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2024 Romanian parliamentary election

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All 134 seats in the Senate All 331 seats in the Chamber of Deputies 68 S and 166 D seats needed for a majority
Registered	19,503,273
Turnout	48.28% ( 16.33 pp)
First party Second party Third party   Leader Marcel Ciolacu George Simion Ilie Bolojan Party PSD AUR PNL Leader's seat D – Buzău D – Bucharest S – Bihor Last election 47 S / 110 D 14 S / 33 D 41 S / 93 D Seats after 36 S / 86 D 28 S / 63 D 22 S / 49 D Seat change 11 S / 24 D 14 S / 30 D 19 S / 44 D Popular vote 2,030,144 1,665,143 1,219,810 Percentage 21.96% 18.01% 13.20% Swing 6.94 pp 8.93 pp 11.99 pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Elena Lasconi Diana Șoșoacă Anamaria Gavrilă Party USR SOS RO POT Leader's seat Did not stand S – Bucharest D – Hunedoara Last election 25 S / 55 D New New Seats after 19 S / 40 D 12 S / 28 D 7 S / 24 D Seat change 6 S / 15 D New New Popular vote 1,146,357 679,967 596,745 Percentage 12.40% 7.36% 6.46% Swing 2.97 pp New New   Seventh party Eighth party   Leader Hunor Kelemen Varujan Pambuccian Party UDMR Minority parties Leader's seat D – Harghita D – Nationwide Last election 9 S / 21 D 0 S / 18 D Seats after 10 S / 22 D 0 S / 19 D Seat change 1 S / 1 D 0 S / 1 D Popular vote 585,397 129,282 Percentage 6.33% 1.40% Swing 0.59 pp 0.27 pp
Chamber of Deputies results Senate results
Prime Minister before election Marcel Ciolacu PSD Prime Minister after election TBD

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Parliamentary elections were held in Romania on 1 December 2024. No party won a majority in the election, which saw the incumbent National Coalition for Romania, led by the Social Democratic Party and the National Liberal Party (PNL), lose their majority in both chambers of parliament alongside significant gains by far-right parties such as the Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR), S.O.S. Romania, and the Party of Young People (POT).

Background

Cîțu Cabinet

Following the previous legislative elections held in December 2020, the Cîțu Cabinet was appointed, backed by a centre-right coalition of three Romanian political parliamentary parties: the conservative liberal National Liberal Party (PNL), the progressive liberal/neoliberal USR PLUS (which subsequently switched back to the old USR acronym in late 2021), and the Hungarian minority-oriented Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ).

In September 2021, a major rift within the coalition led to the onset of the 2021 Romanian political crisis. Prime Minister Cîțu, with the backing of President Klaus Iohannis, sacked Justice minister Stelian Ion. All the other USR ministers withdrew from the government by 7 September 2021, which left the Cîțu Cabinet in the minority. It subsequently fell in November 2021 in an unparalleled motion of no confidence (the highest number of votes against a government in the political history of post-1989 Romania).

National Coalition for Romania

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The political crisis ended with the formation of a grand coalition. As a result, the Ciucă Cabinet, backed by the National Coalition for Romania (CNR) comprising the PNL, PSD and the UDMR, was formed and remained in power until June 2023, when the latter of the three parties withdrew from the majority. On 15 June 2023, as part of the rotation government deal, the National Liberals made way for the Social Democratic-led Ciolacu Cabinet.

9 June elections

Foreshadowing the elections in December, the 2024 European Parliament and local elections took place on 9 June. The two governing parties formed an electoral alliance in the European Parliament election, as well as in some constituencies in the local elections. The results were seen as a victory for the CNR, although the PNL suffered many losses to their coalition partners in races where they ran separately. The newly formed United Right Alliance registered significant losses, with the People's Movement Party losing 88% of its mayors and the Save Romania Union losing key races in Brașov, as well as Bucharest, particularly Sectors 1 and 2, where the mayoral candidates who lost their seats claimed that electoral fraud took place. The USR's poor performance led to the resignation of Cătălin Drulă as party president and his replacement by Câmpulung mayor Elena Lasconi.

24 November presidential elections

The election is taking place amid political uncertainty caused by the results of the first round of the 2024 Romanian presidential election on 24 November, during which independent candidate Călin Georgescu and the USR's Elena Lasconi advanced to the runoff scheduled on 8 December at the expense of Prime Minister Marcel Ciolacu of the PSD and Nicolae Ciucă of the PNL. On 6 December, the Constitutional Court of Romania annulled the first round of the election, as it came out that Georgescu received around €1,000,000 in illegal funding. Alleged Russian state interference in the election was widely reported.

