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20th Guards Combined Arms Army (1960–present) 4th Guards Mechanized Army (1946–1960) 4th Guards Tank Army (1945–1946) 4th Tank Army (1942–1945)
Active	1942–present
Country	Soviet Union (1942–1991)  Russia (1991–present)
Branch	Red Army (1942–1945) Soviet Ground Forces (1945-1991)  Russian Ground Forces (1991–present)
Type	Armoured
Size	currently 2 motor rifle divisions, 2 artillery/missile brigades + several other auxiliary regiments
Part of	Moscow Military District (1992–2010) Western Military District (2010–2024) Moscow Military District (2024–present)
Garrison/HQ	Voronezh
Engagements	World War II Russo-Ukrainian War Battle of Lyman (September–October 2022) Battle of the Svatove-Kreminna line 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive
Battle honours	Guards
Commanders
Current commander	Major General Sukhrab Akhmedov
Notable commanders	Vasily Badanov Dmitry Lelyushenko

The 20th Guards Combined Arms Army (originally designated as the 4th Tank Army, 4th Guards Tank Army in 1945, 4th Guards Mechanised Army in 1946, and the 20th Guards Army in 1960 within the Soviet Ground Forces) is a field army. In 1991, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the army became part of the Russian Ground Forces. Military Unit Number в/ч 89425.

1st formation (4th Tank Army)

The army was first formed by Stavka order within Stalingrad Front on July 22, 1942, based on the remaining elements of the headquarters of the former 28th Army, which had been largely destroyed in recent fighting. Major General Vasily Kryuchenkin, commander of the former 28th Army, was given command of 4th Tank Army. The new formation incorporated the 22nd Tank Corps, under Major General Aleksandr Shamshin, and Major General Abram Khasin's 23rd Tank Corps, plus three rifle divisions transferred from the Far Eastern Front, two anti-tank regiments and two anti-aircraft regiments. 8th Separate Fighter Air Brigade provided support.

It was committed to battle without being fully formed, as German forces had broken through. The Army attempted to stop the German 6th Army, but was not successful and lost a large number of tanks. On 1 August 1942 official Soviet records show the Army as comprising the 22nd Tank Corps (133rd, 173rd, 176th, and 182nd Tank Brigades plus the 22nd Motor Rifle Brigade), the 18th and 205th Rifle Divisions, an independent brigade, and two artillery regiments. In August 1942 it fought on the southern approaches to Stalingrad, having conducted some successful counterattacks against units of the German 48th Panzer Corps.

4th Tank Army later came under command of General Konstantin Rokossovsky's Don Front. On 22 October Kryuchenkin was replaced by General Pavel Batov. The much diminished army was re-designated the 65th Army on 27 October, and served for the duration under Batov's command.

2nd formation (4th Guards Tank Army)

On 15 July 1943, after an abortive attempt to form the Army for a second time had been called off in February, it was reformed as 4th Guards Tank Army drawing on the headquarters of the previous 19th Cavalry Corps. Initially the new army consisted of 11th and 30th Ural Volunteer Tank Corps and 6th Guards Mechanised Corps.

Its first operation as 4th Tank Army, under Lt. General Tank Tr. Vasily Badanov, (July 1943 – March 1944) was at Orel, the counterattack (Operation Kutuzov) on the northern side of the Kursk bulge after the German defeat at the Battle of Kursk proper. John Erickson wrote that "at 1100 on 26 July, two of Badanov's corps (11th Tank and 6th Guards Mechanised) put in a ragged attack towards Bolkhov. For the next few hours, under the very gaze of Ivan Bagramyan and Badanov, both corps were heavily battered by the concealed German tanks and assault guns." It took part in the winter battles in Ukraine in 1944 (Proskurov-Chernovitsy), then the Lvov–Sandomierz Operation in the summer. Its commander was Lt. Gen. (later Col. Gen.) Dmitry Lelyushenko (March 1944 – May 1945). It then participated in the Lower Silesian, Upper Silesian, Berlin, and Prague operations. In the last days of the war, it achieved Guards status by an order of the NKO dated 17 March 1945 (Krasnaya Zvezda).

