An-28 | |
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Antonov An-28 in 2008 | |
General information | |
Type | Short-range airliner, utility aircraft |
Designer | Antonov |
Built by | WSK PZL Mielec |
Status | In service |
Primary user | Aeroflot (former) |
Number built | 191 |
History | |
Manufactured | 1975–1993 |
Introduction date | 1986 |
First flight | September 1969 |
Developed from | Antonov An-14 |
Variants | PZL M28 |
Developed into | Antonov An-38 |
The Antonov An-28 (NATO reporting name Cash) is a twin-engined light turboprop transport aircraft, developed from the Antonov An-14M. It was the winner of a competition against the Beriev Be-30, for use by Aeroflot as a short-range airliner. It first flew in 1969. A total of 191 were built and 16 remain in airline service as at August 2015. After a short pre-production series built by Antonov, it was licence-built in Poland by PZL-Mielec. In 1993, PZL-Mielec developed its own improved variant, the PZL M28 Skytruck.
Development
The An-28 is similar to the An-14 in many aspects, including its wing structure and twin rudders, but features an expanded fuselage and turboprop engines, in place of the An-14's piston engines. The An-28 first flew as a modified An-14 in 1969. The next preproduction model did not fly until 1975. In passenger carrying configuration, accommodation was provided for up to 15 people, in addition to the two-man crew. Production was transferred to PZL-Mielec in 1978. The first Polish-built aircraft did not fly until 1984. The An-28 finally received its Soviet type certificate in 1986.
Variants
- An-14A
- The original Antonov designation for an enlarged, twin-turboprop version of the An-14.
- An-14M
- Prototype.
- An-28
- Twin-engined short-range utility transport aircraft, three built.
- An-28RM Bryza 1RM
- Search and rescue, air ambulance aircraft.
- An-28TD Bryza 1TD
- Transport version.
- An-28PT
- Variant made in Poland with Pratt & Whitney PT6 engines first flown 22 July 1993.
Operators
Civil operators
Major operators of the 16 Antonov An-28 aircraft remaining in airline service include:
- Skiva Air (2)
- Vostok Airlines (3)
- SiLA (3)
- Tajik Air (2)
Former civilian operators
- Avluga-Trans (11)
- Tepavia Trans (4)
- Blue Wing Airlines (formerly operated five with three lost in crashes on 3 April 2008, 15 October 2009, and 15 May 2010)
Military operators
- Georgian Air Force – two as of December 2016.
- Tanzania Air Force Command – one as of December 2016.
Former military operators
- Djibouti Air Force two retired.
- Peruvian Army two in storage
Former operators
Notable accidents and incidents
- 19 October 1992
- Aeroflot Flight 302 stalled and crashed shortly after takeoff from Ust-Nem, Russia following a loss of control due to engine failure, killing 15 of 16 on board.
- 29 December 1999
- Ecuato Guineana (3C-JJI) An-28 crashed into the Black Sea off İnebolu, killing all six people on board.
- 23 November 2001
- ELK Airways Flight 1007, an An-28 ES-NOV operated by Enimex, struck trees and crashed about 1.5 km from the airport while attempting to land in bad weather at Kärdla Airport, Estonia. Of the 14 passengers and 3 crew on board, 2 passengers were killed.
- 29 August 2002
- Vostok Aviation Company Flight 359 struck a mountain slope near Ayan, Russia after the pilot descended too soon during the approach to Ayan, killing all 16 on board.
- 25 May 2005
- A chartered Maniema Union An-28, owned by Victoria Air, crashed into a mountain near Walungu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, about 30 minutes after takeoff. All of the 22 passengers and five crew members were killed.
- 3 August 2006
- A TRACEP-Congo Aviation An-28 (9Q-COM) struck a mountainside in low cloud while descending for Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing all 17 on board.
- 3 April 2008
- A Blue Wing Airlines An-28 crashed upon landing near Benzdorp in Suriname. All 19 on board were killed.
- 15 October 2009
- A Blue Wing Airlines An-28 overran the runway on landing at Kwamelasemoetoe Airstrip, Suriname and hit an obstacle. The aircraft was substantially damaged and four people were injured, one seriously.
- 15 May 2010
- A Blue Wing Airlines An-28 crashed over the upper Marowijne district approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-east of Poketi, Suriname. The two pilots and six passengers died.
- 30 January 2012
- A TRACEP-Congo Aviation An-28 crashed while on a domestic cargo flight from Bukavu-Kamenbe Airport to Namoya Airstrip, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing three of the five crew.