Timeline

Date of the election

Both parliamentary and presidential terms were scheduled to end in late 2024. After consulting the various parliamentary groups, the Ciolacu Government announced that the parliamentary elections would take place on 1 December, with the presidential elections taking place around the same time (first round on 24 November, second round on 8 December), making 2024 the first time for such an electoral concatenation in Romania since the 2004 general election.

The election date also coincides with Great Union Day, the Romanian national holiday.

Timetable

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Electoral system

Both the 331 members of the Chamber of Deputies as well as the 136 members of the Senate are elected in 43 multi-member constituencies based on Romania's 41 counties, the Municipality of Bucharest, as well as the Romanian diaspora using party-list proportional representation. Law no. 208/2015 outlines that each constituency is to be awarded one deputy every 73,000 people and one senator every 168,000 people in accordance with the population data collected on 1 January of the previous year by the National Institute of Statistics (INS). Constituencies cannot have less than 4 deputies and 2 senators.

Parties must pass a threshold of 5% of the national vote or at least 20% of the vote in four constituencies. Electoral alliances must pass a higher threshold, namely 8% for those with two member-parties, 9% for three and 10% for alliances of more. Further seats (currently 18) can be added in the Chamber of Deputies for ethnic minority groups that compete in the elections and pass a lower threshold (5% of the votes needed to win a seat in the lower chamber, calculated by dividing the number of votes of parties, alliances and independent candidates that passed the threshold by the amount of seats that they won).

Parties and alliances

Parliamentary composition

New political parties

In July 2021, the nationalist Romanian Village Party (RoSAT), led by Marian Vișu-Iliescu, was launched, claiming to represent the interests of peasants, ignored by the major parties.

On 19 September 2021, former PSD president Liviu Dragnea, along with former ally Codrin Ștefănescu, launched the Alliance for the Homeland (Romanian: Alianța pentru Patrie, ApP), a split-off from PSD and "an alternative" to it according to both.

On 3 October 2021, former PNL Prime Minister Ludovic Orban, who had just been defeated for the leadership of the PNL by Florin Cîțu at the 2021 PNL party congress, stated that he is willing "to create a new political construction which would be ready to continue PNL's legacy". In this regard, at that time it was thought that he could be following Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu, another former national liberal Prime Minister who subsequently left the PNL in order to establish his own political party, more specifically the Liberal Reformist Party (PLR), subsequently known as the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (ALDE) after its merger with the Conservative Party (PC), a now defunct political party which was eventually absorbed by the PNL during late March 2022.

In addition, before further concrete steps on behalf of Orban, various commentators stated that Orban's faction could part ways with the main PNL should he not be designated PM after Cîțu's dismissal by the Parliament (which also occurred in the meantime). Subsequently, after PNL started negotiations with the PSD, more and more MPs resigned from the PNL and joined Orban's faction in the Parliament. Orban's new party was officially registered in December 2021 and is called "Force of the Right" (or FD for short).

In November 2021, a new party called NOW (Romanian: ACUM) was formed. It has a progressive and green ideology.

Additionally, in November 2021 the S.O.S. Romania party was founded by Maricel Viziteu, Adeluța and Gabriel Gib. However, it became later known on the Romanian political scene in May 2022, after senator Diana Iovanovici Șoșoacă, elected on the Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR) list, joined the party, and eventually became its leader.

Former PSD president and Prime Minister Viorica Dăncilă has, in the meantime, became president of the Nation People Together (NOI) party.

After the March 2022 congress of the Alliance for the Union of Romanians, Dan Grăjdeanu, the president of the Orthodox Brotherhood NGO, announced that his NGO will end the collaboration with AUR and launch its own political party. On 17 April 2022, a party affiliated with the Brotherhood was created: the National Movement. It is led by Mihai Tîrnoveanu.

Former independent/technocratic Prime Minister and PLUS/USR PLUS/USR member (as well as former USR president) Dacian Cioloș officially quit the USR on 31 May 2022 to form a brand new party called REPER. Several MEPs (more specifically 4) who have been previously elected on the lists of the 2020 USR PLUS Alliance at the 2019 European Parliament election in Romania have sided with Dacian Cioloș for his newly established political project, but still remain affiliated with the Renew group in the European Parliament. REPER can thus be considered (and is, in actuality) a splinter of USR.

On 10 July 2022, ex-AUR deputy Mihai Lasca launched his own political party, called Patriots of the Romanian People. The party was labelled as Eurosceptic, Romanian nationalist and anti-LGBT.

