Abderites or Abderite may refer to:
- People associated with the ancient city of Abdera, Thrace
- Adherents of the philosophical school of Abdera
- Abderite, a reference to Democritus, native of Abdera; later acquired the generic meaning of "scoffer"
- Abderites, archetypical fools in classical Greece, akin of the Wise Men of Gotham
- The satirical book Die Abderiten, eine sehr wahrscheinliche Geschichte by Christoph Martin Wieland
- Abderites (mammal), a genus of Paucituberculata from South America
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