- 12 September 2012
- Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Flight 251 crashed while on a domestic flight from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to Palana Airport, killing ten of 14 people.
- 16 July 2021
- SiLA Airlines Flight 42 force-landed and crashed upside-down in the Bakcharsky District, Tomsk Oblast, Russia after both engines failed due to icing; all 18 on board survived.
- 27 February 2022
An An-28 was damaged by Russian artillery during the attack on Hostomel.
Specifications (An-28)
Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1993–94
General characteristics
- Crew: 2
- Capacity:
- 17 passengers or
- 1,750 kg (3,860 lb)
- Length: 13.10 m (43 ft 0 in)
- Wingspan: 22.06 m (72 ft 5 in)
- Height: 4.90 m (16 ft 1 in)
- Wing area: 39.72 m (427.5 sq ft)
- Aspect ratio: 12.3
- Airfoil: TsAGI R-II-14 (14% thickness)
- Empty weight: 3,900 kg (8,598 lb)
- Max takeoff weight: 6,500 kg (14,330 lb)
- Fuel capacity: 1,960 L (430 imp gal; 520 US gal)
- Powerplant: 2 × Glushenkov TVD-10B turboprop engines, 720 kW (960 shp) each
- Propellers: 3-bladed AW-24AN, 2.80 m (9 ft 2 in) diameter
Performance
- Maximum speed: 350 km/h (220 mph, 190 kn) at 3,000 m (9,800 ft)
- Cruise speed: 335 km/h (208 mph, 181 kn) at 3,000 m (9,800 ft)
- Never exceed speed: 390 km/h (240 mph, 210 kn)
- Range: 1,365 km (848 mi, 737 nmi) (max fuel, 1,000 kg (2,200 lb) payload)
- Service ceiling: 6,000 m (20,000 ft)
- g limits: +3
- Rate of climb: 8.3 m/s (1,640 ft/min)
- Take-off run to 10.7 m (35 ft): 410 m (1,350 ft)
- Landing run from 15 m (50 ft): 315 m (1,033 ft)
See also
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
- CASA C-212 Aviocar
- De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter
- Dornier 228
- GAF Nomad
- Harbin Y-12
- IAI Arava
- Let L-410 Turbolet
- Short SC.7 Skyvan
Related lists
References
- Lundgren, Johan (1996–2006). "The Antonov/PZL Mielec An-28". Airliners.net. AirNav Systems LLC. Archived from the original on 18 June 2006. Retrieved 1 July 2006.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - Morrison, Murdo; Fafard, Antoine (31 July 2015). "World Airliner Census 2015". Flightglobal Insight. Flight International (Flightglobal, published 11 August 2015)
- Green, W. 1976. The Observer's Book of Aircraft. (25th ed.) Frederick Warne & Co. pp. 254. ISBN 0-7232-1553-7
- Hoyle 2016, p. 35
- Hoyle 2016, p. 48
- Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-28 CCCP-28785 Ust-Nem". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
- Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-28 3C-JJI Inebolu". www.aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
- Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Antonov 28 ES-NOV Kärdla". aviation-safety.net.
- Accident description for RA-28932 at the Aviation Safety Network
- Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-28 9Q-COM Bukavu". www.aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
- Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-28 PZ-TSO Lawa-Antino Airport". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
- "Accident description". Aviation safety network. Archived from the original on 30 October 2009. Retrieved 18 October 2009.
- Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-28 PZ-TSV Poeketi". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
- "9Q-CUN? Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 5 February 2012.
- Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-28 RA-28715 Palana Airport". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
- Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Antonov An-28 RA-28728 Kedrovo". www.aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
- "В ДП «Антонов» розповіли про знищені літаки в Гостомелі". Mil.in.ua (in Ukrainian). 4 April 2022.
- "Утилізовувати Ан-225 "Мрія" не будуть, тривають слідчі дії – Дмитро Антонов". Mil.in.ua (in Ukrainian). 5 June 2022.
As for other planes that remained in Hostomel, the pilot said that the An-74 and An-26 were destroyed. But An-22 and An-124 "Ruslan" are damaged. Regarding their recovery, the pilot said:"I believe that Ruslan will be restored, An-28 will be restored. The An-22 may also be restored, but it has been severely damaged."
- Lambert 1993, pp. 231–233
- Hoyle, Craig (6–12 December 2016). "World Air Forces Directory". Flight International. Vol. 190, no. 5566. pp. 22–53. ISSN 0015-3710.
- Lambert, Mark, ed. (1993). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1993–94. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Data Division. ISBN 0-7106-1066-1.
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