The Green Party (PV) was also relaunched under the new name of the Green Party (The Greens) – (Romanian: Partidul Verde – Verzii)). The party is currently led by two co-presidents, more specifically Marius Lazăr and Lavinia Cosma (former USR member between 2016 and 2019). The party first appeared in the polls in the beginning of 2023.

In late September 2023, PNL vice-president and deputy Ben Oni Ardelean resigned from the party and announced that he is initiating a new political project. Consequently, he recently launched an allegedly conservative political party called Hope's Movement (Romanian: Mișcarea Speranței) for the disillusioned electorate in Romania.

Civil society activists announced at the end of November the launch of the Party for Nature, People and Animals (Romanian: Partidul pentru Natură, Oameni și Animale – NOA). The party is temporarily led by Lucian Rad, former county councilor in Brașov.

On September 2, 2024, a group of 10 MP joined a new party called DREPT Party. The party will be led by former independent MEP Vlad Gheorghe.

The progressive Health Education Nature Sustainability Party (SENS), was formed around independent ex-USR MEP Nicolae Ștefănuță, and achieved the necessary 100.000 signatures.

The centrist Romania in Action Party, formed by the supporters of the independent candidate for president Mircea Geoană, managed to collect over 160,000 signatures and will have candidates in all counties as well as in the diaspora.

New political alliances

In May 2022, the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party (PNȚCD) announced that it will prepare a new political alliance with the Alliance for the Homeland (ApP, formerly known under the acronym PAINE) for the forthcoming Romanian parliamentary elections scheduled to take place in late 2024. The two parties will allegedly form a so-called "sovereignist" block which will oppose the National Coalition for Romania (CNR). In late August 2022 however, Liviu Dragnea, strongly associated in the past with the party at an unofficial level, had decided to indefinitely distance himself from the ApP.

In June 2023, incumbent USR leader Cătălin Drulă stated that the Save Romania Union (USR) wants to form a right-wing pole able to win the 2024 elections. The alleged right-wing pole is envisaged to form around the USR and become the winner of all the elections scheduled in 2024 in Romania, according to the incumbent USR leader. In these regards, discussions have already been carried out between USR and the People's Movement Party (PMP). The right-wing alliance proposed by the USR is presented as an alternative to the current ruling CNR coalition formed by the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the National Liberal Party (PNL). The respective right-wing or centre-right alliance/electoral block might also include the Force of the Right (FD). It was later on reported in October 2023 by a USR member that the Force of the Right (FD) will be included in the respective alliance/electoral block at national level as well as the fact that he does not exclude punctual future collaborations on several political measures with the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ).

On 4 July 2023, the Socialist Romania Alliance (ARS), formed by the Romanian Socialist Party (PSR) and the Social Democratic Workers' Party (PSDM) was registered.

On 23 September 2023, various extra-parliamentary far-right, ultra-nationalist and traditionalist conservative groups announced the creation of the Nationalist Bloc, led by Bogdan Mihai Alecu.

On 14 November 2023, at an AUR press conference, Lidia Vadim Tudor (the daughter of the late Corneliu Vadim Tudor), former Minister for Business Environment Ilan Laufer (who is also the president of the National Identity Force), businessman Muhammad Murad, entrepreneur Sorin Constantinescu and Sorin Ilieșiu, as well as deputies Florică Calotă (who was elected on PNL list), Daniel Forea (elected on PSD list), Dumitru Viorel Focșa (elected on AUR, but later left) and senators Ovidiu Iosif Florean (elected on PNL list), Călin Gheorghe Matieș (elected on PSD list) and Vasilică Potecă (elected on PNL list) announced that they are joining AUR for the next election. Later, on 21 November, AUR announced, together with the Romanian Village Party, National Rebirth Alliance, Romanian Republican Party and National Peasants' Alliance the creation of a Sovereigntist Alliance to contest at the 2024 Romanian parliamentary election.

On 25 November 2023, several extra-parliamentary political parties announced the creation of the Romanian Sovereigntist Bloc, which includes: Right Republican Party, Romanian Nationhood Party, Coalition for the Nation, Reformist Party, Homeland Party, Christian Social Popular Union Party.

On 9 December 2023, leaders of Green Party (Verzii) and Ecologist Party of Romania (PER) announced a new political alliance on political scene for 2024 European Parliament elections, AER for Romania Alliance .

On 14 December 2023, Save Romania Union, Force of the Right and the People's Movement Party officially announced the creation of a right-wing electoral alliance to contest in the 2024 elections. On 18 December, the alliance was formally named as United Right Alliance.

On 14 March 2024, the Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party formed an alliance with the Strong Romania Party.

