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37519 Amphios /æmˈfaɪəs/ is a Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp, approximately 33 kilometers (21 miles) in diameter. It was discovered at the Palomar Observatory during the third Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey in 1977. The dark Jovian asteroid is a member of an unnamed asteroid family and has a long rotation period of 50.9 hours. It was named after Amphius from Greek mythology.

Discovery

Amphios was discovered on 16 October 1977, by Dutch astronomer couple Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, on photographic plates taken by Dutch–American astronomer Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in the Palomar Mountain Range, southeast of Los Angeles. The body's observation arc begins at Palomar just nine days prior to its official discovery observation.

Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey

The survey designation "T-3" stands for the third and last Palomar–Leiden Trojan survey, which was named after the fruitful collaboration of the Palomar and Leiden Observatory in the 1960s and 1970s. Gehrels used Palomar's Samuel Oschin telescope (also known as the 48-inch Schmidt Telescope), and shipped the photographic plates to Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden Observatory where astrometry was carried out. The trio are credited with the discovery of several thousand asteroids.

Naming

This minor planet was named from Greek mythology after Amphius (Amphios), an ally of King Priam during the Trojan War. Amphius was killed by Ajax, who tried to take his beautiful armor but was prevented in doing so by a mountain of spears. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 18 March 2003 (M.P.C. 48161).

Orbit and classification

As all Jupiter trojan, Amphios is in a 1:1 orbital resonance with Jupiter. It is located in the trailering Trojan camp at the Gas Giant's L₅ Lagrangian point, 60° behind its orbit (see Trojans in astronomy). It orbits the Sun at a distance of 5.2–5.2 AU once every 11 years and 11 months (4,338 days; semi-major axis of 5.21 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.01 and an inclination of 25° with respect to the ecliptic.

Jovian family member

Amphios is member of a small unnamed asteroid family (010), consisting of 13 known members with an undefined spectral type. The family's unnamed principal body is the Jovian asteroid (247341) 2001 UV209. The family is one of two Jovian asteroid families in the Trojan camp – the other being the Hippasos family – first described by Jakub Rozehnal and Miroslav Brož in 2014.

In a different application of the hierarchical clustering method by Andrea Milani and Zoran Knežević, Amphios is still considered to be an asteroid of the Jovian background population.

Physical characteristics

Amphios is an assumed C-type asteroid, while most larger Jupiter trojans are D-types.

Rotation period

In December 2014, a rotational lightcurve of Amphios was obtained over at total of 13 nights of photometric observations by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies in Landers, California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 50.93±0.03 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.30 magnitude (U=2+). While not being a slow rotator, Amphios has a significantly longer period than most larger Jupiter trojans (see table below).

Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Amphios measures 33.08 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of 0.077, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a carbonaceous asteroid of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 35.12 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.0.

Notes

1. ^ Lightcurve plots of (37519) Amphios from Dec 2014 by Robert Stephens at the Center for Solar System Studies (U81). Quality code is 2+ (lightcurve rating at CS3). Summary figures at the LCDB and CS3.

References

1. ^ "37519 Amphios (3040 T-3)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
2. 'Amphius' in Noah Webster (1884) A Practical Dictionary of the English Language
3. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 37519 Amphios (3040 T-3)" (2018-05-19 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
4. ^ "List of Jupiter Trojans". Minor Planet Center. 1 July 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
5. ^ "Asteroid 37519 Amphios". Small Bodies Data Ferret. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
6. ^ Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Bauer, J. M.; Masiero, J. R.; Nugent, C. R. (November 2012). "WISE/NEOWISE Observations of the Jovian Trojan Population: Taxonomy". The Astrophysical Journal. 759 (1): 10. arXiv:1209.1549. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759...49G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/49. S2CID 119101711. (online catalog)
7. ^ "LCDB Data for (37519) Amphios". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 4 July 2018.
8. ^ Stephens, Robert D.; Coley, Daniel R.; French, Linda M. (July 2015). "Dispatches from the Trojan Camp - Jovian Trojan L5 Asteroids Observed from CS3: 2014 October - 2015 January". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 42 (3): 216–224. Bibcode:2015MPBu...42R.216S. ISSN 1052-8091.
9. "Minor Planet Discoverers". Minor Planet Center. 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
10. "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
11. Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families". Asteroids IV. pp. 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. ISBN 9780816532131. S2CID 119280014.
12. Rozehnal, J.; Brož, M. (July 2014). "Long-term evolution of asteroid families among Jovian Trojans" (PDF). Asteroids: 452. Bibcode:2014acm..conf..452R. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
13. "Asteroid (37519) Amphios – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 4 July 2018.

External links

• Long-term evolution of asteroid families among Jovian Trojans, Jakub Rozehnal and Miroslav Brož (2014)
• Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info Archived 16 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine)
• Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
• Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
• Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (35001)-(40000) – Minor Planet Center
• 37519 Amphios at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
  • Ephemeris · Observation prediction · Orbital info · Proper elements · Observational info
• 37519 Amphios at the JPL Small-Body Database
  • Close approach · Discovery · Ephemeris · Orbit viewer · Orbit parameters · Physical parameters

• Minor planet object articles (numbered)
• Jupiter trojans (Trojan camp)
• Discoveries by Cornelis Johannes van Houten
• Discoveries by Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld
• Discoveries by Tom Gehrels
• Discoveries by the Palomar–Leiden Trojan-3 survey
• Named minor planets
• Astronomical objects discovered in 1977