Cold War

It was initially part of the Central Group of Forces, but in 1947 was moved to eastern Germany. In the first days of the Soviet occupation of eastern Germany, it had its headquarters at Eberswalde and consisted of the 5th and 6th Guards Mechanised Corps and the 10th Guards Tank Corps.

From 1946 to 1957 the Army was named 4th Guards Mechanised Army. It was renamed 20th Guards Army in 1960, and served for many years as part of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany. It took part in the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968. In 1982 the 14th Guards Motor Rifle Division became the 32nd Guards Tank Division, and two motor rifle regiments became tank regiments. In 1985 the former 6th Guards Motor Rifle Division became the 90th Guards Tank Division. In the late 1980s it controlled the 25th Tank Division (HQ Vogelsang, disbanded 1989), 32nd Guards Tank Division (HQ Jüterbog, disbanded 1989), 90th Guards Tank Division (HQ Bernau, withdrawn to Chernorech'e in the Volga Military District, early 1990s), the 35th Motor Rifle Division (HQ Krampnitz, withdrawn to Chebarkul and disbanded, December 1991 – April 1992), the 6th Guards Separate Motor Rifle Brigade at Berlin-Karlshorst (withdrawn to Kursk) and many combat support and service support units, including the 387th Guards Artillery Brigade, 27th and 464th Rocket Brigades, a SAM brigade, an engineer-sapper brigade, and two helicopter regiments. After the fall of the Soviet Union 20th Guards Army was withdrawn to Voronezh in the Moscow Military District.

Post Cold War

In June 2006 elements of the Army took part in the "Shield of Union" joint Russian–Belarusian exercises. From 2009 to 2014 the 6th Separate Czestochowa Tank Brigade at Mulino was part of the army. In 2014 it transferred to the 1st Guards Tank Army. In mid-August 2016, Major General Yevgeny Nikiforov became the army commander. 68th Army Corps commander Major General Alexander Peryazev took command in February 2017 as Nikiforov transferred to the 58th Army.

Units subservient to 20th Army

• 3rd Motor Rifle Division (в/ч 54046) (Boguchar)
  • 752nd Motor Rifle Regiment (в/ч 34670)
  • 252nd Motor Rifle Regiment (в/ч 91711)
  • 237th Guards Tank Regiment (в/ч 91726)
  • 84th Reconnaissance Battalion (в/ч 22263)
  • 99th Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment (в/ч 91727)
  • 159th Separate Anti-Tank Battalion (в/ч 81989)
  • 1143rd Separate Anti-Aircraft Missile Battalion (в/ч 48422)
• 144th Guards Motor Rifle Division (в/ч 23060) (Yelnya)
  • 254th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment (в/ч 91704)
  • 488th Guards Motor Rifle Regiment (в/ч 12721)
  • 59th Guards Tank Regiment (в/ч 94018)
  • 148th Reconnaissance Battalion (в/ч 23872)
  • 856th Guards Self-Propelled Artillery Regiment (в/ч 23857)
  • 1259th Separate Anti-Tank Artillery Battalion
  • 673rd Separate Anti-Aircraft Missile Battalion (в/ч 53821)
• 236th Guards Artillery Brigade (в/ч 53195) (Kolomna)
• 448th Rocket Brigade (в/ч 35535) (Kursk)
• 53rd Guards Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade (в/ч 32406) (Kursk)
• 99th Weapons and Equipment Storage Base (Tver)
• 7015th Weapons and Equipment Storage Base (Mulino)
• 152nd Logistic Support Brigade (Liski)
• 9th Guards Command Brigade (Voronezh)
• Battalion of the 82nd Separate Warsaw Radio Engineering Special Purpose Brigade

Commanders

The following officers have commanded the army:

References and sources

Citations

1. "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, April 23, 2023".
2. "New AFU Victory May be in the Works: Russian Forces in Lyman Are "Effectively Surrounded"". 30 September 2022.
3. Bailey, Riley; Hird, Karolina; Wolkov, Nicole; Clark, Mason. "Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 14, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
4. "Russia tries to strengthen offensive operations in Bakhmut area – ISW". 17 May 2023.
5. David M. Glantz, To the Gates of Stalingrad, University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 2009. p 213
6. Combat Composition of the Soviet Army Archived 2014-05-02 at the Wayback Machine, 1 August 1942
7. John Erickson, Road to Berlin, 1982, p.115
8. 20 армия
9. Michael Holm, 14th Guards Motor Rifle Division, accessed 2015.
10. Holm, Michael. "35th Motorised Rifle Division". ww2.dk. Retrieved 2016-07-14.
11. Craig Crofoot, document on Group of Soviet Forces Germany accessible at microarmormayhem.com, including Conventional Forces in Europe data exchange material
12. "Войсковая часть 54096 (6 отбр) поселок Мулино". voinskayachast.net. 14 October 2015. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
13. "Россия негласно создала гвардейскую танковую армию" [Russia secretly created Guards Tank Army]. BBC (in Russian). 2 June 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
14. ^ Mukhin, Oleg (19 August 2016). "Генералы с Кавказа сменяются в Воронеже" [Generals from the Caucasus take over in Voronezh]. Kommersant (in Russian). Retrieved 2 October 2016.
15. Mukhin, Oleg (3 February 2017). "20-я армия нашла командующего на Сахалине" [20th Army Finds Commander on Sakhalin]. Kommersant (in Russian). Retrieved 24 July 2017.
16. "Две новые дивизии ЗВО и ЮВО полностью обустроят в мае 2017 года". РИА Новости (in Russian). 11 November 2016. Retrieved 2017-03-04.
17. ^ "RUSSIAN REGULAR GROUND FORCES ORDER OF BATTLE" (PDF). October 2023.
18. "На границе с Украиной завершается развертывание новых дивизий". Ведомости (in Russian). 2016-11-30. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
19. "236th Artillery Brigade awarded honorary designation Guards". 31 March 2023.
20. Romein, Daniel (2016-02-23). "MH17 - Potential Suspects and Witnesses from the 53rd Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade". bellingcat. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
21. "Putin awards honorary Guards title to anti-aircraft missile brigade that supplied the Buk that shot down Flight MH-17". The Insider (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-02-22.
22. Feskov et al 2013, p. 406.
23. ^ Chervakov, Andrey (11 November 2004). "Отличник штабной подготовки" [Excellent staff training]. Kommersant (in Russian). Retrieved 30 September 2017.
24. "RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE CAMPAIGN ASSESSMENT, JUNE 14, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. 2023-06-14. Retrieved 2023-06-15.

Bibliography

• Keith E. Bonn (ed.), Slaughterhouse: The Handbook of the Eastern Front, Aberjona Press, 2005, p. 334
• see also (Ru) http://polk69wunsdorf.narod.ru/simple11.html Archived 2007-12-17 at the Wayback Machine
• Feskov, V.I.; Golikov, V.I.; Kalashnikov, K.A.; Slugin, S.A. (2013). Вооруженные силы СССР после Второй Мировой войны: от Красной Армии к Советской [The Armed Forces of the USSR after World War II: From the Red Army to the Soviet: Part 1 Land Forces] (in Russian). Tomsk: Scientific and Technical Literature Publishing. ISBN 9785895035306.
• Glantz, David M. 'Companion to Colossus Reborn' Univ. Press of Kansas, 2005.

v t e Armies of the Soviet Army
Armies	1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th 31st 32nd 33rd 34th 35th 36th 37th 38th 39th 40th 41st 42nd 43rd 44th 45th 46th 47th 48th 49th 50th 51st 52nd 53rd 54th 55th 56th 57th 58th 59th 60th 61st 62nd 63rd 64th 65th 66th 67th 68th 69th 70th Separate Coastal Special Red Banner Far Eastern Red Banner Caucasus
Guards	1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 14th 18th 20th 22nd
Tank/Mechanized	1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th Special
Guards Tank/Mechanized	1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
Shock	1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
Cavalry	1st 2nd
Sapper	1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
Reserve Army	1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th Southern Front Black Sea Group

v t e Armies of the Russian Armed Forces
Ground	1 Tank 2 3 5 6 8 18 20 22 (disbanded) 25 29 35 36 41 49 51 58
Strategic Rocket	27 31 33
Air	4 6 11 14 37th Air Army - now Long Range Aviation 45 61st Air Army - now Military Transport Aviation
Air and Missile Defense	1
Space	15
Guards units marked in bold.

• Tank armies of the Soviet Union
• Military units and formations established in 1942
• Armies of the Russian Federation
• Guards Armies