing Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal Disappearance of Robert Levinson United States kill or capture strategy in Iraq United States raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil Kidnapping of Jalal Sharafi 2008 Naval dispute Filipino Monkey Project Cassandra Detention of American hikers United States diplomatic cables leak 2011 alleged Iran assassination plot Strait of Hormuz dispute RQ-170 incident MV Maersk Tigris 2016 Naval incident Nuclear program of Iran Timeline P5+1 Operation Merlin Charming Kitten Stuxnet Kidnapping of Hossein Alikhani Arrest of Meng Wanzhou Deportation of Iranian students at US airports May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident 2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone 2019 K-1 Air Base attack December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad 2020 Iran explosions 2021 Erbil rocket attacks 2021 Natanz incident February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria Leaked Mohammad Javad Zarif audiotape June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria July 2021 Gulf of Oman incident August 2021 Gulf of Oman incident 2021 U.S.–Iran naval incident 2022 Erbil missile attacks 2023 Northeastern Syria clashes Seizure of Suez Rajan and St Nikolas Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (2023–present) 2024 Erbil attack Tower 22 drone attack Iranian interference in the 2024 United States elections
Legislation	United States sanctions against Iran Maximum pressure campaign Executive Order 12170 Executive Order 12172 Executive Order 13769 reactions Trump travel ban Executive Order 13780 Executive Order 13876 Iran and Libya Sanctions Act Iran Nonproliferation Act Iran, North Korea, Syria Nonproliferation Act Iran Freedom and Support Act Iran Sanctions Enhancement Act Kyl–Lieberman Amendment Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act Public Law 113-100 Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act Dames & Moore v. Regan United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran Oil Platforms case United States v. Banki Bank Markazi v. Peterson Certain Iranian Assets Rubin v. Islamic Republic of Iran Alleged violations of Treaty of Amity
Groups and individuals	Iran Action Group Iran–America Society Iranian Students Association in the United States National Iranian American Council Organization of Iranian American Communities United Against Nuclear Iran Farashgard Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Jundallah Kingdom Assembly of Iran National Council of Iran National Council of Resistance of Iran People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran Elliott Abrams Howard Baskerville William J. Fallon Brian Hook Joseph Macmanus Robert Malley Stephen D. Mull Erwin David Rabhan Jason Rezaian Scott Ritter Craig Wadsworth Michael R. White Roxana Saberi Saeed Abedini Saeid Aboutaleb Shahram Amiri Sirous Asgari Mahmoud Reza Banki Haleh Esfandiari Amir Mirza Hekmati Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil Shahrzad Mirgholikhan Mohammad Hosseini Esha Momeni Mohammad Mosaddegh Baquer Namazi Siamak Namazi Sahar Nowrouzzadeh Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran Noor Pahlavi Trita Parsi Maryam Rajavi Abdolreza Shahlaei Ali Shakeri Masoud Soleimani Morad Tahbaz Kian Tajbakhsh Karan Vafadari Xiyue Wang Nizar Zakka Iranian Guantanamo Bay detainees Abdul Majid Muhammed
Related	1998 FIFA World Cup match Academic relations between Iran and the United States American Islam Anti-American sentiment in Iran Axis of evil CIA activities in Iran Copyright relations Death to America Dual containment Great Satan International Conference on Hollywoodism Iran and state-sponsored terrorism Iranian frozen assets Opposition to military action against Iran State Sponsor of Terrorism United States involvement in regime change United States and state-sponsored terrorism 650 Fifth Avenue Alavi Foundation Alborz High School American Institute of Iranian Studies American School of Isfahan Community School, Tehran Damavand College Iran Bethel School Iranzamin School Saint Peter Church, Tehran Tehran American School "Bomb Iran" Overthrow Not for the Faint of Heart
Category

v t e Syria–United States relations
Diplomatic posts	Embassy of Syria, Washington, D.C. Ambassadors of Syria to the United States Ambassadors of the United States to Syria
Diplomacy	Syrian peace process
Incidents	Assassination of Imad Mughniyeh
Conflicts	Syrian civil war February 2021 airstrike June 2021 airstrike 2023 Northeastern Syria clashes Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (2023–present) Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition Iran–Israel proxy conflict Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
Legislation	Sanctions against Syria Iran, North Korea, Syria Nonproliferation Act Trump travel ban Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act
Related	CIA activities in Syria State Sponsors of Terrorism
Category:Syria–United States relations

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