American Association for Public Opinion Research

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The American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) is a professional organization of more than 2,000 public opinion and survey research professionals in the United States and from around the world, with members from academia, media, government, the non-profit sector and private industry. AAPOR publishes three academic journals: Public Opinion Quarterly, Survey Practice and the Journal of Survey Statistics and Methodology. It holds an annual research conference and maintains a "Code of Professional Ethics and Practices", for survey research which all members agree to follow. The association's founders include pioneering pollsters Archibald Crossley, George Gallup, and Elmo Roper.

AAPOR's stated principle is that public opinion research is essential to a healthy democracy, providing information crucial to informed policy-making and giving voice to people's beliefs, attitudes and desires. Through its annual conference, standards and ethics codes and publications, AAPOR seeks to promote a better public understanding of the role of public opinion research in a democracy, as well as the sound and ethical conduct and use of public opinion research.

AAPOR Presidents from 1947 to the present

1947–48 Clyde W. Hart
1948–49 Elmo C. Wilson
1949–50 Paul F. Lazarsfeld
1950–51 Julian L. Woodward
1951–52 Bernard Berelson
1952–53 Archibald Crossley
1953–54 Samuel A. Stouffer
1954–55 George H. Gallup
1955–56 Harry Alpert
1956–57 Gerhart D. Wiebe
1957–58 Frederick F. Stephan
1958–59 David Wallace
1959–60 Herbert H. Hyman
1960–61 Robert O. Carlson
1961–62 John W. Riley Jr.
1962–63 Joseph T. Klapper
1963–64 Charles Y. Glock
1964–65 Herbert E. Krugman
1965–66 Raymond A. Bauer
1966–67 Leo Bogart
1967–68 Paul B. Sheatsley
1968–69 Robert N. Ford
1969–70 Robert T. Bower
1970–71 Richard H. Baxter
1971–72 W. Phillips Davison
1972–73 Sidney Hollander
1973–74 Harold Mendelsohn
1974–75 Herbert I. Abelson
1975–76 Richard Maisel
1976–77 Irving Crespi
1977–78 Hope Lunin Klapper
1978–79 Reuben Cohen
1979–80 Jack Elinson
1980–81 Helen J. Kaufmann
1981–82 Seymour Sudman
1982–83 Burns W. Roper
1983–84 Laure M. Sharp
1984–85 Albert E. Gollin
1985–86 Howard Schuman
1986–87 J. Ronald Milavsky
1987–88 Eleanor Singer
1988–89 Warren J. Mitofsky
1989–90 Philip Meyer
1990–91 Joan S. Black
1991–92 Norman Bradburn
1992–93 Kathleen A. Frankovic
1993–94 Stanley Presser
1994–95 Andrew Kohut
1995–96 Robert M. Groves
1996–97 Diane Colasanto
1997–98 James R. Beniger
1998–99 Michael R. Kagay
1999–00 Michael W. Traugott
2000–01 Murray Edelman
2001–02 Don A. Dillman
2002–03 Mark A. Schulman
2003–04 Elizabeth (Betsy) Martin
2004–05 Nancy Belden
2005–06 Cliff Zukin
2006–07 Robert P. Daves
2007–08 Nancy A. Mathiowetz
2008–09 Richard A. Kulka
2009–10 Peter V. Miller
2010–11 Frank M. Newport
2011–12 Scott Keeter
2012–13 Paul J. Lavrakas
2013–14 Robert Santos
2014–15 Michael W. Link
2015-16 Mollyann Brodie
2016-17 Roger Tourangeau
2017-18 Tim Johnson
2018-19 David Dutwin
2019-20 Nora Cate Schaeffer
2020-21 Dan Merkle
2021-22 Patricia Moy

Standards and ethics

Promoting standards and ethics is central AAPOR's mission. The individuals who are members of AAPOR agree to observe the organization's Code of Professional Ethics and Practices that define and mandate the proper practice of public opinion and survey research with the appropriate use of research results. The Code is designed to express fundamental principles that apply to the conduct of research regardless of an individual's membership in AAPOR. Adherence to the principles and actions set out in the Code is possible for of all public opinion and survey researchers, whether they are AAPOR members or not.