On 24 September 2024, Renewing Romania's European Project (REPER), the Democracy and Solidarity Party (DEMOS), the NOW Party (ACUM), and independents launched the Platform for Democracy, Prosperity, and Progress, a cross-spectrum alliance of pro-European and progressive parties. Volt Romania (VOLT) also joined this alliance.

Party-lists running

The following party-lists will be on the ballot in December: Note that not all the parties listed below have submitted lists of candidates in all the counties. Also, the independent candidates can run only in one county.

Opinion polls

Results

The incumbent National Coalition for Romania (PSD and PNL) lost their majority in both chambers in the election, with far-right parties (AUR, SOS RO, and POT) making substantial gains at their expense.

Senate

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Social Democratic Party	2,065,087	22.30	36	–11
	Alliance for the Union of Romanians	1,694,705	18.30	28	+14
	National Liberal Party	1,322,468	14.28	22	–19
	Save Romania Union	1,134,831	12.26	19	–6
	S.O.S. Romania	718,409	7.76	12	New
	Party of Young People	591,927	6.39	7	New
	Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania	590,783	6.38	10	+1
	Health Education Nature Sustainability Party	263,173	2.84	0	New
	Force of the Right	173,703	1.88	0	New
	United Social Democratic Party	164,659	1.78	0	New
	Renewing Romania's European Project	126,408	1.37	0	New
	Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party	114,500	1.24	0	New
	Romanian National Conservative Party	50,287	0.54	0	New
	Patriots of the Romanian People	48,436	0.52	0	0
	Independent Social Democratic Party	41,712	0.45	0	0
	Romanian Ecologist Party	38,561	0.42	0	0
	National Christian Alliance	31,094	0.34	0	0
	Romania in Action Party	30,252	0.33	0	New
	New Romania Party	17,203	0.19	0	0
	Socialist Romania Alliance	16,256	0.18	0	0
	Alternative for National Dignity	10,473	0.11	0	0
	National Action League Party	3,838	0.04	0	New
	Party of Faithful People	806	0.01	0	0
	Patria Party	493	0.01	0	0
	Geto-Dacian Union Party	480	0.01	0	0
	Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party	371	0.00	0	0
	Party of Justice	325	0.00	0	0
	Republican Party of Romania	314	0.00	0	0
	Green Party	290	0.00	0	0
	Phralipe Party of the Roma	287	0.00	0	0
	Independents	7,826	0.08	0	0
Total		9,259,957	100.00	134	0
Valid votes		9,259,957	98.41
Invalid/blank votes		149,557	1.59
Total votes		9,409,514	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		19,503,273	48.25
Source: Permanent Electoral Authority Seat counts

Chamber of Deputies

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Social Democratic Party	2,030,144	21.96	86	–24
	Alliance for the Union of Romanians	1,665,143	18.01	63	+30
	National Liberal Party	1,219,810	13.20	49	–44
	Save Romania Union	1,146,357	12.40	40	–15
	S.O.S. Romania	679,967	7.36	28	New
	Party of Young People	596,745	6.46	24	New
	Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania	585,397	6.33	22	+1
	Health Education Nature Sustainability Party	276,494	2.99	0	New
	Force of the Right	189,678	2.05	0	New
	United Social Democratic Party	177,137	1.92	0	New
	Renewing Romania's European Project	114,223	1.24	0	New
	Justice and Respect in Europe for All Party	107,474	1.16	0	New
	Romanian National Conservative Party	45,687	0.49	0	New
	Patriots of the Romanian People	40,960	0.44	0	0
	Romanian Ecologist Party	34,641	0.37	0	0
	Independent Social Democratic Party	33,372	0.36	0	0
	Romania in Action Party	28,504	0.31	0	New
	National Christian Alliance	25,789	0.28	0	0
	New Romania Party	14,107	0.15	0	0
	Party of the Roma "Pro Europa"	13,881	0.15	1	0
	Association of Macedonians of Romania	13,800	0.15	1	0
	Socialist Romania Alliance	12,849	0.14	0	0
	League of Albanians of Romania	9,177	0.10	1	0
	Union of the Ukrainians of Romania	8,750	0.09	1	0
	Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania	8,577	0.09	1	0
	Union of Serbs of Romania	7,962	0.09	1	0
	Alternative for National Dignity	7,747	0.08	0	0
	Hellenic Union of Romania	7,565	0.08	1	0
	Community of the Lipovan Russians in Romania	7,434	0.08	1	0
	Democratic Union of Slovaks and Czechs of Romania	7,420	0.08	1	0
	Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania	5,281	0.06	1	0
	Bulgarian Union of Banat–Romania	5,089	0.06	1	0
	Democratic Union of Turkic-Muslim Tatars of Romania	4,908	0.05	1	0
	Union of Armenians of Romania	4,747	0.05	1	0
	Cultural Union of Ruthenians of Romania	4,571	0.05	1	0
	Democratic Turkish Union of Romania	4,547	0.05	1	0
	Union of Croats of Romania	4,413	0.05	1	0
	Union of Poles of Romania "Dom Polski"	4,215	0.05	1	0
	Association of Italians of Romania	4,128	0.04	1	0
	National Action League Party	2,912	0.03	0	New
	Forum of Czechs in Romania	2,817	0.03	1	+1
	Party of Faithful People	1,143	0.01	0	0
	Geto-Dacian Union Party	435	0.00	0	0
	Patria Party	391	0.00	0	0
	Republican Party of Romania	279	0.00	0	0
	Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party	270	0.00	0	0
	Green Party	248	0.00	0	0
	United Pensioners' Party	229	0.00	0	0
	Party of Justice	184	0.00	0	0
	Independents	76,043	0.82	0	0
Total		9,243,641	100.00	331	–
Valid votes		9,243,641	98.17
Invalid/blank votes		171,877	1.83
Total votes		9,415,518	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		19,503,273	48.28
Source: Permanent Electoral Authority Seat counts