Under the Code, practitioners of survey research are expected to conduct their research with care, taking all reasonable steps to assure the reliability and validity of the results and communicate their methods and findings accurately with appropriate detail. The AAPOR code details the standards for dealing with research participants and identifiable information. And it indicates the need to provide clients with all information regarding possible research limitations and the need for disclosure.

The latest revision was approved in April 2021.

Transparency Initiative

In October 2014, AAPOR launched the Transparency Initiative (TI) to encourage research organizations to disclose their methodological procedures fully and rigorously when reporting survey-based findings. AAPOR established a set of principles for disclosure and then invited organizations to apply to join the TI effort and be recognized for their promise to comply with the guidelines. Joining the TI does not imply any judgment about the quality or rigor of the methods being disclosed. The purpose of TI is to promote understanding of the relationship between methodology and survey quality, increase adherence to AAPOR's Code of Professional Ethics and Practices and enable members of the media and the public to evaluate survey quality. As of 2023, there are 98 members.

Membership

As an organization, AAPOR primarily focuses on survey methodology and survey and public opinion research. AAPOR members work on everything from political polls, to government surveys, to academic experiments and studies. AAPOR members not only conduct survey research, but they also teach courses for universities, professional organizations, and/or within their place of employment.

Diversity Initiative

In 2016, AAPOR adopted a diversity initiative to help increase diversity within the organization as well as in the professional field. For example, affinity groups are supported. These are voluntary associations of AAPOR members around topics related to professional interests or personal affinities. In 2017, the cross-cultural and multilingual research affinity group became the first group formally recognized by AAPOR. In 2019, an article in AAPOR's e-journal Survey Practice provided examples of two women leaders' professional pathways and how AAPOR as a professional organization contributed to their development. In 2023, the W.E.B. Du Bois Fellowship in Support of Diversity and Inclusion was launched as a joint project with the Roper Center for Public Opinion Research at Cornell University with a focus on graduates students who identify as a member of a racial or ethnic minority group that has been underrepresented in the field of polling research.

AAPOR Awards

Each year, AAPOR presents a portfolio of awards to recognize distinguished work in the profession, as well as to further the education of students and early career researchers; these awards are the highest honors given by the AAPOR.

AAPOR Lifetime Achievement Awardees from the present to 1955

2015 Nancy Mathiowetz

2014 Jon A. Krosnick

2013 Floyd J. Fowler Jr.

2012 Daniel Yankelovich

2011 Stanley Presser

2010 Michael W. Traugott

2009 Elizabeth Martin

2008 Kathleen Frankovic

2007 Harry O'Neill

2006 Norman H. Nie

2005 Andrew Kohut

2004 Benjamin I. Page

2003 Don A. Dillman & Frank Stanton

2002 Tom W. Smith

2001 Robert Groves

2000 Philip Meyer

1999 Charles Cannell & Warren J. Mitofsky

1998 Albert E. Gollin

1997 Irving Crespi

1996 Eleanor Singer

1995 Herbert I. Abelson

1994 Howard Schuman

1993 Jack Elinson

1992 James Davis

1991 Joe Belden

1990 Herbert E. Krugman

1989 Gladys Engel Lang & Kurt Lang

1988 Burns W. Roper

1987 Norman Bradburn & Seymour Sudman

1986 Philip Converse

1985 Daniel Katz

1984 Ithiel de Sola Pool

1983 Paul K. Perry

1982 Paul B. Sheatsley, Matilda White Riley,

John R. Riley Jr. & Wilbur Schramm

1981 Lester R. Frankel

1980 Shirley A. Star

1979 Mervin D. Field

1978 W. Phillips Davison

1977 Leo Bogart

1976 Joseph T. Klapper

1975 Raymond A. Bauer

1974 Bernard Berelson

1973 Rensis Likert

1972 Jean Stoetzel

1971 Walter Lippman

1970 Archibald M. Crossley

1969 Roper Public Opinion Research Center

1968 Elmo C. Wilson

1967 Hans Zeisel

1966 Hadley Cantril

1965 Harry H. Field

1964 Harold D. Lasswell

1963 George H. Gallup

1962 Angus Campbell

Julian Woodward Award

1961 Fund for the Republic

1960 Clyde W. Hart

1959 Elmo Roper

1958 Samuel A. Stouffer

1957 Public Opinion Quarterly

1956 Herbert H. Hyman

1955 Paul F. Lazarsfeld

Reports

As needed, AAPOR may commission a working group to address topical issues relating to the survey research industry. These working groups produce reports to introduce new methods, address methodological concerns or provide guidance on the application of specific research methods. Here are some of those Task Force Reports:

June, 2021 - AAPOR/WAPOR Task Force Report on Quality in Comparative Surveys
April, 2008 – AAPOR Cell Phone Task Force Report
February 12, 2015 Task Force Report on Big Data
September 8, 2014 – Current Knowledge and Considerations Regarding Survey Refusals
May 30, 2014 – Social Media and Public Opinion Research: Report of the AAPOR Task Force on Emerging Technologies in Public Opinion Research
May 12, 2014 – Mobile Technologies for Conducting, Augmenting and Potentially Replacing Surveys: Report of the AAPOR Task Force on Emerging Technologies in Public Opinion Research
September 2, 2013 – Polling and Democracy: Report of the AAPOR Task Force on Public Opinion and Leadership
May 17, 2013 – AAPOR Report on Non-Probability Sampling
October 7, 2012 – AAPOR Statement on Understanding a "credibility interval"
October 28, 2010 – AAPOR 2010 Cell Phone Task Force Report
March 24, 2010 – AAPOR Opt In Online Panel Task Force Report
May 16, 2009 – Report to the AAPOR Standards Committee on the status of Human Subjects Protection Training Requirements
March 30, 2009 – An Evaluation of the Methodology of the 2008 Pre-Election Primary Polls: Report of ad hoc AAPOR Committee on the 2008 Presidential Primary Polling
April, 2008 – AAPOR Cell Phone Task Force Report
January 1, 2008 – Pre-Election Polling in New Hampshire: What Went Wrong?

Meetings

AAPOR holds an annual conference on public opinion and survey research and their methodologies and applications. According to AAPOR's history publication A Meeting Place and More, it holds a "central importance" at the organization. The 75th Anniversary conference in 2020 was the only conference that was planned as an in-person meeting and converted to a virtual meeting due to the COVID-19 pandemic. AAPOR also sponsors short courses, webinars, and affinity group meetings. These events provide a platform for scholars and practitioners to exchange research, job opportunities and ideas with each other.