Aftermath

Leaders of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), the National Liberal Party (PNL), Save Romania Union (USR), the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR), and representatives of national minorities stated that they all have agreed on the need to form a pro-EU coalition with each other and are committed to Romania's European and Euro-Atlantic values. The agreement was finalised on 10 December.

This agreement was created in the case that the pro-Russian candidate for president, Călin Georgescu, is elected, and it was seen as an attempt to "crowd him out". The parties of the proposed coalition then endorsed the pro-EU candidate, Elena Lasconi, in the second round, who was supposed to face Georgescu on 8 December, though it has been postponed. This was also seen as an attempt to block the far-right from entering government, which includes AUR, S.O.S. Romania, and POT. Following the annulment of the presidential election by the Constitutional Court, the new government formed after the parliamentary election is expected to set new dates for a presidential vote.

On 10 December, a coalition government was proposed between the PSD, PNL, USR, and UDMR, alongside parties of national minorities. However, the PSD withdrew from coalition negotiations on 19 December, with Marcel Ciolacu stating that the PSD would vote for a right-wing government in Parliament.

Notes

1. 2 of the 136 seats in the Senate were unassigned, due to no candidates running in the election from POT in Giurgiu and Ialomita counties
2. Initially won 9 seats, but did not have any candidates for Giurgiu and Ialomita counties. The 2 seats were left vacant.
3. Standing for President in the presidential election
4. Pambuccian, a member of the Union of Armenians of Romania, has been the parliamentary leader of the national minorities' group since 1996.
5. National minorities have nationwide mandates and do not represent a specific county.
6. as per the 2020 results
7. Alliance of Liberal-Conservative Right Forces
8. Platform for Democracy, Prosperity, and Progress
9. Alliance of Liberal-Conservative Right Forces
10. Platform for Democracy, Prosperity, and Progress

References

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v t e Elections and referendums in Romania
Parliamentary elections	1864 1866 (Apr) 1866 (Nov) 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1883 1884 1888 (Jan) 1888 (Oct) 1891 1892 1895 1899 1901 1905 1907 1911 1912 1914 1918 1919 1920 1922 1926 1927 1928 1931 1932 1933 1937 1939 1946 1948 1952 1957 1961 1965 1969 1975 1980 1985 1990 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024
Presidential elections	1990 1992 1996 2000 2004 2009 2014 2019 2024–25
Local elections	1864 1866 1869 1870 1871 1874 1876 1879 1883 1884 1888 1890 1891 1895 1899 1901 1905 1907 1911 1912 1914 1926 1930 1936 1937 1938 1950 1953 1956 1958 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1975 1977 1980 1982 1985 1987 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 2028
European elections	2007 2009 2014 2019 2024 2029
Other elections	Bessarabia: 1917 Moldavia: 1832 1837 1842 1847 1857 (Jul) 1857 (Sep) 1858 1860 Transylvania: 1918 Wallachia: 1831 1836 1841 1842 1846 1857 1859 1860 1861
Referendums	1864 1866 1938 1941 (Mar) 1941 (Nov) 1986 1991 2003 2007 (May) 2007 (Nov) 2009 2012 2018 2019

• 2024 elections in Romania
• December 2024 events in Romania
• Parliamentary elections in Romania