References

^ "Code of Professional Ethics and Practices". Standards and Ethics, American Association for Public Opinion Research. Retrieved August 25, 2023.
"Transparency Initiative". AAPOR Standards and Ethics. Retrieved August 27, 2023.
^ "A Meeting Place and More". History - AAPOR. Retrieved October 12, 2023.
"Diversity - AAPOR". 2023-01-26. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
"Affinity Groups - AAPOR". 2022-11-03. Retrieved 2023-11-10.
Sha, Mandy (2019-05-14). "Professional Association and Pathways to Leadership in Our Profession". Survey Practice. 12 (1). doi:10.29115/SP-2018-0039.
"W.E.B. Du Bois Fellowship | Roper Center for Public Opinion Research". ropercenter.cornell.edu. Retrieved 2023-12-23.
"AAPOR/WAPOR Task Force Report on Quality in Comparative Surveys" (PDF). AAPOR Reports. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
"AAPOR/WAPOR Task Force Report on Quality in Comparative Surveys". World Association for Public Opinion Research. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
^ AAPOR Cell Phone Task Force (April 2009). "AAPOR Cell Phone Task Force Report" (PDF). American Association for Public Opinion Research. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-03-16. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
AAPOR Big Data Task Force (2015-02-15). "AAPOR Report on Big Data" (PDF). American Association for Public Opinion Research. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-03-16. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
AAPOR Survey Refusals Task Force (2014-09-08). "Current Knowledge and Considerations Regarding Survey Refusals" (PDF). American Association for Public Opinion Research. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-03-16. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
AAPOR Task Force on Emerging Technologies in Public Opinion Research (2014-05-30). "Social Media and Public Opinion Research" (PDF). American Association for Public Opinion Research. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-10-10. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
AAPOR Task Force on Emerging Technologies in Public Opinion Research (2014-05-12). "Mobile Technologies for Conducting, Augmenting and Potentially Replacing Surveys" (PDF). American Association for Public Opinion Research. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-03-16. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
AAPOR Task Force on Public Opinion and Leadership (2013-09-02). "Polling and Democracy: Report of the AAPOR Task Force on Public Opinion and Leadership" (PDF). American Association for Public Opinion Research. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-03-16. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
AAPOR Task Force (2013-05-17). "Mobile Technologies for Conducting, Augmenting and Potentially Replacing Surveys" (PDF). American Association for Public Opinion Research. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-12-28. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
"AAPOR Statement on Understanding a "credibility interval"" (PDF). American Association for Public Opinion Research. 2012-10-07. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-03-16. Retrieved 2015-10-28.
AAPOR Cell Phone Task Force (2010-10-28). "AAPOR 2010 Cell Phone Task Force Report" (PDF). American Association for Public Opinion Research. Archived from the original on 2015-09-29. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
AAPOR Opt In Online Panel Task Force (2010-03-24). "AAPOR Opt In Online Panel Task Force Report" (PDF). American Association for Public Opinion Research. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-09-09. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
"Report to the AAPOR Standards Committee on the status of Human Subjects Protection Training Requirements" (PDF). American Association for Public Opinion Research. 2009-05-19. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-03-16. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
ad hoc AAPOR Committee on the 2008 Presidential Primary Polling (2009-03-30). "An Evaluation of the Methodology of the 2008 Pre-Election Primary Polls: Report of ad hoc AAPOR Committee on the 2008 Presidential Primary Polling" (PDF). American Association for Public Opinion Research. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-03-16. Retrieved August 28, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
"Past Conferences". AAPOR. Retrieved October 10, 2023.

External links

Official website

v t e Social survey research
Data collection	Collection methods Questionnaire Interview Structured Semi-structured Unstructured Couple
Methodology	Census Sampling frame Statistical sample Sampling for surveys Random sampling Simple random sampling Quota sampling Stratified sampling Nonprobability sampling Sample size determination Research design Panel study Cohort study Cross-sectional study Cross-sequential study
Survey errors	Sampling error Standard error Sampling bias Systematic errors Non-sampling error Specification error Frame error Measurement error Response errors Non-response bias Coverage error Pseudo-opinion Processing errors
Data analysis	Categorical data Contingency table Level of measurement Descriptive statistics Exploratory data analysis Multivariate statistics Psychometrics Statistical inference Statistical models Graphical Log-linear Structural
Applications	Audience measurement Demography Market research Opinion poll Public opinion
Major surveys	List of comparative social surveys Afrobarometer American National Election Studies Asian Barometer Survey Comparative Study of Electoral Systems Emerson College Polling Eurobarometer European Social Survey Gallup Poll General Social Survey Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey International Social Survey Latinobarómetro List of household surveys in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study Suffolk University Political Research Center The Phillips Academy Poll Quinnipiac University Polling Institute World Values Survey
Associations	American Association for Public Opinion Research European Society for Opinion and Marketing Research International Statistical Institute Pew Research Center World Association for Public Opinion Research
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